B. Kim, I. Liu, H. Luan, M. Gardner, J. Fulford, D. Kwong
{"title":"Impact of boron penetration on gate oxide reliability and device lifetime in p/sup +/-poly PMOSFETs","authors":"B. Kim, I. Liu, H. Luan, M. Gardner, J. Fulford, D. Kwong","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584275","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of boron penetration on device performance and reliability of p/sup +/-poly PMOSFETs was investigated in a wide RTA drive-in temperature range. High RTA drive-in temperature reduces the poly-depletion effect in NMOSFETs while causing significant boron-penetration induced mobility degradation in PMOSFETs, leading to difficulty in I/sub d,sat/ optimization for a dual-gate CMOS process. Moreover, boron penetration enhances charge trapping in the oxide and interface state generation at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface under F-N stress. The impact of this degradation mode on gate oxide reliability and device lifetime in the PMOSFETs is systematically demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114679785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlations between initial via resistance and reliability performance","authors":"C. Graas, H. A. Le, T.A. Rosi","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584233","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated stressing and electromigration (EM) testing were conducted on W-plug via chains and Van der Pauw structures respectively. These populations were chosen to include a wide distribution of initial resistances R/sub 0/. The high-end of the R/sub 0/ distribution exhibited a higher early failure rate and a higher spread in EM time-to-fail distribution. Processes which produce tightly controlled time-zero via resistance distributions are more desirable for via reliability.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117133205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahui Wang, L. Chiang, T. Chang, N. Zous, K. Y. Shen, C. Huang
{"title":"A new technique to measure an oxide trap density in a hot carrier stressed n-MOSFET","authors":"Tahui Wang, L. Chiang, T. Chang, N. Zous, K. Y. Shen, C. Huang","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584276","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed a new measurement technique to characterize the hot carrier stress generated oxide traps in a n-MOSFET by measuring subthreshold current. In this technique, a specially designed measurement consisting of a series of oxide charge detrapping and subthreshold current measurement phases was performed. An analytical model accounting for the temporal evolution of subthreshold current due to oxide charge detrapping was derived. Our study shows that this method is extremely sensitive to an oxide charge variation. By using this method, the oxide trap growth rates by hot electron stress and hot hole stress were measured.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Scarpulla, J. Dunkley, S. Lemke, E. Sabin, M. Young
{"title":"Maximum safe reverse emitter voltage in bipolar transistors for reliable 10 year operation","authors":"J. Scarpulla, J. Dunkley, S. Lemke, E. Sabin, M. Young","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584231","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar transistors used in applications such as read/write amplifiers are subjected to reverse emitter-base stress. This stress degrades the current gain of the transistor which ultimately can lead to circuit failure. We have developed a method by which an acceptable level of degradation may be specified based upon circuit considerations. A statistical model is then used to determine the maximum allowed emitter base reverse stress voltage. The model allows the specification of the allowed fraction of failures (for example, 1000 ppm) after a specified time (for example, 10 years). The derivation of the statistical model and its application to two types of bipolar transistors are shown.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjie Jiang, H. Le, S. Dao, S.A. Kim, B. Stine, J. E. Chung, Yu-Jen Wu, P. Bendix, S. Prasad, A. Kapoor, T. Kopley, T. Dungan, I. Manna, P. Marcoux, Lifeng Wu, A. Chen, Zhihong Liu
{"title":"Key hot-carrier degradation model calibration and verification issues for accurate AC circuit-level reliability simulation","authors":"Wenjie Jiang, H. Le, S. Dao, S.A. Kim, B. Stine, J. E. Chung, Yu-Jen Wu, P. Bendix, S. Prasad, A. Kapoor, T. Kopley, T. Dungan, I. Manna, P. Marcoux, Lifeng Wu, A. Chen, Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584278","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides necessary degradation model calibration and evaluation guidelines required to enable more consistent and effective use of hot-carrier reliability simulation tools. Benchmark results provide strong verification that the AC degradation models are generally accurate if properly calibrated; however, SPICE modeling errors, secondary physical mechanisms and statistical parameter variation are found to impact the simulated results as much as differences in the circuit design itself.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123285273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. La Rosa, F. Guarín, S. Rauch, A. Acovic, J. Lukaitis, E. Crabbé
{"title":"NBTI-channel hot carrier effects in PMOSFETs in advanced CMOS technologies","authors":"G. La Rosa, F. Guarín, S. Rauch, A. Acovic, J. Lukaitis, E. Crabbé","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584274","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the reliability of a 0.35 /spl mu/m p+ poly-gate pMOSFET CMOS technology under conductive channel hot carrier conditions is investigated. It is found that at any bias and temperature condition applied, the degradation of sufficiently short channel length (Leff/spl sime/0.14 um) devices results in a reduction in drive current due to the impact of donor type interface trap generation and positive charge formation during the stress. At these dimensions the degradation is controlled by a contribution of both Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and Channel Hot Carrier (CHC) mechanism. We will show the role that each of these two mechanisms play in determining the shift of typical device parameters. A methodology to decouple the two effects is also provided allowing to quantify each contribution separately at any bias and temperature condition. A conductive CHC model that takes into account the impact of both mechanisms to the device lifetime at the worst observed degradation condition (Vg=Vd) is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114265800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonghan Kim, Jungdal Choi, W. Shin, Dong Jun Kim, H. Kim, K. M. Mang, Sunghoon Ahn, O. Kwon
{"title":"Scaling down of tunnel oxynitride in NAND flash memory: oxynitride selection and reliabilities","authors":"Jonghan Kim, Jungdal Choi, W. Shin, Dong Jun Kim, H. Kim, K. M. Mang, Sunghoon Ahn, O. Kwon","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584220","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of a manufacturable furnace-grown oxynitride process and reliability issues of the scaled tunnel oxide are examined. As the oxide thickness is scaled down, the cycling endurance, read life time and program disturb characteristics in a NAND flash memory with the tunnel oxynitride are improved compared to the conventional dry oxide.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122102750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong-Kwan Kim, Seong-Hyung Park, Young-Jong Lee, Y. Sung
{"title":"Latchup characterization of high energy ion implanted new CMOS twin wells that comprised the BILLI (buried implanted layer for lateral isolation) and BL/CL (buried layer/connecting layer) structures","authors":"Jong-Kwan Kim, Seong-Hyung Park, Young-Jong Lee, Y. Sung","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584285","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the latchup characteristics of various CMOS well structures possible with high energy ion implantation processes, including conventional retrograde well, BILLI well and BL/CL structure. We also compare those characteristics with conventional diffused wells in bulk and retrograde wells with STI isolation technology. We show DC latchup characterization results that allow us to evaluate each technology and suggest guidelines for the optimization of latchup hardness.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129893950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gate stack reliability improvements using controlled ambient processing","authors":"K. Schuegraf, R. Thakur, R. Weirner","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584218","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of ambient control in critical front-end processes. Gate-oxide reliability improvements and device implications for advanced sub-micron applications are described. Such processing limits exposure of wafers to clean-room air and promises reliability improvements, particularly where bare silicon or critical films are present on the wafer surface. Specifically, the benefits of environmental control between gate pre-clean and gate oxidation, gate oxidation and polysilicon deposition, and silicide deposition and annealing are presented.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121187729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Campbell, K. Peterson, D. Fleetwood, J. Soden
{"title":"Effects of focused ion beam irradiation on MOS transistors","authors":"A. N. Campbell, K. Peterson, D. Fleetwood, J. Soden","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584241","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of irradiation from a focused ion beam (FIB) system on MOS transistors are reported systematically for the first time. Three MOS transistor technologies, with 0.5, 1, and 3 /spl mu/m minimum feature sizes and with gate oxide thicknesses ranging from 11 to 50 nm, were analyzed. Significant shifts in transistor parameters (such as threshold voltage, transconductance, and mobility) were observed following irradiation with a 30 keV Ga/sup +/ focused ion beam with ion doses varying by over 5 orders of magnitude. The apparent damage mechanism (which involved the creation of interface traps, oxide trapped charge, or both) and extent of damage were different for each of the three technologies investigated.","PeriodicalId":193458,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 35th Annual","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126428868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}