Dual RNA-seq reveals the global transcriptome of Candidatus Phytoplasma and Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) shoot apical meristem during phyllody development.
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Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), a significant oilseed crop, is highly valued for its rich oil content and the remarkable stability of its oil. Sesame production faces numerous harvest and post-harvest challenges including vulnerability to biotic infections. Phytoplasma infection in sesame leads to significant yield losses. We have generated transcriptome data of healthy and phytoplasma infected sesame plants and identified gene expression pattern of Ca. Phytoplasma during infection. A total of 1298 genes were differentially expressed during infection. Changes were observed in key genes associated with plant hormone signaling, flowering, starch and sucrose synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and also secondary metabolite pathways. Alteration of 31 Transcription factor families was also observed in response to phytoplasma. Twenty-one flowering and hormone-related Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were selected for RT-qPCR validation, eleven genes were significantly up-regulated and ten were down-regulated upon infection. The defense and growth phytohormones content measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) corroborated with the transcriptome and RT-qPCR results. Out of 753 genes, only 574 genes of Ca. phytoplasma Onion Yellow were expressed and enriched in categories such as ribosomal genes, secondary metabolites pathway, glycolysis pathway. The expression of a secreted protein PAM486 was highest among all the expressed genes of phytoplasma. All of these data are valuable molecular resources for understanding phytoplasma biology and identifying potential targets for the development of new control strategies. This is the first application of Dual RNA-seq technique to analyze changes in host plant caused by phytoplasma infection.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01628-9.
期刊介绍：
Founded in 1995, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (PMBP) is a peer reviewed monthly journal co-published by Springer Nature. It contains research and review articles, short communications, commentaries, book reviews etc., in all areas of functional plant biology including, but not limited to plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, molecular pathology, biophysics, cell and molecular biology, genetics, genomics and bioinformatics. Its integrated and interdisciplinary approach reflects the global growth trajectories in functional plant biology, attracting authors/editors/reviewers from over 98 countries.
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