THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS最新文献

{"title":"BLOCKCHAIN COMES TO UKRAINE","authors":"Yuriy Yekhanurov, D.Yu. Yekhanurov","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.42.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.42.2","url":null,"abstract":"he article considers the possibilities of the implementation of blockchain technologies to increase the competitiveness of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the problems and prospects for the introduction of blockchain technologies in Ukraine. The existing approaches to the legislative definition of the concept of cryptocurrencies are considered and systematized. The available proposals for defining the concept of such cryptocurrency in Ukraine, as well as differences in approaches are analyzed. Today, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine should choose the authority that will regulate the circulation of cryptocurrency in the country. The definition of such authority depends on the choice of approach to the interpretation of cryptocurrencies. If cryptocurrencies are recognized as a means of payment, they must be regulated by the National Bank of Ukraine, and if they are an asset, by the National Securities and Stock Market Commission. The potential consequences of each of the above decisions are analyzed. It is substantiated why cryptocurrencies should be treated as an asset. Variants of implementation of blockchain technologies after introduction of legislative changes are investigated. Further ways of the development of blockchain technologies in Ukraine are offered.\u0000\u0000Findings. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine needs to finalize the draft law №3637 \"On Virtual Assets\", which will designate the NSSMC as the body that regulates the circulation of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine. In further defining the legislative framework for the sector Verkhovna Rada should take into account the following recommendations:\u0000\u0000- not to prohibit and not to introduce excessive regulation of blockchain technologies;\u0000\u0000- not to provide amateurish and populist recommendations to business representatives;\u0000\u0000- not to put bold experiments on critical elements of the state infrastructure;\u0000\u0000- carefully study the initiatives of the Ministry of Finance, as this department managed to gather highly qualified specialists;\u0000\u0000- listen to the recommendation of a representative of the public, in particular to the representatives of Blockchain-Ukraine Association and the relevant parliamentary association in Verkhovna Rada.\u0000\u0000The complex world requires extraordinary efforts to find difficult solutions.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123065723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW","authors":"G. Lozova, V. Klymenko, I.V. Kozolianko","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.44.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.44.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the features and directions of digital transformation at the regional level in Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to study the concept of digital transformation; assessment of digital technologies in transport; analysis of Smart-city cases; development of measures for the digital transformation of the transport system of Ukraine at the regional level. In the process of research, the authors used dialectical and abstract-logical methods, which revealed the nature of digital transformation and identified its principles. The application of the logical method made it possible to enrich the scientific characteristics of the concept of \"digital transformation\". On the basis of systemic and synergistic approaches, directions for the implementation of digital technologies in transport were evaluated. Methods of analysis and synthesis were also applied to research the international practice of digitalization of the transport system at the regional level, as well as to develop proposals for the digital transformation of the transport sector in the regions of Ukraine. The concept of digital transformation in work is defined as a process based on a moving from traditional models, involves qualitative changes in business processes or ways of conducting economic activity, as a result of which digital technologies are implemented, which leads to significant socio-economic effects. The work noted that transport and logistics are the industries in which the economic effect of digital transformation is most tangible. The transport system is most receptive to the introduction of such digital technologies as: Internet of Things, unmanned and mobile technologies, identification technologies, blockchain, big data, paperless technologies, drones, robotic systems, artificial intelligence and neural networks. The cases of digital transformation of regions (EU and Canada) and the Smart City project, an integral component of which is transport, were analyzed in order to determine the possibilities of their implementation in Ukraine under martial law. A number of recommendations have been developed to ensure the digitization of the transport system of the regions of Ukraine and the directions for its implementation have been determined.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130560502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REGULATION OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC THE EXPERIENCE OF POLAND","authors":"O.G. Brintseva","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.42.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.42.13","url":null,"abstract":"The main factors that reduce the efficiency of the use of human capital in the socio-labor sphere are determined: socio-economic and political instability; shadowing of the economy; \"cheap labor\" policy; lack of a culture of investing in employee development, as well as systematic career planning; the need to adapt the labor market and employers to the conditions of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic, etc. The Polish experience in the regulation of the social and labor sphere, the reduction of asymmetries that determine the formation and use of unproductive forms of human capital is studied. The priority directions of its implementation are determined: de-shadowing of the economy through the introduction of a system of actions at the state level, which will increase social guarantees, increase the official size of the average wage, improve working conditions; implementation of anti-discrimination policy in the national labor market; increasing the level of social responsibility of employers; implementation of long-term strategies for professional development of employees; support for further development of digital competencies of employees; increasing the level of digitalization of business processes of enterprises; ensuring a balance between work and personal life; providing protection against cyber threats, etc.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115129082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF «ITELLIGENCE» DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"T. Kravchenko","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.44.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.44.17","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-crisis management of a consulting company is a key component of its strategic development. It is necessary to ensure stable operation and monitoring of the enterprise in the consulting market. The peculiarities of crisis management in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have been determined. The main factors and signs of the crisis were determined based on the diagnosis of crisis readiness indicators. Existing management models are not fully adapted to the current situation during a pandemic. That is why this article analyzed the current situation in the market of consulting services and, on the example of a particular company, examined the level of its sustainability, the impact of the pandemic on its financial performance and, as a result, the creating of relevant crisis plans, including short-term action, ensuring the survival and development of the organization in conditions of uncertainty. The financial condition and main areas of activity of the consulting company were analyzed. An analysis of the company's readiness for the crisis was carried out on the basis of the methodological tools of the EBRD Know-How Academy. The main problem areas are identified and we offer ways to minimize the negative consequences. Specific anti-crisis management measures are proposed. The result of this approach should be overcoming the crisis, assessing the effectiveness of crisis measures (projects) and, if necessary, the introduction of a permanent monitoring system for crisis phenomena in the organization. The implementation of the proposed anti-crisis management measures allows to minimize losses and ensure the continued existence and development of the company in the current crisis situation in the world.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131204389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON COMPETITION POLICY: WORLD’S PRACTICE AND UKRAINE","authors":"V. Kolosha","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2019.39.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2019.39.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines an impact of digitalization on modern competition policy. Author proves that a necessity to modify traditional instruments of competition policy is caused by such special features of economic rivalry at the digital markets as significant return on scale, network effects and growing importance of data.\u0000\u0000Author argues that competition authorities face challenges caused by digitalization at the almost all stages of determining of firm’s dominant position, especially in the case of determining of relevant market, its participants and estimation of their market share. Special issues of the activity of digital platforms as a key competition subjects at modern markets are analyzed. Author proves that in the most cases it is appropriate to consider each side of the platform as a separate market when the relevant market is determined. Determination of a single market of intermediation services is justified only if the single price is set for all platform clients and if there is the same degree of substitution of the services for each consumer group.\u0000\u0000The article shows that it is necessary to consider positive cross-group effect when SSNІP-test is used for economic analysis of digital platforms activity. The problems of evaluation of business platforms market share are exposed. Author argues that usage of revenues as a basis for market share calculation is not appropriate if platform sets zero-price. In this case market share should be calculated based on the number of user or intensity of usage. It is proven that the main criterion of competition policy efficiency – consumer welfare – should include not only the price but also such parameters as privacy, consumer choice, protection of personal data, switching costs.\u0000\u0000A necessity of modification of Ukrainian competition policy in response to challenges of digital era is proven.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133100731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFINITIVE ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL IMPERATIVES OF SOCIAL LABOR RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT","authors":"N. Nazarov","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.42.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.42.18","url":null,"abstract":"A definitive analysis of the essence of the concepts \"imperative\", \"institution\" and as well the identification of their key features of use and delineation of their clear boundaries, determined the essence of institutional imperatives. It is proved that institutional imperatives are obligatory, objectively determined principles of activity of institutions of social and labor sphere concerning its development, which reflects the interests of all subjects of social and labor relations. The imperatives are based on important patterns of formation and functioning of social development. It is substantiated that modern laws of global development form a \"new normality\" as an environment of transformational processes in the field of social and labor relations. Demographic processes have an extremely important influence: determining the number and dynamics of changes in human resources and labor mobility; globalization trends associated with the rapid development of the global information network, the processes of digitalization of public life, reducing the role of government in managing the national economy in general and social and labor relations in particular. Regularities and imperatives of development of social and labor relations in modern conditions and with definition of exogenous imperatives (global technical and economic innovations or administrative and organizational innovations) and endogenous imperatives (accumulation of human capital and development of human potential) are systematized. It is the concentration of attention on the study of institutional imperatives of modern social and labor relations that allows to determine the directions of development and causes of contradictions, their quantitative and qualitative manifestations and to identify positive and negative consequences of social tension in society.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114460650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORPORATE SECRETARY AND CORPORATE SECURITY IN WAR","authors":"D. Baiura","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.45.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.45.8","url":null,"abstract":"he article defines the special role of Corporate Secretary’s institute in increasing the effectiveness of communication between key participants in order to ensure corporate security for joint-stock companies. On the basis of a systemic approach and analysis of corporate practice, important and necessary changes in the institutional support for the functioning of the Corporate Secretary institute and the need for deepening digitalization of modern corporate communication regarding all types of economic activity of companies in conditions of aggression are emphasized. The study has confirmed that it is necessary to develop new tools for establishing corporate communication with key stakeholders of joint-stock companies – shareholders, management bodies, personnel, partners, state institutions and other stakeholders during the period of aggression. The formation of corporate security includes communication with all its constituents particularly in the field of economic, social, environmental, personnel and technical and technological security. In addition, during the period of digitalization of business processes, special attention should be paid to cyber security. The analysis of the actual specific problems of further transformation of the corporate governance system in Ukraine demonstrates the need for further scientific research on the development of the corporate secretary institute in the system of corporate business management bodies. The results of the study suggest that in the near future the role of the corporate secretary in ensuring the formation of effective corporate security at corporate-type enterprises will steadily increase. In our opinion, corporate security covers various types of security, including economic, social, and environmental.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133431267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CONCEPT OF THE RESILIENCY OF SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SHOCK DISTURBANCE","authors":"S. Burlutska, S. Burlutskyi, V. Margasova","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.45.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.45.1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the methodological and theoretical substantiation and practical verification of the feasibility of applying the concept of resilience to assess the impact of shocks on the supply subsystem of the Ukrainian national economy. The paper suggests that the supply subsystem of the national economy has resilience properties and can absorb shock disturbances through both static and adaptive mechanisms. At the theoretical level of research, it was proposed to distinguish between the dynamic and static components of the resilience of the socio-economic system. It has been found that the ability of a socioeconomic system to absorb shocks after a crisis can be an innate or adaptive quality. It is proposed to understand innate resilience as a systemic ability to withstand crises. At the same time, a set of additional efforts or measures forms adaptive resilience and determines the ability of the socioeconomic system to maintain its own functioning in crisis situations. It is shown that in the lack of adequate statistical information specifying the national economic output the empirical level of research can be based on quasi-indices of economic activity expectations. Based on this assumption, the study proposes the use of the business activity expectations index (BAEI) of the National Bank of Ukraine for indirect estimates of economic performance. It is determined that in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation, the national economy of Ukraine demonstrates a fairly significant static resilience with signs of relative recovery. At the same time, at the level of the supply subsystem, a trend of deployment of a long-term financial and economic crisis is being formed, both due to the loss of natural and produced capital, and the release of a significant amount of human capital from aggregate production. Medium- and short-term trends in the recovery of both business activity and the static resilience indicators are a sign of adaptive efforts on the part of the state and significant external financial support for Ukraine in 2022.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES","authors":"M. Sitnicki","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.42.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.42.4","url":null,"abstract":"he article develops the concept of strategic development management of research universities, which is based on the current challenges of the information society, which operates under the law of accelerated development in three main areas: the provision of educational services; R&D, training of researchers, scientific and information services; all other economic activities.\u0000\u0000Obtaining positive effects of strategic management is provided in: intellectualization of all types of economic activity and formation of knowledge economy: dominance of scientific and scientific-technical personnel in the structure of employees - 1/3 in the total number of employees in industry and 2/5 in the total number of employees in services; growth in the number of scientific organizations (more than 10 thousand), the number of researchers (more than 5 million people), the number of scientific and scientific-technical journals); massification of higher education: planetary growth in the number of universities (17 thousand) and the number of students (now almost 200 million people, by 2030 - more than 400 million people); internationalization: the emergence of world markets for educational services, scientific and technical information, IPR; formation of leading players in these markets (world-class universities, transnational publishing holdings, TNCs); growth in the number of international students (by 2025 - 7 million people); informatization and digitalization: distance education; electrification and digital transformation of scientific journals, scientific libraries, patenting; new organizations in the form of R&D (virtual teams, distributed research centers) and scientific communications (video conferencing, e-mail, placement of scientific papers on professional web pages) international scientometric databases MNBD Web of Science and Scopus; globalization: the emergence of global public goods; activities of international organizations (UN, UNESCO, World Bank, WIPO); deployment of global scientific information space; international co-authorship and foreign publications, academic mobility; formation of a global system for evaluating the publication activity of researchers and research organizations on the basis of MNBD; ranking of scientific organizations (World ranking of scientific organizations SIR) and universities (Reputational rating, Rating of world universities QS, Shanghai rating ARWU, Webometrics), etc.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"90 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129844626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TURKISH PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN A DECADE: AN APPRAISAL AND PROSPECTS","authors":"B. Acma, Tekang P. Kwachuh","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.42.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.42.14","url":null,"abstract":"The birth of nation-states after the Westphalian Treaty of 1648 signaled the dominance of states in international relations. The end of WW1 and especially WW2 precipitated a paradigm shift in global affairs with the world driven by superpower rivalry between the U.S and USSR in what became known as the Cold War. The birth of the modern-day Republic of Turkey in 1923 as a remnant of the defunct Ottoman Empire has emerged as one of the most successful states whose geostrategic position is a huge advantage in her public diplomacy, making maximum use of her soft power rather than hard power. This paper dwells on those institutions that are pivotal in catapulting Turkish public diplomacy specifically from 2010 to mid-2021. Also, this work sought to look at recent wins within 10 years of Turkish Public Diplomacy and it pays attention to the backlashes and prospects of Turkish Public Diplomacy. This paper found out that a significant institution heralding Turkey’s Public Diplomacy is the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the prestigious Turkish Government scholarship scheme stands out to be one of the big wins for Turkey. A huge deficit to Turkish Public Diplomacy hangs on insecurity across its borders. Lastly, an envisaged prospect can be spotted with the rising competitive nature of TRT World on the global media landscape. This paper concludes that Ankara’s public diplomacy would be more robust prior to the Centenary of its Independence in 2023 based on its institutions, recent gains and foreign policy goals. This article has penned down those institutions that are manning Turkish Public diplomacy such as YEI, TIKA, YTB etc., it made an appraisal on Turkish public diplomacy within a decade bringing to light past, contemporary gains and shortcomings as well. The paper then evolved around the prospects that await Turkish public diplomacy ahead of the 2023 Centenary Independence Celebration citing the role of TRT World as an important player in this expectation. It is pivotal to consider that for public diplomacy to be considered successful, soft power should be accompanied by economic prowess that will metamorphose into vibrant persuasive power. Within a decade, Turkish public diplomacy seems to have witnessed low and high tides however it keeps maturing as the years unfold. There is no doubt that the JDP leadership, institutions and actors in Ankara’s public diplomacy initiative from 2010 should be applauded for haven nurtured and implemented its public diplomacy after ascending power not focusing solely on the Middle East but has mapped out other regions globally, harvesting excellent results and off course thanks to the “Strategic Depth” Doctrine of Foreign Minister Davutoglu that Turkey has now mastered the public diplomacy terrain and has a great interest page in dominating global public diplomacy arena with little or no resistance from other states, particularly in an unpredictable MENA Region.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127911687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}