Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide mapping and biophysical characterization of G-quadruplex structures in phytoplasma and their prospective role in host pathogenesis.","authors":"Amrita Singh, Suman Lakhanpaul, Anju Singh, Shrikant Kukreti","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01801-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01801-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>G-quadruplexes are non-canonical DNA structures formed by guanine-rich sequences that regulate gene expression and genome stability. Despite AT-rich phytoplasma genomes, their G-quadruplex potential remains unexplored. We performed genome-wide mapping, comparative analyses and biophysical validation of putative G-quadruplex forming sequences (PGQSs) in four phytoplasma strains: Onion yellows phytoplasma, Aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma, '<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma australiense' and '<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma mali'. We identified 376 (OY-M, previously reported by Singh and Lakhanpaul 2019), 286, 340 and 129 PGQSs in OY-M, AY-WB, AUSGY and AT, respectively, with densities of 0.2143-0.4407 PGQSs/Kbp. Strong positive correlations between GC content and PGQS density occurred in whole genomes and genic regions, while regulatory and repeat-rich regions showed weak correlations, suggesting functional enrichment beyond GC bias. PGQSs were enriched in putative regulatory regions and essential Sec translocation pathway genes (<i>secA</i> and <i>secY</i>). Circular dichroism spectroscopy and native PAGE confirmed parallel and mixed G4 topologies in vitro, while mutated controls failed to form stable structures. These findings highlight non-random distribution and potential regulatory significance of G-quadruplexes in phytoplasma genomes, providing insights into molecular mechanisms underlying phytoplasma pathogenicity.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01801-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2035-2053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NaCl priming enhances germination, physiological vigor, and rhizome quality in turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.).","authors":"T R Athira, K C Jisha","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01810-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01810-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-sowing halopriming with sodium chloride (NaCl) was evaluated as a strategy to improve germination, growth, physiological performance, and rhizome yield in turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L. cv. IISR Pragati) through a multi-year assessment. A preliminary optimization experiment evaluating NaCl concentrations from 0 to 500 mM in a randomized design with three replicates identified 250 mM as the optimal priming concentration, resulting in the highest germination (92.66%) and improved physiological and biochemical responses, whereas higher concentrations were inhibitory. The optimized treatment was subsequently evaluated over three consecutive years (2022-2025) under open growbag conditions. NaCl priming exerted significant treatment effects (<i>P</i> < 0.05) across all parameters, enhancing germination (92.77-94.44%) and vegetative growth, while year and interaction effects were largely non-significant for most traits, indicating consistent performance. Primed plants exhibited higher relative water content (92.58%) and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, indicating improved physiological status. Biochemical analysis showed increased carbohydrate and protein accumulation, elevated proline levels, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), reflecting improved osmotic adjustment and membrane stability. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed changes in protein banding patterns and band intensity, suggesting modulation of the overall leaf protein profile following NaCl priming. These physiological and biochemical responses were accompanied by enhanced rhizome development, with fresh rhizome yield increasing from 95.0 to 147.83 g plant^- 1 in the control to 287.45-339.56 g plant^- 1 in primed plants across years. Curcumin and essential oil contents were also improved. Overall, NaCl halopriming at 250 mM provides a practical pre-planting treatment for enhancing turmeric growth, yield, and quality under the tested conditions. Further field validation across diverse agro-climatic regions is required to confirm its broader applicability.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01810-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2019-2033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of SNP-based markers associated with restorer-of-fertility in chilli (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.).","authors":"Manoj Balenahalli Parameshwaraiah, Madhavi Reddy Kambham, Lakshmana Reddy Dhoranapalli ChinnappaReddy, Sai Timmarao Koka, Smaranika Mishra, Karishma Pasupula, Mahebub Shaik, Naresh Ponnam","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01789-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01789-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CGMS) system enhances the economic efficiency of F₁ hybrid seed production by exploiting the interaction between sterile cytoplasm and nuclear restorer-of-fertility (<i>Rf</i>) genes. Molecular markers linked to the <i>Rf</i> gene facilitate the development of stable CMS lines by enabling fixation of the recessive <i>rf</i> allele in male-sterile (A) and maintainer (B) lines, identification of restorer lines, and assessment of genetic purity. In the present study, phenotyping of an F₂ population derived from IIHR4392A (<i>rfrf</i>) × IIHR4597R (<i>RfRf</i>) showed a 3:1 segregation ratio, confirming monogenic dominant inheritance of fertility restoration. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of this segregating F₂ population yielded 10,443 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with 481 to 1,074 SNPs per chromosome. Bulk segregant analysis identified three SNPs co-segregating with the <i>Rf</i> gene on chromosome 6. One candidate SNP, mapped at 2,343,509 bp on chromosome 6, was converted into a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker and validated in the F₂ population. Three putative candidate genes, <i>i.e</i>., two fertility restorer-like proteins (<i>CA06g01070</i>, <i>CA06g01090</i>) and a pentatricopeptide repeat protein (<i>CA06g01100</i>), were predicted as potential <i>Rf</i> candidates. The developed dCAPS marker associated with the <i>Rf</i> gene for fertility restoration provides a valuable tool for marker-assisted breeding in chilli.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2055-2063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nanoparticles and nanotechnologies in regulating metal(loid) accumulation in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.).","authors":"Nandini Chauhan, Garima Awasthi, Kumud Kant Awasthi, Anjali Awasthi, Anuj Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, Mahipal Singh Sankhla","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01803-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01803-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal(loid) contamination is a significant threat to environmental health and agricultural productivity, as it can cause toxic elements such as lead, arsenic, or cadmium to accumulate in plants and enter the food chain. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and other approaches in nanotechnology has become a viable solution to this problem. Several mechanisms can be utilized by nanoscale materials to control plant metal (loid) accumulation, such as complexation of metal ions, transformation of toxic metals into more manageable forms, immobilization of harmful contaminants in the soil for preventative use, and modification of physiological pathways for improving plant tolerance. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of engineered nanoparticles, including metal-based NPs (e.g. iron oxide, zinc oxide), carbon-derived nanomaterials like graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, and hybrid nanocomposites, is presented to illustrate their roles in controlling the uptake/translocation and detoxification of metal(loid)s in plants. The paper underscores the environmental consequences of nanoparticle usage, such as possible toxicity and ecological survival, while also highlighting important knowledge shortcomings, including the necessity for extended research or fieldwork. Additionally, the article culminates with a list of suggested research paths for enhancing the safe and effective application of nanotechnologies in sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. Consistent with the scope of the available mechanistic evidence, the review focuses specifically on the two most widely cultivated staple cereals, rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), which together account for the majority of dietary metal(loid) exposure through cereal grain worldwide, and draws on Arabidopsis thaliana only as a model system for resolving the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01803-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2079-2098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and physiological adaptations conferring herbivory resistance in wild olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L. subsp. <i>cuspidata</i>).","authors":"Faakeha Islam, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Farooq Ahmad, Mansoor Hameed, Sana Basharat, Sana Fatima, Ansar Mehmood, Zahida Parveen, Ansa Asghar, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01809-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01809-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbivory represents an important ecological pressure influencing plant structure and function, yet the integration of morphological and physiological responses under natural browsing remains insufficiently understood. In <i>Olea europaea</i> L. subsp. <i>cuspidata</i>, a widely distributed wild olive species in Punjab, Pakistan, we compared morpho-anatomical, biochemical, and physiological traits between browsed and non-browsed populations across ecologically distinct regions. Browsed populations exhibited pronounced phenotypic variation, characterized by a shift toward a compact, shrubby architecture with reduced leaf size, increased branching, and higher squama density. Concurrent changes included reduced stomatal size and density, thinner cortical and vascular tissues, and lower photosynthetic pigment and ionic contents. In contrast, levels of phenolics, antioxidant enzymes, and osmoprotectants were generally elevated in browsed plants, suggesting a potential trade-off between growth-related traits and stress-associated responses. The combination of structural and biochemical traits observed in browsed individuals is consistent with plant responses commonly associated with herbivory and environmental stress. However, as herbivore pressure, feeding rates, and preference were not directly quantified, these trait shifts should be interpreted as correlates of browsing exposure rather than definitive evidence of herbivore deterrence or resistance mechanisms. Overall, this study provides an integrated assessment of trait variation associated with browsing in <i>O. europaea</i> subsp. <i>cuspidata</i>, while highlighting the need for direct herbivore interaction studies to clarify functional defense roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2137-2154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light governed plant-microbe interactions: the role of light in biotic stress resilience.","authors":"Eti Sharma, Vaishnavi Shrivastava, Rimjhim Aeron, Paridhi Sharma, Saksham Baliyan, Saurabh Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01806-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01806-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global agricultural system is continuously facing many threats that arise from phytopathogens, which pose a serious challenge to food security worldwide. Synthetic biology approaches and advances in biotechnology have developed various methods to control these diseases, they are not yet fully effective in protecting plants from all phytopathogens. In this context, nature offers an alternative solution through plant associated microbiome. These beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in mediating plant survival under biotic stress by influencing host immunity and metabolic responses. A better understanding of plant-microbe interactions at both genetic and metabolite levels is important. These interactions are controlled by complex regulatory networks and studying them will help us use their full potential. Consequently, research is expanding into how environmental factors, specifically light, influence plant physiology, immunity and secondary metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that light not only shapes plant immunity but also modulates the accumulation and behaviour of associated microbial community, therefore influencing the outcome of biotic stress interactions. This review focuses on the role of light as a regulatory signal in plant-microbe interactions under biotic stress. It explains how light controls secondary metabolite production and plant defence mechanisms. It also highlights how light responsive pathways can be used to develop disease-resistant and climate smart crops. The integration of photobiology with microbiome research may open new approaches for sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. This approach can help address the challenges posed by emerging phytopathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"1939-1953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinosteroids in plant growth and stress adaptation: molecular mechanisms and physiological functions.","authors":"Rushikesh Sanjay Mane, Bishun Deo Prasad, Sangita Sahni, Zeba Quaiyum, Katyayni Kanth, Satish Kumar Singh, V K Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01811-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01811-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is intensifying heat, drought and salinity stresses, placing global food production at increasing risk and highlighting the need for stress-resilient crops. Brassinosteroids (BRs), key plant steroid hormones, have emerged as central regulators of growth and environmental adaptation through coordinated transcriptional, hormonal and redox-mediated responses. Recent advances have refined the classical view of BRs biology by elucidating key biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms. At the signalling level, the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1)-BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) receptor complex and the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2)-BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1)/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) transcriptional module remain core components. The discovery of ABCB-mediated BRs transport has introduced a new conceptual framework in which hormone distribution contributes to localized signalling and tissue-specific responses. BRs enhance stress tolerance by improving antioxidant defence, photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, nutrient utilization, and hormonal coordination. Genome editing and multi-omics approaches further highlight the dynamic and spatial regulation of BRs networks. This review integrates mechanistic, transport, and systems-level advances into a unified framework for climate-resilient crop improvement.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01811-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2099-2115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide investigation of methyl-CpG-binding domain genes in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. and functional characterization of <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> in modulating osmotic stress tolerance.","authors":"Ling Jiang, Gang Lin, Mufei Shi, Jingying Wu, Lixuan Sun, Xiumei Xu, Zhihua Zhang, Shiyao Wen, Meifeng Chen, Xiewang Gao, Mu Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01805-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01805-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gigabytes of eukaryotic genomes are indexed by biochemical modifications including methylation and highly compressed and stacked in the nuclei. Thus, organized access and expression of the genetic codes hidden in the highly compacted genomes is critical. The methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins can specifically recognize and bind to the methylated CpG sites and regulate gene expression. To date, few MBD genes have been functionally characterized in plants and their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. <i>Brassica napus</i> is an important crop sensitive to osmotic stress. Here, a total of 38 putative MBD-domain proteins were identified in <i>Brassica napus</i> and their potential roles in abiotic stress were investigated. <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> (<i>BnaC09G0432500ZS</i>) and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> (<i>BnaA10G0153000ZS</i>) are a pair of closely related paralogs with similar expression patterns. Both the <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> showed nuclear localization. Heterologous expression of either <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> or <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> conferred tolerance to drought and salt stresses. However, the transgenic plants over-expressing <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> or <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> showed largely non-overlapped transcriptomes, suggesting they might act independently to reinforce the stress tolerance. Our results functionally characterized <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> of <i>Brassica napus</i> in response to osmotic stress and provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms <i>BnaMBD</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01805-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2065-2078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic landscape of <i>Cestrum diurnum</i>: elucidating pathways of medicinally important terpenoids and toxic alkaloids.","authors":"Vandana Mathur, Ramawatar Nagar, Maniraj Rathinam, Shashank Kumar Mishra, Bhanu Prakash, Ajit Kumar Shasany, Rohini Sreevathsa","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01804-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01804-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cestrum diurnum</i> is a medicinally important yet underexplored member of the Solanaceae family, known for its bioactive compounds such as terpenoids and alkaloids. Despite its pharmaceutical potential and toxicological concerns, the molecular insights into the specialized metabolite biosynthesis in this species have remained uncharacterized due to the absence of genomic resources. In this investigation, Illumina RNA-seq was employed to generate the first comprehensive transcriptome of <i>C. diurnum</i> leaves, coupled with metabolite profiling. The assembled transcriptome revealed complete sets of genes involved in terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. Abundant transcription factors, including <i>MYB</i>, <i>bHLH</i>, and <i>WRKY</i> families, and highly connected protein-protein interaction modules suggested coordinated regulation of these pathways. Metabolite analysis confirmed the presence of pharmaceutical important triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and β-amyrin, alongside alkaloids including nicotine and its derivatives. By integrating transcriptomic, regulatory, and metabolomic insights, this work provides a foundational resource for <i>C. diurnum.</i> It enables the discovery and functional characterization of candidate genes, supports metabolic engineering strategies to enhance valuable terpenoids, and offers avenues to mitigate toxic alkaloid accumulation. More extensively, these findings expand molecular knowledge of specialized metabolism in Solanaceae and unlock the potential of <i>C. diurnum</i> for future pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01804-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"1955-1973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) to partial replacement of recommended nitrogen through foliar-applied prilled and nano-urea.","authors":"Suman Dagar, K Bharath Chandra, Vijay Paul, Pravin Kumar Upadhyay, Rakesh Pandey, Achchhelal Yadav, Mahesh C Meena, Abir Dey, Debashis Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01800-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01800-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low nitrogen use efficiency in rice has increased interest in foliar nano-urea (NU) as a supplement to reduced soil-applied nitrogen. The study evaluated basmati rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L., var. Pusa Basmati-1692) under 100% recommended N dose (RDN) as soil-applied urea, 75% RDN + two foliar sprays of prilled urea (75RDN + PU), and 75% RDN + foliar NU at 4 mL L^-1 (75RDN + NU). Detailed physiological, biophysical, plant N and soil N observations were made in 2022, and field yield performance was evaluated over 2 years. Across the 2-year field dataset, 75RDN + NU maintained grain yield statistically at par with RDN-only, although yields were numerically lower by 8.7% in 2022 and 6.5% in 2023. In the detailed 2022 field experiment, plant N uptake did not differ significantly among treatments, despite the 25% lower soil-applied N under the two foliar-supplemented treatments. Physiological responses were stage dependent. RDN-only showed stronger early pigment status and photosynthetic performance, while 75RDN + NU showed higher pigment concentration at anthesis but no consistent improvement in photosynthetic rate, water-use efficiency, or radiation-use efficiency, while total N uptake remained statistically comparable among treatments. Post-harvest mineral N pools varied among treatments, but total residual mineral N remained broadly comparable. Overall, 75RDN + NU maintained field yield under 25% lower soil-applied N, but did not demonstrate clear physiological or N-uptake superiority over RDN-only. Longer multi-season, multi-location and dose-timing studies are needed before recommending foliar NU as a reliable partial substitute for soil-applied N in rice.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01800-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2007-2017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}