Elucidating the phytotoxicity threshold of PGPR, ZnO/MnO-NCs and corncob biochar on physical and biochemical attributes of wheat under Cd stress.

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI:10.1007/s12298-025-01625-y

Sadia Mustafa, Sabir Hussain, Tanvir Shahzad, Faisal Mahmood

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Globally agricultural sector, like cereals and especially wheat, are facing a broad range of challenges like as biotic and abiotic stresses. The main purpose of this study was to check the phytotoxic thresholds of PGPR strain, zinc manganese oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/MnO-NCs), and corncob biochar on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under 20 mg L^-1 cadmium (Cd) stress. The ZnO/MnO-NCs were synthesized from leaf extract of Conocarpus erectus L. and characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The phytotoxicity threshold of the biosynthesized ZnO/MnO-NCs, PGPR, and corncob biochar were optimized. Various dosages (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L^-1) of the nanocomposites, biochar (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%), and different PGPR strains (1, 2, 3, 4) were applied through soil drenching in 3 replicates. After six weeks plants were harvested, and marpho-pysio-biochemical parameters were measured. Results showed that optimal growth was achieved with 150 mg L^-1 of nanocomposites, 3% w/w biochar, and PGPR strain Bacillus Flexa. Overall, all the bio stimulants enhance morpho-physio-biochemical parameters in plants and reduce Cd toxicity. However, among the bio-stimulants tested, Bacillus Flexa sp. of PGPR was most effective in lowering Cd accumulation in the roots and shoots, showing a 15.35% and 17.71% increase in root length and 5.28% and 7.02% increase in shoot length compared to nanocomposites and biochar, respectively in the presence of cd stress. It also enhanced chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities while reducing oxidative stress markers. The soil-drenching application of these bio-stimulants has the efficiency to improve wheat growth, crop yield and reduction in uptake of Cd stress. Applying these bio-stimulants at optimized doses in contaminated soils can offer a sustainable, eco-friendly approach for improving crop yields while reducing cadmium accumulation in food crops.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01625-y.

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阐明PGPR、ZnO/MnO-NCs和玉米芯生物炭对Cd胁迫下小麦理化性状的植物毒性阈值。

全球农业部门，如谷物，特别是小麦，正面临着广泛的挑战，如生物和非生物压力。研究了20 mg L-1镉胁迫下PGPR菌株、锌锰氧化物纳米复合材料（ZnO/MnO-NCs）和玉米芯生物炭对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的植物毒性阈值。以Conocarpus erectus L.叶提取物为原料合成ZnO/MnO-NCs，并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对其进行了表征。优化了生物合成ZnO/MnO-NCs、PGPR和玉米芯生物炭的植物毒性阈值。通过土壤淋施不同剂量（0、50、100、150和200 mg L-1）的纳米复合材料、生物炭（0、1、2、3和4%）和不同的PGPR菌株（1、2、3、4），分3个重复。6周后，收获植株，测量marphop -pysio-biochemical参数。结果表明，在150 mg L-1的纳米复合材料、3% w/w的生物炭和PGPR菌株Flexa的条件下，细菌生长最佳。总的来说，所有的生物刺激物都能提高植物的形态生理生化参数，降低镉的毒性。在Cd胁迫下，与纳米复合材料和生物炭相比，PGPR的Flexa芽孢杆菌的根长和茎长分别增加了15.35%和17.71%和5.28%和7.02%，在不同的生物刺激剂中，Flexa芽孢杆菌对Cd在根和茎中的积累最有效。它还能提高叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性，同时降低氧化应激标志物。淋施这些生物刺激剂对改善小麦生长、提高作物产量和减少镉胁迫吸收具有一定的效果。在受污染的土壤中以最佳剂量施用这些生物刺激剂可以提供一种可持续的、环保的方法，以提高作物产量，同时减少粮食作物中镉的积累。补充信息：在线版本包含补充资料，下载地址为10.1007/s12298-025-01625-y。

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来源期刊

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants PLANT SCIENCES-

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

126

期刊介绍： Founded in 1995, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (PMBP) is a peer reviewed monthly journal co-published by Springer Nature. It contains research and review articles, short communications, commentaries, book reviews etc., in all areas of functional plant biology including, but not limited to plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, molecular pathology, biophysics, cell and molecular biology, genetics, genomics and bioinformatics. Its integrated and interdisciplinary approach reflects the global growth trajectories in functional plant biology, attracting authors/editors/reviewers from over 98 countries.