Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Development and application of a healthy plant content estimation algorithm for Australian packaged foods.","authors":"Daisy H Coyle, Allison Gaines, Tazman Davies, Gary Sacks, Alexandra Jones, Bridget Kelly Gillott, Caroline Miller, Nadine Ghammachi, Kylie Howes, Eden M Barrett, Simone Pettigrew","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01305-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01305-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: High intakes of red and processed meat, trans fats, sodium and low intakes of fibre and minimally processed plant foods such as wholegrains, fruits, nuts, seeds, and vegetables are major dietary risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases. Despite the acknowledged health and environmental benefits of many plant foods, consumers lack accessible tools to identify the healthy plant content of packaged foods. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for predicting levels of healthy plant content of packaged foods (namely fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole-grains, nuts and seeds, while excluding oils, ultra-processed ingredients, and plant ingredients with high levels of sugar, such as dried fruit, fruit and vegetable juices, pastes, purees and gels) and to apply this algorithm to the Australian packaged food supply. METHODS: A five-step method of estimating plant content was developed and applied to 19,269 packaged foods in the 2022 Australian FoodSwitch database. This database contains nutrition composition data for products available in-store across major supermarkets in Australia. The mean (SD) plant content was calculated for different food categories within the food supply and across each of the plant components. RESULTS: In total, 1154 unique ingredients were identified in the packaged food sample, 38.4% of which contained healthy plant content. The mean weight of healthy plant content was 24.6 g/100 g (range 0–100 g/100 g). This was mostly driven by vegetable content (10.0 g/100 g, 40.7% of the total weight), followed by nuts/seeds (5.2 g/100 g, 21.1%), whole-grains (3.9 g/100 g, 15.9%), fruit (3.1 g/100 g, 12.6%) and legumes (2.4 g/100 g, 9.8%). Categories with the highest mean healthy plant content included ‘fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes’ (66.7 (34.1)g/100 g), ‘snack foods’ (43.4 (29.5)g/100 g), and ‘sauces, dressings, spreads, and dips’ (36.0 (34.3)g/100 g). There was wide variation in the healthy plant content within food categories (e.g., 0.0 g to 78.4 g/100 g for ‘cereal and grain products’). CONCLUSIONS: The healthy plant content of packaged food in Australia varies substantially between and within product categories. This suggests the potential utility of this algorithm for providing consumers with key information to make healthier and more sustainable food choices. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of nighttime fasting duration, breakfast time and dinner time with healthy aging in Chinese older adults: a cross‑sectional study.","authors":"Jiaming Fang, Liuhong Tian, Lingfang Wang, Jinghai Li, Shulei Chen, Xiaodan Kuang, Weihong Lin, Hongying Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01317-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01317-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Proper eating/fasting cycle can regulate circadian rhythms, thereby influencing metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, and cognitive function. However, its association with overall health remains understudied. This study aimed to explore the relationship between nighttime fasting duration (NFD), breakfast time, dinner time and healthy aging among Chinese older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and December 2023, involving 947 older adults aged 60 years and above from various socioeconomic regions in China. Data on NFD and meal timing were obtained through a validated dietary behavior questionnaire. Healthy aging was defined as free of major chronic diseases, no limitation in physical function, no cognitive impairment, and no depressive symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the NFD, breakfast time and dinner time, and healthy aging. RESULTS: A total of 901 participants were included, with a median age of 69.00 years (IQR: 64.50, 74.00) and 56.60% being female. Of these, 29.86% met the criteria for healthy aging. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between NFD and healthy aging (P nonlinear = 0.001). Compared to participants with 13 h ≤ NFD<14 h, those with NFD<12 h, 14 h ≤ NFD<15 h, and NFD≥15 h had lower odds of healthy aging, with adjusted ORs of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.93), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.95), and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.77), respectively. A similar inverted U-shaped association was found for both breakfast time (P nonlinear = 0.028) and dinner time (P nonlinear = 0.007). Compared with participants who had breakfast 6:00–7:00, those who had breakfast before 6:00 or after 7:00 had lower odds of healthy aging, with adjusted ORs of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.98), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.40), respectively. Compared with participants who had dinner 17:00–18:00, those who had dinner before 17:00 or after 18:00 had lower odds of healthy aging, with adjusted ORs of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.23, 1.00), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.82), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal circadian-related eating patterns, specifically a nighttime fasting duration of 13h to < 14 h, breakfast between 6:00 and 7:00, and dinner between 17:00 and 18:00, were associated with the highest odds of healthy aging among Chinese older adults. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cow's milk compared to oat drink and its implications for lipid profile- a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Hanne Rosendahl-Riise, Eline Olsen Gravrok, Sarah Louise Rung, Jutta Dierkes, Inger Aakre","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01314-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01314-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent dietary trend involves replacing cow’s milk with plant-based drink alternatives. This shift is motivated by the perception that plant-based options are healthier and more environmentally sustainable. One of the most popular options is oat drink; however, the health effects of consuming oat drink as a replacement for cow’ s milk are not well studied. The EFSA health claims state that beta-glucans in oat drink have beneficial effects on cholesterol; however, consumption of oat drink at doses aligned with food-based guidelines for milk and dairy products has not been examined in real-world scenarios.Thus, the primary goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of consuming 600 mL of oat drink daily versus 600 mL of cow’s milk daily over four weeks on blood lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) in healthy young women in a real-world setting. A four-week, open-label, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted on women aged 18–40 years who habitually drink cow’s milk. Participants were randomized 1:1 to consume either 600 mL/day of oat drink or 600 mL/day of semi-skimmed cow’s milk. Two baseline visits were conducted before the intervention, during which informed consent, anthropometric measurements, 24-hour recalls, and blood samples were collected. During the intervention, participants recorded their milk intake in compliance diaries. Two final visits were held at the end of the study, where dietary recalls, anthropometry, and blood samples were repeated.Of the 33 women enrolled, 32 completed the trial. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups, including age (median 23 years), BMI (median 22. 9 kg/m ²), and dietary intake. Over the four weeks, the oat drink group experienced a significant reduction in mean total cholesterol (-0.3 mmol/L (95% CI 0.6 to 0.0; p = 0.026) and LDL-cholesterol (–0.4 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.6 to − 0. 2; p = 0.002), compared to the cow’ s milk control group. No differences were observed between the groups in HDL- cholesterol, or triglycerides.In conclusion, these results indicate that replacing cow’s milk with oat drink may lead to modest reductions in total and LDL‑cholesterol over four weeks in healthy young women under real-world conditions. The compliance and feasibility of this effectiveness study were good, with high compliance rates. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06764173.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of multiple whole blood metals with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure among general Chinese adults.","authors":"Yurong Xiong, Jiajing Xu, Jingyi Wang, Ruikun He, Mengyan Hu, An Pan, Limiao Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01271-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01271-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Epidemiological associations between multiple metals exposure and hypertension or blood pressure remain limited and inconclusive, especially for essential metals. This investigation intended to examine the individual and collective effects of multiple metals on hypertension and blood pressure in general Chinese adults. METHODS: Whole blood levels of 8 essential metals and 3 nonessential metals were determined via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 867 adults from Shiyan, China. Multivariable logistic/linear regression, restricted cubic spline regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were employed for exploring associations of individual metals or metal mixtures with hypertension prevalence and blood pressures. RESULTS: In total, 239 participants (29.5%) were identified as being hypertensive. Multivariable logistic regression models indicated that magnesium and iron were positively, while calcium was inversely, associated with hypertension prevalence, with odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.36, 3.54), 2.70 (1.62, 4.50), and 0.58 (0.35, 0.94) respectively for extreme-tertile comparisons. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive association of iron with mean arterial pressure, showing a β (95% CI) of 2.70 (0.88, 4.51) for extreme-tertile comparison. Both WQS regression and BKMR models demonstrated a positive collective effect of eleven metals on hypertension, with magnesium and iron being the top contributors. The WQS regression model also showed a positive combined effect of metal mixtures on systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure. BKMR analyses further indicated that the eight essential metals presented a stronger association with hypertension or blood pressure than the three nonessential metals. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated positive associations between multiple metals (individually or collectively) and hypertension or blood pressure among general Chinese adults, with essential metals magnesium and/or iron as major contributors. It may present useful epidemiological evidence on the pathogenesis and prevention of hypertension. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the web-based dietary assessment tool (RiksmatenFlex) against doubly labelled water and 24-h dietary recalls in Swedish pre-school children.","authors":"Anna Karin Lindroos, Jessica Petrelius Sipinen, Jennifer Rood, Marie Löf, Hanna Augustin, Michael Hoppe, Lotta Moraeus","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01315-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01315-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RiksmatenFlex, a Swedish' web-based dietary assessment method, has previously been validated in adolescents and pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate RiksmatenFlex in preschool children by comparing energy intake with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, by comparing reported intakes of energy, foods, macro- and micronutrients with 24-h dietary recall interviews, and by assessing the parents' perceptions of reporting their child's dietary intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 94 healthy children, 37 ± 15 months old, 51% girls, recruited through advertisements (preschools/social media). Energy, selected nutrient and food group intakes were assessed using RiksmatenFlex as a food diary and 24-h dietary recall interviews. TEE (DLW) was measured in a subsample of 37 children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average energy intake was overestimated by RiksmatenFlex compared to TEE (796 kJ; 21%; P < 0.001) in the subsample. The Bland-Altman plot showed wide limits of agreement (± 1797 kJ), and bias towards overreporting at higher intake levels (r = 0.34; P = 0.038). Energy intake and absolute intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium (also energy standardised) and fruit-vegetables (combined) were significantly higher with RiksmatenFlex than with the 24-h dietary recalls. Other nutrient and food group intakes were fairly similar with the two methods. Spearman rank correlations ranged from 0.73 (wholegrains) to 0.98 (baby foods). Agreement between the two methods was substantial (K_W>0.61) for most dietary variables, but not wholegrains, and proportion of energy from macronutrients (K_W 0.50-0.60). Parents found reporting food intake in RiksmatenFlex easy, with most preferring on-line reporting over interviews.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed reasonable validity in young children and the method was well accepted by parents. These finding support its application in large-scale studies of young children, though potential overreporting of energy intake warrants attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INulin-type β-fructans supplementation to modulate gut microbiota and assessment of its effects on health status and GUT-SKIN axis parameters in patients with psoriasis (INGUTSKIN): the 8-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study protocol.","authors":"Urszula Krupa-Kozak, Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek, Ewa Lange, Małgorzata Starowicz, Marta Kopcewicz, Paulina Kęszycka, Joanna Czerwińska, Joanna Rybak-d'Obyrn, Michał Oczkowski, Julien De Biasi, Karolina Bieglecka, Maja Kleniewska, Natalia Bączek, Jadwiga Małkowska, Krzysztof Pastuszak","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01316-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01316-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: A strong, bidirectional association exists between gastrointestinal health and skin homeostasis in many chronic skin inflammations, including psoriasis (PS). It is postulated that, apart from genetic predisposition, the rise of local and systemic immune response in PS could be a consequence of intestinal dysbiosis associated with increased intestinal permeability. We hypothesised that restoring gut microbiome homeostasis and proper functioning of the intestinal barrier in PS patients would alleviate the inflammatory symptoms and severity of the skin lesions. The study aims to determine the effect of chicory-derived inulin-type β-fructans (ITFs) on health-related parameters in mild PS patients through molecular analysis of gut microbiota characteristics and assessment of a wide spectrum of biomarkers of the gut-skin axis. METHODS: The randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) with prebiotic intervention is proposed. Adult mild PS patients (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index; PASI < 10) with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 following an omnivore diet will be enrolled into the trial and randomized to one of two groups: prebiotic (receiving 15 g/per day of ITFs) or placebo (receiving 15 g/per day of maltodextrin) for 8 weeks in a double-blind manner. Body composition, clinical parameters, nutritional status, quality of life, immune and inflammatory parameters, intestinal barrier permeability, characteristics of faecal bacteria, and metabolic dysfunction markers will be determined at baseline and after supplementation. Compliance and adverse reactions will be evaluated. DISCUSSION: The dysregulation in intestinal microbiota-host interplay is connected with the development of many chronic skin inflammations, including PS. A proper diet is a relatively easy-modifiable factor that may influence the course of PS treatment. Among dietary components, prebiotics have garnered our interest as ingredients with a proven ability to enhance host health by modulating the gut microbiota. With the proposed RCT, we will determine the impact of ITFs on gut microbiota characteristics and evaluate whether this ITFs-induced microbiota modulation is an effective method to alleviate inflammation and reduce the severity of skin lesions in PS. We expect that the RCT results will enable the introduction of personalised dietary therapy with prebiotic ITFs, which, unlike other PS therapies, would not pose a high risk of side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT05971992. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic impact of tryptophan on non-small cell lung cancer survival: insights from plasma essential amino acids.","authors":"Haodong Zhao, Wendong Liu, Ying Zhang, Yujie Bai, Guochong Chen, Mei Wang, Liqiang Qin, Yang Yang, Jingsi Chen, Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01312-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01312-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Essential amino acids (EAAs) play a critical role in the metabolism of both tumor and immune cells, thereby potentially affecting tumor prognosis via multiple mechanisms. However, few studies have explored the impact of individual or total EAA levels on the survival outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Metabolomics technology was employed to measure plasma levels of eight EAAs and kynurenine (Kyn) in NSCLC patients. Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to assess the association between individual EAA levels and the risk of NSCLC related mortality. The combined effect of EAAs on mortality risk in NSCLC patients was further evaluated using multiple statistical models including weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. Finally, a Random Forest (RF) model was developed to evaluate the prognostic value of the Trp/Kyn ratio in predicting the mortality risk in NSCLC patients. RESULTS: A total of 422 NSCLC patients were included in the analyses. During the median follow-up period of 40.71 months, 300 deaths were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that six EAAs were significantly associated with a reduced mortality risk, among which Trp exhibited the strongest inverse association (HR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.31–0.62). More importantly, a significant inverse association between EAA levels and mortality risk was consistently identified across all three models, particularly in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC. Trp was confirmed as the primary contributor to this combined effect, especially in the advanced NSCLC subgroup. Furthermore, a higher Trp/Kyn ratio was associated with a reduced mortality risk in NSCLC patients. Integrating the Trp/Kyn ratio with key clinical factors (smoking status, cancer stage, and surgery) into a Random Forest model significantly enhanced the prediction of 5-year mortality (test set AUC: 0.759). CONCLUSIONS: The plasma EAAs were inversely associated with the risk of death in NSCLC patients, especially in those with advanced-stage disease. Among the eight EAAs, Trp emerged as the primary contributor. The Trp/Kyn ratio served as a valuable biomarker for risk stratification. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food ultra-processing, plant-origin foods, and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort.","authors":"Qinglong Yang, Haolin Chen, Nan Luo, Hanyuan Lin, Haoxian Tang, Zexuan Liu, Jingtao Huang, Xuan Zhang, Gaoming Hou, Wenqiang Liao, Xuxia Sui, Qingtao Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01310-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01310-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) frequently affects men in middle and later life; however, the potential influence of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the metabolic pathways involved has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated associations between the percentage of total food weight (% of total g/day) contributed by foods stratified by processing level and plant origin and the risk of BPH. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 77,951 men aged ≥ 45 years from the UK Biobank, with a median follow-up of 10.5 years. Dietary intake was assessed using repeated 24-hour dietary recalls and expressed as the percentage of total food weight (% of total g/day) from all UPF, plant-sourced UPF, plant-sourced non-UPF, and all plant-sourced foods. Incident BPH (n = 7,387) was identified using ICD-10 codes. Associations were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified analyses, restricted cubic splines, and sensitivity analyses. Mediation analysis assessed 251 metabolites as potential mediators of the association between the percentage of total food weight from all UPF and BPH. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model (Model 3), each 10% increase in the percentage of total food weight from all UPF was associated with a 4% higher risk of BPH (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.06). A similar 10% increase in plant-sourced UPF was associated with a 3% higher BPH risk (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Conversely, each 10% increase in the percentage of total food weight from plant-sourced non-UPF and all plant-sourced foods was associated with a 5% and 9% lower risk of BPH, respectively. Restricted cubic spline analyses indicated a significant non-linear inverse association between the percentage of total food weight from plant-sourced non-UPF and BPH risk. Mediation analyses identified high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-related metabolites as key mediators linking the percentage of total food weight from all UPF to BPH development. CONCLUSION: A higher percentage of total food weight from UPF was associated with a higher risk of incident BPH among middle-aged and older men, with HDL-related metabolites partially mediating this association. These findings support the potential benefit of reducing UPF and increasing plant-sourced non-UPF, without implying causality. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of maternal hemoglobin and its changes with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Danmeng Liu, Doudou Zhao, Fuyang Zhao, Li Shan, Xinru Gao, Yang Mi, Pengfei Qu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01306-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01306-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Higher iron status during pregnancy may increase gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk via iron-induced oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and impairing pancreatic β-cell function through lipid peroxidation and/or DNA damage. However, associations between maternal iron status and GDM remain controversial. Hemoglobin is a clinically routine iron status indicator measured across pregnancy. This study aims to explore whether hemoglobin levels (and changes) in early and mid-pregnancy are associated with GDM risk. METHODS: This study employed longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study conducted from December 2018 to September 2021. Pregnancy women at early pregnancy were recruited in the birth cohort, and 6420 eligible women were included in the final analysis of the present study. Data collected at early and mid-pregnancy was used. Generalized linear models were applied to evaluated the associations between hemoglobin and GDM. RESULTS: 49.6% (3184 of 6420) and 7.1% (458 of 6420) of women had high hemoglobin in early and mid-pregnancy, respectively. 92.6% (5946 of 6420) of women had decreased hemoglobin concentrations from early to mid-pregnancy. The overall incidence of GDM was 23.1% (1484 of 6420). Higher hemoglobin concentrations (for every 10 g/L increase) were associated with increased risk of GDM (early pregnancy: RR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.14; mid-pregnancy: RR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.13). High hemoglobin in early or/and mid-pregnancy significantly increased GDM risk (early pregnancy: RR: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.21; mid-pregnancy: RR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.39; both periods: RR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.61). Significantly reduced risk of GDM was observed with every 10 g/L decrease in hemoglobin from early to mid-pregnancy (RR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.81, 0.93), especially in women with the High-Decrease change pattern (RR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.80, 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal high hemoglobin levels in early and/or mid-pregnancy are associated with increased GDM risk, and a decline in hemoglobin levels from early to mid-pregnancy is associated with reduced GDM risk. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel obesity index reveals obesity-associated microbiota changes after weight loss intervention in a Spanish population.","authors":"Jaime Alonso-Allende, José Ignacio Riezu-Boj, Ana Romo Hualde, Fermín I Milagro, Paula Aranaz","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01313-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01313-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Gut microbiota specific taxa influencing a higher or lower risk for developing obesity and related metabolic parameters remain unclear. Here, we aimed to identify gut microbiome fingerprints associated with obesity using an integrated obesity index (OBIndex), and to evaluate how these profiles change after a hypocaloric nutritional intervention with two different diets. SUBJECTS & METHODS: 295 Spanish adult volunteers participating in the Obekit study were classified into LOW or HIGH degree of obesity according to a novel obesity index (OBIndex), based on the combination of three parameters: body mass index (BMI), fat mass (%), and waist circumference (WC). Differential abundant taxa between the two groups were investigated, at baseline together with the changes in their abundance after a weight-loss intervention with two different hypocaloric diets (Moderately high protein (MHP) and low fat (LF)). RESULTS: The classification of participants using the OBIndex effectively differentiated obesity status, overcoming the inherent limitations of BMI, WC, and fat mass when considered individually. MHP diet was associated with an improvement in obesity status in women, while LF diet showed better outcomes in men. In relation to these improvements, changes in gut microbiota were observed. We found that Mediterraneibacter levels decreased only in men who experienced a significant improvement in their obesity status. Additionally, Agathobacter levels in participants who improved their physiological condition were reduced to match those of individuals who already exhibited a healthier status at baseline. Alongside these findings, we identified two poorly studied genera, Pseudobutyricicoccus and Intestinimonas, which were associated with a healthier profile at baseline and increased in abundance following the nutritional intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our OBIndex helped to achieve a more accurate separation of our volunteers regarding their obesity status and, thus, identifying four obesity strong related bacteria. Particularly, Mediterraneibacter and Agathobacter were related to a worse obesity status whereas Pseudobutyricicoccus and Intestinimonas showed a negative association with obesity status suggesting a potential protective or anti-obesity role. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee at the University of Navarra (Registration No. IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1401.370) and registered online at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02737267). </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}