Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants最新文献

{"title":"Light governed plant-microbe interactions: the role of light in biotic stress resilience.","authors":"Eti Sharma, Vaishnavi Shrivastava, Rimjhim Aeron, Paridhi Sharma, Saksham Baliyan, Saurabh Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01806-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01806-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global agricultural system is continuously facing many threats that arise from phytopathogens, which pose a serious challenge to food security worldwide. Synthetic biology approaches and advances in biotechnology have developed various methods to control these diseases, they are not yet fully effective in protecting plants from all phytopathogens. In this context, nature offers an alternative solution through plant associated microbiome. These beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in mediating plant survival under biotic stress by influencing host immunity and metabolic responses. A better understanding of plant-microbe interactions at both genetic and metabolite levels is important. These interactions are controlled by complex regulatory networks and studying them will help us use their full potential. Consequently, research is expanding into how environmental factors, specifically light, influence plant physiology, immunity and secondary metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that light not only shapes plant immunity but also modulates the accumulation and behaviour of associated microbial community, therefore influencing the outcome of biotic stress interactions. This review focuses on the role of light as a regulatory signal in plant-microbe interactions under biotic stress. It explains how light controls secondary metabolite production and plant defence mechanisms. It also highlights how light responsive pathways can be used to develop disease-resistant and climate smart crops. The integration of photobiology with microbiome research may open new approaches for sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. This approach can help address the challenges posed by emerging phytopathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"1939-1953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinosteroids in plant growth and stress adaptation: molecular mechanisms and physiological functions.","authors":"Rushikesh Sanjay Mane, Bishun Deo Prasad, Sangita Sahni, Zeba Quaiyum, Katyayni Kanth, Satish Kumar Singh, V K Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01811-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01811-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is intensifying heat, drought and salinity stresses, placing global food production at increasing risk and highlighting the need for stress-resilient crops. Brassinosteroids (BRs), key plant steroid hormones, have emerged as central regulators of growth and environmental adaptation through coordinated transcriptional, hormonal and redox-mediated responses. Recent advances have refined the classical view of BRs biology by elucidating key biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms. At the signalling level, the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1)-BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) receptor complex and the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2)-BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1)/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) transcriptional module remain core components. The discovery of ABCB-mediated BRs transport has introduced a new conceptual framework in which hormone distribution contributes to localized signalling and tissue-specific responses. BRs enhance stress tolerance by improving antioxidant defence, photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, nutrient utilization, and hormonal coordination. Genome editing and multi-omics approaches further highlight the dynamic and spatial regulation of BRs networks. This review integrates mechanistic, transport, and systems-level advances into a unified framework for climate-resilient crop improvement.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01811-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2099-2115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide investigation of methyl-CpG-binding domain genes in <i>Brassica napus</i> L. and functional characterization of <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> in modulating osmotic stress tolerance.","authors":"Ling Jiang, Gang Lin, Mufei Shi, Jingying Wu, Lixuan Sun, Xiumei Xu, Zhihua Zhang, Shiyao Wen, Meifeng Chen, Xiewang Gao, Mu Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01805-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01805-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gigabytes of eukaryotic genomes are indexed by biochemical modifications including methylation and highly compressed and stacked in the nuclei. Thus, organized access and expression of the genetic codes hidden in the highly compacted genomes is critical. The methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins can specifically recognize and bind to the methylated CpG sites and regulate gene expression. To date, few MBD genes have been functionally characterized in plants and their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. <i>Brassica napus</i> is an important crop sensitive to osmotic stress. Here, a total of 38 putative MBD-domain proteins were identified in <i>Brassica napus</i> and their potential roles in abiotic stress were investigated. <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> (<i>BnaC09G0432500ZS</i>) and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> (<i>BnaA10G0153000ZS</i>) are a pair of closely related paralogs with similar expression patterns. Both the <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> showed nuclear localization. Heterologous expression of either <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> or <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> conferred tolerance to drought and salt stresses. However, the transgenic plants over-expressing <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> or <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> showed largely non-overlapped transcriptomes, suggesting they might act independently to reinforce the stress tolerance. Our results functionally characterized <i>BnaC09.MBD7</i> and <i>BnaA10.MBD7</i> of <i>Brassica napus</i> in response to osmotic stress and provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms <i>BnaMBD</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01805-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2065-2078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic landscape of <i>Cestrum diurnum</i>: elucidating pathways of medicinally important terpenoids and toxic alkaloids.","authors":"Vandana Mathur, Ramawatar Nagar, Maniraj Rathinam, Shashank Kumar Mishra, Bhanu Prakash, Ajit Kumar Shasany, Rohini Sreevathsa","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01804-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01804-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cestrum diurnum</i> is a medicinally important yet underexplored member of the Solanaceae family, known for its bioactive compounds such as terpenoids and alkaloids. Despite its pharmaceutical potential and toxicological concerns, the molecular insights into the specialized metabolite biosynthesis in this species have remained uncharacterized due to the absence of genomic resources. In this investigation, Illumina RNA-seq was employed to generate the first comprehensive transcriptome of <i>C. diurnum</i> leaves, coupled with metabolite profiling. The assembled transcriptome revealed complete sets of genes involved in terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. Abundant transcription factors, including <i>MYB</i>, <i>bHLH</i>, and <i>WRKY</i> families, and highly connected protein-protein interaction modules suggested coordinated regulation of these pathways. Metabolite analysis confirmed the presence of pharmaceutical important triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and β-amyrin, alongside alkaloids including nicotine and its derivatives. By integrating transcriptomic, regulatory, and metabolomic insights, this work provides a foundational resource for <i>C. diurnum.</i> It enables the discovery and functional characterization of candidate genes, supports metabolic engineering strategies to enhance valuable terpenoids, and offers avenues to mitigate toxic alkaloid accumulation. More extensively, these findings expand molecular knowledge of specialized metabolism in Solanaceae and unlock the potential of <i>C. diurnum</i> for future pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01804-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"1955-1973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) to partial replacement of recommended nitrogen through foliar-applied prilled and nano-urea.","authors":"Suman Dagar, K Bharath Chandra, Vijay Paul, Pravin Kumar Upadhyay, Rakesh Pandey, Achchhelal Yadav, Mahesh C Meena, Abir Dey, Debashis Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01800-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01800-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low nitrogen use efficiency in rice has increased interest in foliar nano-urea (NU) as a supplement to reduced soil-applied nitrogen. The study evaluated basmati rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L., var. Pusa Basmati-1692) under 100% recommended N dose (RDN) as soil-applied urea, 75% RDN + two foliar sprays of prilled urea (75RDN + PU), and 75% RDN + foliar NU at 4 mL L^-1 (75RDN + NU). Detailed physiological, biophysical, plant N and soil N observations were made in 2022, and field yield performance was evaluated over 2 years. Across the 2-year field dataset, 75RDN + NU maintained grain yield statistically at par with RDN-only, although yields were numerically lower by 8.7% in 2022 and 6.5% in 2023. In the detailed 2022 field experiment, plant N uptake did not differ significantly among treatments, despite the 25% lower soil-applied N under the two foliar-supplemented treatments. Physiological responses were stage dependent. RDN-only showed stronger early pigment status and photosynthetic performance, while 75RDN + NU showed higher pigment concentration at anthesis but no consistent improvement in photosynthetic rate, water-use efficiency, or radiation-use efficiency, while total N uptake remained statistically comparable among treatments. Post-harvest mineral N pools varied among treatments, but total residual mineral N remained broadly comparable. Overall, 75RDN + NU maintained field yield under 25% lower soil-applied N, but did not demonstrate clear physiological or N-uptake superiority over RDN-only. Longer multi-season, multi-location and dose-timing studies are needed before recommending foliar NU as a reliable partial substitute for soil-applied N in rice.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01800-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2007-2017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive, physiological, and biochemical responses of elephant grass 'BRS Capiaçu' (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schumach.) under different water regimes with brackish water in a semi-arid environment.","authors":"Lara Rosa de Lima-Silva, Lady Daiane Costa de Sousa Martins, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, Wagner Martins Dos Santos, Pedro Paulo Santos de Souza, Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza, Cleber Pereira Alves, Agda Raiany Mota Dos Santos, Ênio Farias de França E Silva, Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos, Wilma Roberta Dos Santos, Carlos André Alves de Souza, Adriano Nascimento Simões, Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva, Elania Freire da Silva, José Francisco da Cruz Neto, Xuguang Tang, João L M P de Lima, Thieres George Freire da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01792-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01792-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seasonality of forage production is one of the main challenges in semi-arid regions, where environmental conditions limit agricultural productivity. One promising option is the use of elephant grass 'BRS Capiaçu', together with deficit irrigation. This study evaluated the impact of different irrigation depths with brackish water (50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of the reference evapotranspiration - ET₀) on the productive, physiological, photochemical and biochemical aspects of 'BRS Capiaçu' over two cycles. Irrigation with 50% of the ET₀ resulted in lower rates of net photosynthesis (P _<i>n</i> ), with a reduction in photosystem II quantum yield (ΔF/Fm'), qP, NPQ and the electron transport rate (ETR), in addition to greater activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), indicating oxidative stress. The depths of 50% and 100% of the ET₀ resulted in greater dry matter production, for Cycles 1 and 2, respectively, demonstrating the resilience of the crop to water stress, attributed to such mechanisms of acclimatisation as a reduction in transpiration (T _<i>r</i> ) and an increase in water use efficiency. These physiological changes were more obvious during Cycle 2, in which the crop was subjected to lower rainfall (47.8 mm), while salt stress was also more pronounced during this period, in response, the plants showed less water loss through transpiration and larger WUE_inst. It was concluded that 'BRS Capiaçu' has a high capacity for acclimatisation to semi-arid conditions, and stands out as a viable alternative for mitigating the seasonality of forage production and promoting sustainable livestock farming in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 9","pages":"2117-2136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous molybdenum mitigates cadmium-induced toxicity in wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L.) germinating seeds.","authors":"Leila Khaireddine, Lamia Sakouhi, Oussama Kharbech, Abdelilah Chaoui","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01794-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01794-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination of agricultural soils represents a serious threat to crop productivity and food security due to its phytotoxic effects. In this context, the present study investigates the protective effects of molybdenum (Mo) against Cd-induced oxidative stress in germinating wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L.) seeds. Seeds were pretreated with ammonium molybdate at 0, 1, 2, or 3 µM for 12 h before germination under control or Cd stress conditions (400 µM CdCl₂). Results indicated that 2 µM Mo was most effective at mitigating Cd-induced growth inhibition; therefore, this concentration was selected for physiological analyses. Mo pretreatment reduced Cd accumulation while increasing tissue Mo content, thereby improving the cellular redox state under Cd stress. This was associated with decreased levels of superoxide anions [Formula: see text], hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Mo also protected membrane integrity, as indicated by reduced lipoxygenase activity and lower levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, thereby decreasing electrolyte leakage and improving cell viability. Improved redox homeostasis was correlated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Moreover, Mo enhanced methylglyoxal detoxification by stimulating glyoxalase I and II activities, thereby limiting methylglyoxal accumulation. Likewise, Mo regulated the proline content by modulating its metabolism, particularly through the regulation of Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase and proline dehydrogenase. These findings highlight the protective role of Mo in mitigating Cd-induced stress, providing insights into potential strategies to enhance seed tolerance to Cd contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 8","pages":"1851-1862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential of <i>Vischeria magna</i>.","authors":"Irina Maltseva, Aleksandr Yakoviichuk, Zinaida Krivova, Svetlana Maltseva, Maxim Kulikovskiy, Yevhen Maltsev","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01795-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01795-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the biochemical characteristics, antioxidant potential and nutritional parameters of a newly identified eustigmatophycean strain <i>Vischeria magna</i> MZ-E1. The strain showed strong potential to accumulate lipids, vitamins, pigments, and fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid, which has significant commercial value. The identification was based on morphological features, phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. The strain accumulated substantial quantities of lipids (up to 185.03 mg g^- 1 dry weight), vitamins (retinol up to 33.98 µg g^- 1, α-tocopherol up to 465.87 µg g^- 1), ascorbic acid (up to 8.12 mg g^- 1), and carotenoids (up to 1.92 mg g^- 1), with astaxanthin comprising 12.5-19.4% of total carotenoids. Major fatty acids in the profile included palmitic 16:0, palmitoleic 16:1n-7, and eicosapentaenoic 20:5n-3 acids. Omega-3 fatty acids dominated, accounting for 73.39% and 69.81% in early and late stationary phases, respectively. Transition from exponential to stationary growth phase was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and accumulation of secondary lipid degradation products. This led to enhanced synthesis of retinol and α-tocopherol. Overall, <i>Vischeria magna</i> MZ-E1 shows promise as a natural source of biologically active compounds applicable in feed production, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. Additionally, it could contribute to carbon sequestration and biofixation technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 8","pages":"1883-1899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative regulators that mitigate abiotic stress sensitivity of rice: insights and future perspectives.","authors":"Tsering Dickey Bhutia, Shweta Thakur, Shahid Umar, Tapan Kumar Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01790-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01790-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation have severely reduced rice productivity by disrupting cellular balance and physiological processes. Rice plants perceive environmental stress through the complex signaling networks that include phytohormone-mediated pathways, transcriptional regulation, reactive oxygen species, ion transport systems, and post-translational modifications. While numerous studies have been focused on positive regulators that enhance stress tolerance, but emerging evidence also suggest that negative regulators have an equally important role in modulating stress responses and balancing stress tolerance. These regulators have been shown to function at multiple molecular levels, including TFs, protein phosphatases, ubiquitin-proteasome components, signaling repressors, and chromatin-associated modifiers that modulate ABA-dependent and independent stress signaling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive study of negative regulators identified in rice and discusses their physiological impacts on the stomatal regulation, ROS scavenging, ion homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency, and developmental adaptation. We have further summarized the strategies that are used for the identification of negative regulators through transcriptomic, genetic, and functional genomics approaches. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities for the manipulation of negative regulatory networks to combat stress tolerance without compromising overall yield, offering future perspectives for developing climate-resilient rice cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 8","pages":"1703-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic acid enhanced the chromium tolerance in pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) by mitigating the oxidative damage and gene expression.","authors":"Priyanka Yadav, Shruti Jha, Lucky Duhan, Dipti Gahlawat, Asha Sharma, Sandeep Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12298-026-01785-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-026-01785-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromium (Cr) is highly toxic to plants, limiting their growth and yield; it further influences the intake and transport of minerals, promotes oxidative stress, and disturbs plant metabolism. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key stress-signalling phytohormone that has been shown to diminish the toxicity of Cr in various species of plants. The present investigation examined the effectiveness of 0.5- and 1-mM SA treatment to ameliorate the impacts of 0.15, 0.3, 1, 2-, and 3-mM Cr stress in Pea (HFP8909) during hydroponic culture. The findings revealed that the presence of SA reduced Cr's harmful effects by enhancing the performance of the antioxidative defense system (Enzymatic: PsSOD, PsCAT, PsAPX, PsGPX, and PsPOX; non-enzymatic: glutathione pool, protein, and phenol content), and by decreasing superoxide radicals and relative membrane permeability. SA treatment in Cr-stressed pea plants boosted the expression of metal chelation-related genes (PsMETII and PsGST), promoting Cr tolerance and decreasing Cr absorption. The expression of photosynthesis-related genes (PsrbcL, PsrbcS, and Pschla/b) was downregulated during Cr stress, but substantially restored by exogenous SA administration. Therefore, the SA treatment may ameliorate Cr toxic effects by restoring the negative impacts of plant development resulting from Cr stress and improving Cr tolerance by altering the expression of metal chelation, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defence-related genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"32 8","pages":"1863-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}