Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Development of empirical anti-inflammatory diet index: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Joanna Kaluza, Lisa Hellerström, Daniel Kaluza, Abbas Chabok, Agneta Åkesson, Karl Michaëlsson, Alicja Wolk","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01165-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01165-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is evidence that some foods and dietary patterns may influence low-grade inflammation status. We aimed to develop a user-friendly empirical Anti-inflammatory Diet Index (eADI) that predicts low-grade chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study of 4,432 men (aged 74 ± 6 years) from the Cohort of Swedish Men-Clinical, inflammatory status was assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2). Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The eADI was developed in a randomly chosen Discovery group (n = 2,216) using a 10-fold feature selection with filtering (based on Lasso regression) to select food groups most correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. From the selected foods, the eADI was then constructed based on summed scores of the consumption tertiles (corresponding to 0, 0.5, and 1 point). Next, in the Replication group (n = 2,216), the association of eADI with inflammatory biomarkers was examined using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>eADI-17 included 17 food groups (11 with anti-inflammatory, 6 with pro-inflammatory potential). In the Replication group, the median of eADI-17 was 9 (range: 2-16) scores and the Spearman correlation coefficients for eADI-17 vs. hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 were -0.17, -0.23, -0.28, and -0.26, respectively. Each increment by 4.5-point eADI-17 (2 SD) was associated with concentrations that were 12% lower for hsCRP, 6% lower for IL-6, 8% lower for TNF-R1, and 9% lower for TNF-R2. These results obtained for the Replication group were robust as they were essentially the same as those of the Discovery group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The eADI-17 is a validated, robust and user-friendly anti-inflammatory diet index developed to predict low-grade chronic inflammation. This index has the potential to further refine future dietary guidelines and to be used in personalized nutrition. However, its predictive validity should be further evaluated in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary inflammatory index with dyslipidemia and atherogenic indices in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study from the PERSIAN dena cohort.","authors":"Mehrdad Behzadi, Mohammad-Reza Jowshan, Shiva Shokri, Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki, Farshad Amirkhizi, Mohammad-Vesal Bideshki, Javad Harooni, Somayyeh Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01158-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01158-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that can lead to various chronic diseases. Anti-inflammatory diets may help prevent dyslipidemia; however, the evidence remains inconsistent. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and dyslipidemia, as well as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was done among 3,178 Iranian adults aged 35-70 years who had resided in Dena County, Iran, for a minimum of nine months each year. Demographic data were collected from all participants, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured for each subject using standardized methods. Dietary intake was assessed using 113-item and 127-item Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) to calculate the DII.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant trend was observed indicating increasing serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.002), along with decreasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.024), as the DII quartiles elevated. Similarly, a significant association was found between higher DII scores and increased ratios of LDL/HDL (P < 0.001), TC/HDL (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C (P = 0.03) in the serum. Furthermore, higher DII scores were linked to increased odds of hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.3, P = 0.032), high LDL-C (OR = 1.31, P = 0.036), low-HDL-C (OR = 1.31, P = 0.006), high-TC/HDL-C (OR = 1.15, P = 0.016) ratio, and high-AIP (OR = 1.35, P = 0.001) values after adjusting for confounders. Nonetheless, no significant association was found between the DII score and the serum levels of TG, nor with the odds of having hypertriglyceridemia or a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that higher DII scores are associated with higher AIP values and lipid biomarker levels, except for triglycerides. However, prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials testing anti-inflammatory diets (e.g., Mediterranean adaptations for Iran) are needed to establish causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar body composition outcomes following volumetric diet and time-restricted eating in middle-aged individuals: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Alicia Cloos, Stephan Geisler, Eduard Isenmann","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01167-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01167-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Overweight and obesity are increasing global challenges associated with severe health risks. Lifestyle factors like easy access to high-caloric foods and a decrease in physical activity contribute to weight gain. The increase in fat mass (FM) and decrease in lean body mass (LBM) are supported by age-related changes in body composition by the age of 30. Two dietary strategies, the volumetrics diet (VD) and time-restricted eating (TRE), have shown promise in achieving sustainable loss of body weight (BW) and FM without requiring food group exclusions or portion reductions. This study aimed to compare the impact of VD and TRE on body composition parameters and their adherence rate in middle-aged normal-weight to overweight physically active people over 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, 37 physically active participants were allocated to either VD or TRE (VD: n = 21, age: 39.48 ± 8.83 years, body mass index (BMI): 25,38 ± 4.37 kg/m²; TRE: n = 16, age: 42.06 ± 8.47, BMI: 26.38 ± 2.81 kg/m²). Participants followed their assigned dietary strategy for 12 weeks while documenting their daily food intake using the FDDB app. Adherence to the diets was self-reported weekly. The VD group consumed meals with an energy density ≤ 1.5 kcal/g and the TRE group restricted calorie intake to an 8-hour window (11:30 AM-7:30 PM). Measurements of BW, FM, LBM, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were taken at baseline (T0) and after 4 (T1), 8 (T2) and 12 weeks (T3). Statistical analysis included linear mixed-effect models to compare time, group and interaction effects on body composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both VD and TRE groups showed significant reductions in BW (p = 0.0002; d = 0.61), absolute FM (p < 0.0001; d = 0.85), relative FM (p < 0.0001; d = 0.84), BMI (p = 0.0001; d = 0.60), WC (p < 0.0001; d = 0.92), HC (p = 0.003; d = 0.51) and WHR (p < 0.0001; d = 0.90) after 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between groups or in interaction effects for these parameters. Both groups maintained LBM throughout the intervention. Adherence rates were significantly higher in TRE (5.78 ± 1.13 days/week) compared to VD (5.29 ± 1.49 days/week; p = 0.0002). Adherence declined over time in both groups but not significantly. Dietary analysis showed no significant differences in energy and macronutrient intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VD led to the same results as TRE but with a significantly lower adherence rate in the 12-week intervention period. Both dietary approaches reduced BW and FM and maintained LBM in middle-aged, physically active individuals without changing physical activity levels. Therefore, VD and TRE may counteract age-related body composition changes as long-term measures. Further studies with larger samples and a longer study duration are needed to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Registration number: ","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint association of the newly proposed dietary index for gut microbiota and sleep disorders with survival among US adult population with diabetes and pre-diabetes.","authors":"Ke Si, Chuanqin Shi, Yajing Huang, Chuanfeng Liu, Jingwei Chi, Lili Xu, Ying Chen, Yangang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01162-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01162-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet and sleep disorders are associated with risks of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed index designed to assess dietary quality associated with maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. The authors aim to investigate the separate and joint prognostic effect of DI-GM and sleep disorders on the survival of US population with diabetes and pre-diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 at baseline linked to the 2019 National Death Index records. Dietary recall data were collected to calculate the DI-GM and sleep disorders were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. The Cox proportional hazard model were used to evaluate the associations between separate and joint prognostic effects of DI-GM and sleep disorders with mortality outcomes among diabetic and pre-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10718 Participants with diabetes and pre-diabetes were ultimately included in this study (weighted population: 67,232,394, weighted mean age [SE]: 57.0 [0.1] years; weighted female proportion: 51.8%). Among these participants, higher DI-GM was more prevalent in those without sleep disorders. During the median follow-up of 13.3 years, 1448 deaths occurred, including 346 participants died from cancer, and 367 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD)..Multivariable models indicated that the joint effects of DI-GM (≥ 6) and no sleep disorders were associated with lower risks for all-cause (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.38-0.79) and CVD mortality (HR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19-0.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a nationally representative sample of US population with diabetes and pre-diabetes, high DI-GM combined with no sleep disorders was associated with significantly reduced all-cause and CVD mortality risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite dietary antioxidant index is nonlinearly associated with low muscle mass in the general US population: findings from NHANES 2001-2018.","authors":"Miaohong Wang, Huan Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01166-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01166-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress is a risk factor for the development of low muscle mass. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a recently developed tool for comprehensively assessing dietary antioxidant exposure. We aimed to explore the association of the CDAI with low muscle mass in the general U.S.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were individuals aged ≥ 20 years who completed the NHANES from 2001 to 2006 and 2011-2018. The CDAI was assessed by 24-h dietary recall, which integrated the dietary intake levels of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids. Low muscle mass was diagnosed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria and defined as an appendicular lean mass/body mass index of < 0.789 in men or < 0.521 in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations of the CDAI and its components with low muscle mass.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15,907 participants were included. The prevalence of low muscle mass was 7.985%. After adjusting for all confounders, the CDAI was found to be significantly associated with the odds of low muscle mass (odds ratio [OR] = 0.928, p < 0.0001). Compared with Q1, the CDAI values at Q2, Q3, and Q4 were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of low muscle mass (p for trend < 0.0001). Higher intake levels of individual CDAI components were associated with a lower prevalence of low muscle mass. Threshold effect analysis revealed that a CDAI ≤ -2.85 was not associated with the odds of low muscle mass (p = 0.1564), while a CDAI > -2.85 was negatively associated with low muscle mass (OR = 0.92, p < 0.0001). Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption significantly moderated this association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to an antioxidant diet is associated with low muscle mass among the general U.S. adult population, especially among individuals who maintain a favourable lifestyle. These findings should be further validated in cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher dietary insulinemic potential is associated with kidney stones: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.","authors":"Bao Zhang, Mengsha Tang, Xiude Li","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01163-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01163-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin response may significantly contribute to the formation of kidney stones. Diets can modulate the insulin response and we hypothesize that high insulinemic potential diets may increase the kidney stones risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diets were assessed by 24-hour dietary recall. Two empirical dietary indices for insulin resistance (EDIR) and hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) were used to reflect the dietary insulinemic potential. Diagnosis of kidney stones was based on self-report. Logistic regression was employed to calculate ORs and 95% CIs while adjusting for variables identified through a directed acyclic graph (DAG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher EDIR [OR_{Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1} = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.13-1.53); OR_{Per-standard deviation increase}= 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05-1.18); p_trend = 0.001] and EDIH [OR_{Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1} = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.08-1.47); OR_{Per-standard deviation increase}= 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04-1.16); p_trend = 0.001] scores were both positively associated with kidney stones. The conclusion remains unchanged in the sensitivity analysis after adjusting for potential mediating factors that were identified from the DAG, including BMI, hypertension, and diabetes. Subgroup analysis showed that results in most subgroups were consistent with the main analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that the insulinemic potential of diet may partly underlie the influence of dietary patterns on kidney stones, emphasizing the importance of avoiding dietary patterns with insulinemic potential.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide as a novel predictor for adverse cardiovascular events after PCI: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Chunyu Zhang, Jinyu He, Yujia Huo, Lin Liu, Yong Xie, Yufei Meng, Gang Wei, Li Deng, Yang Jiang, Jian Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01159-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01159-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) being particularly fatal. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a key treatment for ACS; however, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) frequently occur postoperatively. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, has been proposed as an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to systematically evaluate TMAO's predictive value for MACE post-PCI and explore its dose-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library), including retrospective or prospective cohort studies involving patients undergoing PCI. The primary outcome was MACE, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. A dose-response analysis was conducted using a restricted cubic spline model to explore potential nonlinear associations between TMAO levels and outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and the I² statistic. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies (comprising 13 independent cohorts) with 11,279 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed a significant association between elevated plasma TMAO levels and an increased risk of MACE after PCI (HR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.68-2.35, 95%PI: 1.64-2.40, I² = 0%, p < 0.00001). Similarly, elevated plasma TMAO levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality after PCI (HR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.32-2.35, 95%PI: 0.79-3.90, I² = 65.1%, p < 0.00001). The dose-response analysis did not reveal a nonlinear relationship between TMAO and MACE or all-cause mortality. The linear model showed that each 1 µmol/L increase in plasma TMAO was associated with an 8.95% increased hazard of MACE (HR = 1.0895, 95%CI: 1.03-1.15), while all-cause mortality increased by 4% (HR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.99-1.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that elevated plasma TMAO levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE and all-cause mortality after PCI, with a dose-dependent effect on MACE risk. As a potential biomarker, TMAO may be used to predict the risk of adverse cardiovascular events after PCI, and future studies should further validate its clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42024557486.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization study of micronutrients and development of CKD in a Korean population.","authors":"Juyeon Lee, Sangjun Lee, Kook-Hwan Oh, Sue K Park","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01160-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01160-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although dietary intake is a key modifiable risk factor in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the optimal consumption levels to prevent CKD and the intake levels that pose the least risk remain unclear. Building on the findings from our previous cohort study, this research aims to use genetic variants as instrumental variables to clarify the complex relationship between micronutrient status and the pathogenesis of CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 5,078 participants with a baseline estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m² and who were not diagnosed with CKD, we ascertained 708 new CKD cases over 12 year follow-up periods. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using genetic instrumental variables to examine the causal relationships between dietary micronutrients (Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, B6 and C) levels and the development of CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Mendelian randomization study, using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) radial method, dietary vitamin B6 (β = -4.016, p-value = 8.72E-05) and C (β = 2.573, p = 1.41E-05) intake levels demonstrated significant associations with the development of CKD. However, there was no significant association observed for dietary phosphorus and vitamin B2 intake levels with the development of CKD (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a weak causal link to genetically predicted levels of vitamins B6 and C on CKD development. Given potential residual pleiotropy and biological limitations, findings should be cautiously interpreted yet highlight the possible role of balanced micronutrient intake in kidney health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight-adjusted waist index and deficit accumulation frailty trajectories in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Peng Zeng, Cheng Jiang, Han Yin, Mengyuan Zhou, Huijie He, Da Yin, Feng Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01153-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01153-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous studies indicated that obesity defined by BMI accelerate frailty, but this effect weakens when stratified by metabolic status. The Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI), a better indicator of central obesity, may provide a more accurate measurement. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the impact of WWI on frailty progression and compare its effects across different metabolic statuses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 10,440 participants aged 45 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).The Frailty Index (FI) was derived from 32 health deficits. K-means clustering identified three trajectories for WWI or BMI: stable low, stable moderate, and stable high. Longitudinal associations were assessed using Accelerated Failure Time and linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each Standard deviation (SD) increment in WWI was linked to a faster onset of frailty [Time ratio (TR) = 0.899; 95% CI 0.872 to 0.926; p < 0.001] and accelerated FI progression (β = 0.186/year; 95% CI 0.152 to 0.220/year; p < 0.001). For BMI, each SD increment was associated with a shorter time to frailty onset (TR = 0.943; 95% CI 0.917 to 0.970; p < 0.001), which was positively correlated with the accelerated FI, but this estimate is imprecise. Smooth curve fitting revealed a dose-response relationship between WWI and FI and a U-shaped relationship between BMI and FI. In WWI trajectories, stable moderate, and stable high groups presented shorter frailty onset time and accelerated FI progression. For BMI trajectories, only the stable high group was associated with frailty progression in participants without baseline underweight. Stratified analysis showed that the association between WWI and FI progression remained consistent across different metabolic statuses, while the association between BMI and FI progression was weakened in all subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WWI accelerates the progression of frailty,and remains consistent across different metabolic statuses, unlike BMI. This indicates that WWI may better capture obesity-related frailty risk, emphasizing the role of central obesity in frailty assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate the risk of age-related ocular diseases: insights from a large-scale prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhiqian Huang, Shuyu Liu, Chao Chen, Keke Zhang, Yu Du, Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01156-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01156-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigations into the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of age-related ocular diseases have yielded inconsistent results. Thus, we aimed to provide robust longitudinal evidence, identify optimal serum thresholds, and explore the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data of 322,953 participants from the UK Biobank. The serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Outcomes were incidences of cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Nonlinear relationships were explored using restricted cubic splines, and mediation analyses were performed to delineate potential mechanistic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed U-shaped associations for cataract and AMD, and L-shaped associations for DR (all P < 0.05), with an optimal threshold of approximately 50 nmol/L, while no association with POAG was observed. Below this threshold, each 10 nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration was linked to a 3.5%, 4.2%, and 6.0% reduction in the risk of cataract, AMD, and DR, respectively (HR 0.965 [95% CI 0.951-0.980]; HR 0.958 [95% CI 0.921-0.997]; HR 0.940 [95% CI 0.894-0.989], respectively), while above 50 nmol/L, no significant protective effects were observed. Mediation analyses revealed that the low-grade inflammation score and triglyceride-glucose index may mediate the effects of serum 25(OH)D on cataract and DR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified 50 nmol/L as the optimal serum 25(OH)D threshold for reducing risks of cataract, AMD and DR, with no benefits beyond this level. The protective effects may be mediated through modulation of inflammation and glucolipid metabolism pathways. The threshold effects highlight the importance of targeted vitamin D supplementation under careful monitoring of serum levels to optimize ocular health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}