Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Intake of ultra-processed foods in Sweden and its association with diet quality and weight status: cross-sectional analyses from three national dietary surveys.","authors":"Torsten Sällström, Anna Turesson Wadell, Julia Wanselius, Ola Wallengren, Agneta Åkesson, Rikard Landberg, Anna Karin Lindroos, Emma Patterson, Lotta Moraeus, Therese Karlsson, Linnea Bärebring","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01408-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01408-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribute substantially to energy intake in many countries and have been linked to poorer nutrient profiles and increased risk for excess body weight. Swedish data on UPF intake and its relation to diet quality and weight status are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the three most recent Swedish national dietary surveys: Riksmaten (RM)-Adults (2010-2011; n = 1797), RM-Adolescents (2016-2017; n = 3099), and RM-Young Children (2021-2024; n = 1820). Classification of UPFs was based on the Nova system using a transparent protocol incorporating recipe disaggregation, independent classification, and alternative classification scenarios to address uncertainty. Associations between energy percent (E%) from UPF and diet quality indicators and micronutrient intakes were examined using quantile regression. Associations between E% UPF and body mass index (BMI or BMI z-score) were assessed using linear regression, and prevalence ratios (PR) of overweight or obesity were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, with additional adjustment for total energy intake and diet quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the primary classification scenario, the mean dietary share of UPF was 45 E% among adults, 52 E% among adolescents, and 46 E% among young children. With stricter classification of ambiguous food items, estimates ranged between 23 and 29 E%. A higher dietary share of UPF was associated with less favourable diet quality across most indicators, except for salt and saturated fat in all age groups and iron and vitamin E in young children. Among adults, each 10 E% increment in UPF corresponded to 0.61% higher BMI (95% CI: 0.04-1.18; p = 0.036). The prevalence of overweight or obesity was higher in the top versus bottom tertiles of UPF intake after energy adjustment (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03-1.30; p = 0.018). No associations were observed among adolescents or young children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UPF contributed substantially to energy intake in all age groups, though estimates differed markedly depending on the classification scenario. UPF intake was inversely associated with diet quality across most, but not all, indicators. No robust relationships with BMI were observed.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-processed food intake and its nutritional consequences among youth when consuming vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian or omnivore diets: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Anna Turesson Wadell, Isabelle Mulkerrins, Christel Larsson","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01378-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01378-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary recommendations promote a predominantly plant-based diet, and the growing interest in such diets has resulted in an increased supply of ultra-processed plant-based alternatives to animal-based foods such as milk and meat. However, most evidence points towards adverse health effects of a high intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF). The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in UPF intake and its nutritional consequences in a youth population in Sweden consuming vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, or omnivore diets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 244 participants, 16-24 y old, participated in the cross-sectional study VeggiSkills-Sweden. Foods reported in four 24-h recalls were classified into UPF or non-UPF according to the Nova classification system. Percentage contribution of UPF to energy, nutrients, and other food components was investigated and compared between the four dietary groups. Associations between UPF intake and demographic variables, health-related lifestyle factors and nutrient status were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vegans obtained more energy, nutrients (e.g., n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B₁₂, calcium and zinc), and salt from UPFs compared to the other dietary groups but did not have a higher energy intake or higher body mass index. They consumed more total dietary fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and less saturated fatty acids (SFA). Also, vegans obtained all vitamin D and B₁₂ from UPFs. Across the entire study population, participants with the highest intake of UPF had a lower level of general nutrition knowledge and consumed less whole grain and more free sugars, but less SFA and more PUFA. UPF intake was not associated with biochemical indicators of nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Youths adhering to a vegan diet obtained more energy and nutrients, including nutrients of concern in a plant-based diet, from UPFs than youth adhering to lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian or omnivore diets. As UPFs are defined today, authorities should be careful discouraging UPF intake while at the same time promoting a more plant-based diet among youths.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The composite dietary antioxidant index and metabolic syndrome in an Iranian adult population: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Hossein Farhadnejad, Hamid Ahmadirad, Zahra Dianati, Mitra Kazemi Jahromi, Niloufar Saber, Farshad Teymoori, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01371-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01371-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with oxidative stress playing an important role in its development. This study aimed to examine the association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), a measure of total dietary antioxidant intake, and the risk of MetS in Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and included 4,628 adults (> 18 years) with complete dietary assessment data from the third TLGS examination and newly enrolled participants from the fourth examination. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and the CDAI was calculated based on six components: vitamins A, C, and E, manganese, selenium, and zinc. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement criteria. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of participants (40.4% men) were 36.1 ± 12.8 years and 25.5 ± 4.28 kg/m², respectively. The median (25th-75th interquartile range) CDAI score was - 0.63 (- 2.70 to 1.88). During a mean follow-up of 9.3 ± 4.2 years, 1,650 (35.7%) incident cases of MetS were identified. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and energy intake, a lower risk of MetS was observed across quartiles of CDAI (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59-0.93; P for trend = 0.013). Further adjustment for all potential confounders strengthened this association, with a 36% lower risk of MetS across CDAI quartiles (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51-0.80; P for trend < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort of Iranian adults, higher CDAI scores were associated with a lower risk of MetS, providing the first evidence of this association in the Iranian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated recovery and alleviated pain by oral whey protein in herpes zoster patients: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Xiaowen Niu, Hua Ni, Linyun Shen, Bei Zhu, Huan Shi, Qingqiong Luo, Jianxin Yang, Hui Shen, Dongyao Wang, Sha Dai, Yuxiao Tang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01372-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01372-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes zoster is usually caused by varicella-zoster virus reactivation, particularly in the aged. It imposes postherpetic neuralgia and impacts life quality, which may be improved by nutritional interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of oral whey protein supplementation in the recovery, pain, and life quality of herpes zoster patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty herpes zoster patients were recruited in Shanghai Dermatology Hospital and randomly divided into the treatment group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20), with normal therapy. Whey protein was orally administrated 20 g per time, twice per day. The recovery time, pain scores (VAS), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), nutritional status (PG-SGA), oxidative stress markers, and immune parameters were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whey protein supplementation significantly reduced the recovery time and scabbing time compared to controls. Pain scores were decreased, and DLQI was improved. Nutritional status (PG-SGA scores) was improved, with increased serum prealbumin. Total protein and albumin were not changed. Oral whey protein increased the GSH content and GSH-PX activity, but the SOD activity, MDA content, and NO content were not altered. The serum contents of IL-6, IFN-γ, IgG, and IgA were increased, while TNF-α, C3, C4, CRP, IgE, and IgM, were not statistically changed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral whey protein adjuvant to standard therapy accelerated recovery, reduced pain, and improved quality of life in herpes zoster patients, probably by improving the nutritional status, enhancing the antioxidant system, and supporting the immune system, which highlighted the application of whey protein in herpes zoster therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between varying fermentation levels of tea and bone health in a community-based population.","authors":"Junzhi Chen, Hao Xie, Guangliang Shan, Yaoda Hu, Huijing He, Tong Feng, Ruohan Zhou, Ping Yuan, Miaochan Lao, Yuping He, Qiong Ou","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01367-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01367-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The association between teas with different fermentation levels and bone health remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between teas with different fermentation levels and bone health in a community-based population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited using a multistage probability sampling method in China between 2021 and 2023. At baseline, participants self-reported the type (unfermented green, semi-fermented oolong, fully-fermented black, and post-fermented dark) and frequency of tea consumption. Bone mineral density was measured using calcaneal ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8,490 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 51.5 years. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 2.8% and 18.6%, respectively. The average duration of tea consumption was 29.3 years. Compared to the non-tea group, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for osteopenia/osteoporosis associated with regular intake (≥ 3 days per week) of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.93), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.97), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.86-1.25), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78-1.23), respectively. Linear associations were observed only between the frequency of green or oolong tea consumption and osteopenia/osteoporosis (P for trend < 0.05). Similar results were found regarding the level of fermentation and bone health (P for trend < 0.05). The associations between tea type, consumption frequency, and bone health remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tea fermentation level was significantly associated with bone health. Regular consumption of unfermented and semi-fermented teas was associated with lower odds of having osteopenia/osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and mortality in clinical obesity: comparative risks of meat-based, pescatarian, and vegetarian diets.","authors":"Siying Liu, Bingxin You, Tingting Liu, Yongze Li","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01368-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01368-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-based and pescatarian diets are generally considered healthier alternatives to meat-based diets; however, their specific effects on mortality risk among individuals with clinical obesity remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations between different dietary patterns and the risks of all-cause and premature mortality in patients with clinical obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cohort study using UK Biobank data included 154,986 participants with clinical obesity. Dietary patterns among these individuals were categorized as regular meat-eaters, occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, vegetarians, and vegans. Accelerated failure time (AFT) models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and all-cause and premature mortality. Interaction analyses, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were further conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals with clinical obesity, the all-cause mortality rates for regular meat-eaters, occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarian/vegans were 12.75%, 13.01%, 7.58%, and 8.15%, respectively. The corresponding rates of premature mortality were 4.31%, 3.95%, 3.02%, and 4.00%. In fully adjusted AFT models, compared to regular meat-eaters, pescatarians had significantly longer time to all-cause mortality (Time Ratio [TR]: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26) and premature mortality (TR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.69). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction between dietary pattern and sex for premature mortality (p for interaction = 0.01), with the protective effect of the pescatarian diet being more pronounced in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among individuals with clinical obesity, a pescatarian diet was associated with better survival outcomes, whereas vegetarian and vegan diets did not show similar benefits. This finding provides epidemiological evidence for future research and dietary counselling in populations with clinical obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for pregnant Swedish women in the NorthPop Birth Cohort Study against repeated 24-hour recalls.","authors":"Richard Lundberg-Ulfsdotter, Maria Öström, Stina Bodén, Christina E West, Magnus Domellöf, Elisabeth Stoltz Sjöström","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01357-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01357-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet during pregnancy significantly influences maternal and offspring health outcomes, including long-term risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, allergic disease and diabetes. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are cost-effective tools for dietary assessment but require validation to ensure accuracy. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of an FFQ developed for pregnant women in the NorthPop Birth Cohort Study (NorthPop) in Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women (n = 96) were recruited from NorthPop. Nutrient and food group intakes assessed by the FFQ were compared with intakes assessed by three 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR) using group mean comparisons, Spearman correlation coefficients, cross-classification, and Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FFQ showed acceptable to very good correlations for most nutrients and food groups. Mean deattenuated correlation coefficients were 0.45 (0.15 to 0.73) for nutrients and 0.55 (0.32 to 0.80) for food groups. Energy adjustment altered individual nutrient correlations, but the overall mean remained unchanged at 0.45 (0.11 to 0.84); however, it reduced the mean correlation for food groups to 0.49 (0.17 to 0.70). Analyses of mean intake, cross-classification, and Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreement between the FFQ and the 24HR reference method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The FFQ evaluated in this study is a valid tool for assessing dietary intake at the group level among pregnant women in the NorthPop cohort. The results support the use of this FFQ to study relationships between diet and disease and to identify dietary factors during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic supplementation on faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Kincső Csepke Földvári-Nagy, Yasmin Zubeida Al-Gharati, Dániel Sándor Veres, Tamás Schnabel, Katalin Lenti, Anna Júlia Éliás, László Földvári-Nagy","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01364-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01364-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Short-chain fatty acids produced by microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract are known to have numerous beneficial effects. Because certain probiotic strains may influence short-chain fatty acid production, probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a potential strategy to modify faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Our aim was to investigate whether probiotics modify faecal short-chain fatty acid levels in healthy populations via systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases on 12/04/2024. We analysed exclusively randomized controlled trials meeting all the following criteria: population: healthy people; intervention: probiotic supplementation; control: no probiotic supplementation; outcome: faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. A total of 9217 articles were reviewed, 21 of which met the preset inclusion criteria. Twelve articles, including 541 subjects, were eligible for meta-analysis of changes in faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. The standardized mean difference (SMD, Hedges' g) was chosen as the effect indicator due to the different measurement techniques used. A random-effects model was used to estimate SMD with 95% confidence interval (CI) due to the expected heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were detected in the faecal butyrate (SMD = 0.07, 95%CI:[(-)0.16 - 0.30]), acetate (SMD = 0.06, 95%CI:[(-)0.14 - 0.27]), and propionate (SMD = 0.09, 95%CI:[(-)0.07 - 0.25]) levels between individuals taking and not taking probiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that probiotic intake has a minor effect on faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, but this effect is not statistically detectable in healthy individuals. Thus, there is insufficient evidence of statistically significant effect of probiotic supplementation on stool short-chain fatty acid concentrations in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022286137).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and therapeutic potential of vitamins in fracture healing.","authors":"Qingyuan Yu, Gongchang Yu, Huiqiang Dong, Chenyu Wang, Mengqi Guan, Bin Shi, Zhenhua Li","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01360-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01360-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fracture healing is an energetically demanding, highly orchestrated process in which inflammation, angiogenesis, callus formation and remodelling must be tightly coordinated, yet up to 10% of fractures progress to delayed union or non-union. Emerging evidence positions vitamins as key modulators of osteoimmunology, cellular metabolism and matrix mineralisation across distinct phases of repair. In this Review, we first outline the cellular and metabolic landscape of fracture healing, highlighting the roles of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, bone-lining cells and mesenchymal progenitors, and the coupling of bone and immune cells. We then synthesise data on vitamins A, C, E, K and B in bone health and fracture repair. Physiological retinoid signalling supports early osteoblast differentiation, whereas both deficiency and chronic excess of vitamin A drive osteoclastogenesis, disturb FGF23-vitamin D-Wnt axes and impair mineralisation in a dose-, time- and site-dependent manner. Vitamin C, as a cofactor for collagen crosslinking and a potent antioxidant, promotes osteoblast and mesenchymal stem-cell differentiation, modulates osteoclast survival and may mitigate oxidative blockade of callus formation. Vitamin E, particularly tocotrienols, limits oxidative stress, suppresses RANKL-driven osteoclastogenesis and activates Wnt/β-catenin and BMP pathways to favour bone formation. Vitamin K integrates γ-carboxylation of bone vitamin K-dependent proteins with PXR/SXR- and mitochondria-mediated signalling to support proper calcification and restrain excessive resorption. B vitamins regulate fracture healing through the one-carbon metabolism-homocysteine and NAD⁺-sirtuin axes, influencing epigenetic control of osteogenic genes, collagen crosslinking and skeletal stem-cell function. Finally, we discuss synergistic and antagonistic interactions among vitamins (for example, vitamins D-K and C-E versus excess vitamin A or α-tocopherol), and propose a stage-specific, biomarker-guided, minimal-effective-dose strategy for personalised vitamin-based adjuncts to fracture care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg consumption in relation to psychological disorders, inflammation, and oxidative stress among adults: results from a cross-sectional study in Iran.","authors":"Mahdi Moabedi, Zahra Moradmand, Parisa Rouhani, Farnaz Shahdadian, Parvane Saneei","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01362-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01362-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies explored the association between egg consumption and depression, anxiety, and high psychological distress, and their findings were controversial. Moreover, no investigation was carried out on the association between this dietary item and oxidative stress and inflammation, which are related to psychological disorders. We aimed to perform the current study to present a comprehensive view of the issue among adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 533 Iranian adults (46.2% female) with a mean age of 42.59 were included in the study. Egg consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression and anxiety were evaluated via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated using the participant's blood sample after a 12-hour fast.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on fully adjusted model, participants in the third tertile had lower odds of depression (OR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.45; 95%CI: 0.24-0.82) and of high psychological distress (OR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.44; 95%CI: 0.27-0.72). Moreover, each tertile increase was associated with reduced odds of depression (OR_trend=0.67; 95%CI: 0.49-0.91) and high psychological distress (OR_trend=0.67; 95%CI: 0.52-0.85). These associations were particularly significant among ones with normal weight regarding both depression (OR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.04; 95%CI: 0.00-0.41) and distress (OR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.16; 95%CI: 0.06-0.43). The same pattern was evident for continuous analyses of depression (OR_trend=0.38; 95%CI: 0.19-0.76) and distress (OR_trend=0.41; 95%CI: 0.25-0.66) in individuals with normal weight. There was a linear association between egg with malonaldehyde (B=-16.784 mU/mL; 95% CI: -30.090, -3.479) and superoxide dismutase (B = 0.084 unit; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.160) among women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was an inverse dose-related association between egg consumption and depression and high psychological distress. Moreover, egg consumption was related to lower oxidative stress among women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}