Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate the risk of age-related ocular diseases: insights from a large-scale prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhiqian Huang, Shuyu Liu, Chao Chen, Keke Zhang, Yu Du, Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01156-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01156-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigations into the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of age-related ocular diseases have yielded inconsistent results. Thus, we aimed to provide robust longitudinal evidence, identify optimal serum thresholds, and explore the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data of 322,953 participants from the UK Biobank. The serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Outcomes were incidences of cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Nonlinear relationships were explored using restricted cubic splines, and mediation analyses were performed to delineate potential mechanistic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed U-shaped associations for cataract and AMD, and L-shaped associations for DR (all P < 0.05), with an optimal threshold of approximately 50 nmol/L, while no association with POAG was observed. Below this threshold, each 10 nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration was linked to a 3.5%, 4.2%, and 6.0% reduction in the risk of cataract, AMD, and DR, respectively (HR 0.965 [95% CI 0.951-0.980]; HR 0.958 [95% CI 0.921-0.997]; HR 0.940 [95% CI 0.894-0.989], respectively), while above 50 nmol/L, no significant protective effects were observed. Mediation analyses revealed that the low-grade inflammation score and triglyceride-glucose index may mediate the effects of serum 25(OH)D on cataract and DR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified 50 nmol/L as the optimal serum 25(OH)D threshold for reducing risks of cataract, AMD and DR, with no benefits beyond this level. The protective effects may be mediated through modulation of inflammation and glucolipid metabolism pathways. The threshold effects highlight the importance of targeted vitamin D supplementation under careful monitoring of serum levels to optimize ocular health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berries and Steps: a protocol of a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study testing freeze-dried blueberry powder in sedentary older adults with mild depressive symptoms.","authors":"Courtney L Millar, Alex Wolfe, Kathryn Baldyga, Alyssa B Dufour, Lewis A Lipsitz","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01154-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01154-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults spend the majority of their day engaging in sedentary behavior, which increases risk of mortality by 22%. Despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity, a large portion of older adults remain sedentary. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation contributes to lack of motivation, which is a critical barrier to overcoming sedentary behavior in older adults. Given that inflammation is highly modifiable by diet, an anti-inflammatory dietary strategy may be a viable way to improve inflammation-driven lack of motivation and ultimately increase physical activity in sedentary older adults. However, interventions targeting such a pathway are scarce. We propose a study intervention protocol, which aims to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of daily supplementation of freeze-dried blueberries. Supplementation with blueberries provides 2 anti-inflammatory nutrients (fiber and anthocyanins) to theoretically reduce inflammation-driven lack of motivation and thereby enhance physical activity in older adults with sedentary behavior and mild depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study is planned as a single-site, randomized, double-blind, parallel pilot study in 40 older adults with sedentary behavior and mild depressive symptoms. Individuals with depressive symptoms often lack motivation and have increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, representing an ideal population for an anti-inflammatory dietary intervention to improve motivation. Participants will be randomized to consume either 48 g of freeze-dried blueberry powder (~ 600 mg of anthocyanins and ~ 8 g of fiber) or a nutritionally matched placebo powder (without any known amounts of anthocyanins and fiber) each day for a total of 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Identification of a dietary intervention to target the inflammatory pathways may offer a novel and feasible approach to increase motivation and engagement of physical activity in older adults. If feasible and effective, such a strategy would help avoid the plethora of health consequences associated with sedentary behavior and physical inactivity.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The current study is approved by the Advarra IRB (#Pro00064749) and registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05735587).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spicy food consumption and biological aging across multiple organ systems: a longitudinal analysis from the China Multi-Ethnic cohort.","authors":"Ning Zhang, Feng Hong, Yi Xiang, Yuan Zhang, Wen Qian, Xuehui Zhang, Liling Chen, Zhuoma Duoji, Xiong Xiao, Xing Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01147-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01147-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological aging is a common starting point for many chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Spicy food consumption is showing a growing trend worldwide. However, the association of spicy food consumption with the comprehensive biological age (BA) and organ-specific BAs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 7874 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC), all participating in baseline and follow-up surveys. The CMEC was located in Southwest China, which has become one of the most prominent and typical regions regarding spicy food consumption in China and the world. We constructed comprehensive BA and organ-specific BAs based on composite indicators using the widely validated Klemera-Doubal method. The frequency of intake of spicy food was obtained by an electronic questionnaire. Follow-up analyses adjusted for baseline data were then employed to assess the longitudinal associations of spicy food consumption at baseline with both the comprehensive BA and the organ-specific BAs at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with non-spicy consumers, spicy consumers showed a decrease in comprehensive BA acceleration, with adjusted β = -0.23 (- 0.60 to 0.13) for 1-2 days/week, β = -0.69 (- 1.10 to - 0.29) for 3-5 days/week and - 0.32 (- 0.63 to - 0.01) years for 6-7 days/week, respectively. Higher estimates were observed for metabolic and kidney BA accelerations than for cardiopulmonary and liver BA accelerations. Compared to non-spicy consumers, spicy consumers showed a decrease in metabolic BA acceleration (3-5 days/week: β = -0.76 (- 1.28 to - 0.24) years) and kidney BA acceleration (3-5 days/week: β = -1.89 (- 2.76 to - 1.02) years).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spicy foods may have potential benefits for biological aging. Our findings highlight that spicy foods may slow comprehensive and organ-specific biological aging, especially metabolic and kidney biological aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of consumption tracking and tailored feedback on meeting nutritional recommendations: a longitudinal regression discontinuity study.","authors":"Nathaniel Jensen, Watson Lepariyo, Vincent Alulu, Simbarashe Sibanda","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01149-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01149-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition continues to have large and negative impacts on millions of people. Lack of nutrition education and access to accurate information can be large barriers to healthy eating.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this paper, we causally tested if providing participants with consumption tracking information accompanied by tailored messaging that referenced internationally recognized dietary guidelines improved their consumption patterns. To do so, we developed a smartphone application that participants used to record their consumption and that of their children. Those self-recorded data were then used to provide the participants with tailored feedback by comparing their recorded consumption against recommended consumption patterns. The causal impacts of the tailored feedback were estimated using a regression discontinuity estimation strategy and validated using alternative empirical strategies and a parallel dataset collected from the same participants by Community Health Volunteers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the informational and feedback treatments improved consumption patterns of the caregivers and their children. Specifically, once caregivers began receiving tracking information and tailored feedback on their children's diet, their children's likelihood of meeting the minimum dietary threshold increased by at least 23 percentage points. An analogous, although smaller and less precisely estimated, effect on the caregivers' consumption was caused by providing them with tracking and feedback information on their own consumption. To verify these findings, we tested for the same effects using a parallel dataset collected by Community Health Volunteers from the same participants at the same period. The results of these analysis remained consistent with those estimated from self-recorded data but showed smaller effect sizes. Tests for persistence of the effects found no loss in impacts over the remaining months of the project.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings show that improving access to information on recommended consumption and providing easy methods for tracking own performance against those recommendations can improve consumption patterns while also demonstrating that low-cost, light-touch approaches can be effective for collecting related data and delivering such services.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Pan African Clinical Trial Registry ACTR202407500217236. Retrospectively registered on July 15 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis supplementation on intestinal permeability, oxidative stress markers, quality of life, and disease severity in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Saeede Jafari Nasab, Awat Feizi, Parisa Hajihashemi, Mohammad-Hassan Entezari, Manoj Sharma, Peyman Adibi, Mohammad Bagherniya","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01152-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01152-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary enterolignan concentrations and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in pregnant US women.","authors":"Ling Shi, Tiffany A Moore Simas, Alice H Lichtenstein, Yuqing Zhang, Qi Sun, Laura L Hayman","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior evidence suggests that dietary lignans may mitigate inflammation, attenuate insulin resistance, and improve blood lipids. Little is known about the effects of lignans in pregnant women who are at elevated risk of glucose and lipid abnormalities, partially due to increase in estrogen levels during pregnancy. This study was designed to investigate the association between dietary lignan intake, measured as urinary enterolignans (enterodiol and enterolactone), with blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic risks in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 480 pregnant women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010 and had data for urinary enterolignan concentrations. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between urinary enterolignan concentrations and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. Cardiometabolic risk markers were log-transformed and geometric means were calculated by quartiles of urinary enterolignan concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher urinary enterolignan concentrations were associated with a more beneficial cardiometabolic profile: comparing women in the highest versus lowest quartiles of total enterolignan concentrations, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 62 versus 54 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.01); triacylglycerol (TG) was 141 versus 171 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.004); TG/HDL-C ratio was 2.3 versus 3.2 (P for trend = 0.001); Total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio was 3.4 versus 3.9 (P for trend = 0.03); C-reactive protein (CRP) was 0.4 versus 0.7 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.01); and fasting insulin was 7.7 versus 13.9 μU/mL (P for trend < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lignan intake may have favorable effects on cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The results of our study showed that urinary excretion of enterolignans were inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women. These findings support further investigation on the role of lignans in modifying lipid and glucose metabolism. Given the high prevalence of maternal insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia and its serious health consequences for both women and their offspring, the use of lignans, if demonstrated to be efficacious, could provide a cost-effective option for curbing this epidemic by prevention and early treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of overall and site-specific cancers in Korean adults: results from two prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Sihan Song, Hae Dong Woo, Jieun Lyu, Bo Mi Song, Joong-Yeon Lim, Hyun-Young Park","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01146-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01146-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The link between vitamin D and cancer remains inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and overall and site-specific cancers in Korean adults using data from two large prospective cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in a subset of participants from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study (2005-2012) and the Health Examinees Study (2009-2013). We followed 46,514 adults aged ≥ 40 years who consented to linkage with national cancer registry data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence according to quartiles of season-standardized 25(OH)D levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median season-standardized 25(OH)D level was 45.6 nmol/L (interquartile range: 33.6-59.7 nmol/L). During the median follow-up of 10.6 years, 3,529 incident cancer cases were recorded. Compared with the first quartile, the upper quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were associated with a lower risk of overall cancer [HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.77-0.95), 0.84 (0.75-0.93), and 0.80 (0.72-0.89), respectively; P for trend < 0.001]. For site-specific cancers, the HRs (95% CIs) for the comparison of extreme quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were 0.72 (0.52-0.99) for colorectal cancer, 0.32 (0.21-0.50) for liver cancer, and 0.75 (0.55-1.04) for lung cancer. Upon categorization of serum 25(OH)D levels based on absolute cut-off points, participants with levels ≥ 75 nmol/L had significantly lower risks of overall, liver, and lung cancers compared with those with levels < 30 nmol/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that higher 25(OH)D levels are associated with a lower risk of overall and some site-specific cancers in the Korean population.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary index for gut microbiota and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective gene-diet study.","authors":"Dong-Run Li, Bang-Quan Liu, Ming-Hui Li, Ying Qin, Jia-Cheng Liu, Wen-Rui Zheng, Ting-Ting Gong, Shan-Yan Gao, Qi-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01151-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01151-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed index that evaluates dietary intake patterns associated with gut microbial health. Limited studies have examined whether DI-GM influences gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the association between DI-GM and GI cancer risk and evaluate its combined effect with genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 178,148 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one 24-hour dietary recall. DI-GM was constructed from 13 dietary components known to influence gut microbial health and was divided into three groups. The GI cancer polygenic risk score was calculated from 205 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the associations between DI-GM, genetic risk, and GI cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 13.47 years, 2,682 participants developed GI cancer. In fully adjusted models, higher DI-GM was associated with a lower GI cancer risk (HR for GI cancer: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.92; HR for EC: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.86; HR for GC: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.71-1.39; HR for CRC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.95), compared with participants in the lowest DI-GM category. In joint analysis, individuals with higher DI-GM and lower genetic risk had lower GI cancer risk, with HRs (95% CI) of 0.28 (0.21, 0.36), 0.50 (0.42, 0.58) for low and intermediate genetic risk, respectively, compared with those with low DI-GM and high genetic risk. And a significant interaction between DI-GM and genetic risk was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher DI-GM was associated with a lower risk of GI cancer including EC and CRC. These findings highlight the importance of considering a gut microbiota-friendly diet and genetic risk in GI cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of the \"Feel Good\" feasibility study - a multi-component fruit and vegetable intervention in children measuring cognitive and mental health outcomes.","authors":"Nicola A Gillies, Jeanette P Rapson, Amy L Lovell, Karen E Waldie, Clare R Wall","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01137-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01137-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational evidence suggests that increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has the potential to improve children's cognitive function and mental well-being, but this has not yet been empirically tested in intervention research. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component FV intervention which measures mental and cognitive health outcomes in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 'Feel Good Study' was a cluster-randomised controlled feasibility study conducted in four New Zealand primary schools, with equal allocation of schools to intervention and wait-list control arms. The intervention group received a 10-week FV programme informed by behavioural theory, including school- and home-based components designed to improve FV availability and acceptance. The wait-list control group received a simplified 5-week version of the intervention. Dietary, cognitive, and mental health outcomes were completed by children and parents/caregivers at the start and end of the 10-week study period. Primary outcomes of this feasibility study were recruitment, retention, and data collection rates. Process evaluation captured measures of intervention fidelity and dose, acceptability, reach, and barriers or facilitators to implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy children were recruited (79% of target recruitment rate), with an average retention rate of 89%. Diet, cognitive, and mental health data collection procedures were feasible, with all data valid for analysis except for 6% of children's dietary questionnaires. All intervention components were delivered (100% dose delivered), with high levels of fidelity (82% - 100% of components implemented as planned). All teachers and parents strongly agreed that they would recommend other schools/families take part in the study, indicating high levels of acceptability. Process evaluation revealed areas for refinement including more cohesive connections between school- and home-based intervention components, strengthening or adding new intervention components, and simplifying enrolment procedures with longer recruitment periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Having satisfied key feasibility and acceptance measures in the Feel Good Study, we recommend intervention refinement and progression to a definitive trial where the efficacy of increased FV intake for mental health and cognitive function can be tested in children for the first time.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial protocol was prospectively registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000533695) on 2 May 2023, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385829&isReview=true .</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.","authors":"Jianhua Ma, Pingan Li, Jinqi Wang, Haiping Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Lixin Tao, Xinghua Yang, Yanxia Luo, Xiuhua Guo, Bo Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01139-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01139-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has increased substantially in recent years. Previous studies have established the associations between vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms, and the risk of individual cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the role of these factors in the progression of CMD to CMM or mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between vitamin D, VDR polymorphisms, and the dynamic progression of CMM, as well as to explore the potential modification effect of VDR polymorphisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this cohort study were extracted from the UK Biobank. CMM was defined as the coexistence of at least two CMDs, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. A multi-state model was used to analyze associations between serum 25(OH)D, VDR polymorphisms and the dynamic progression of CMM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 396,192 participants. Over a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 55,772 individuals experienced at least one CMD and 28,624 died. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L, those with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L had HRs of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.72) for baseline to first CMD (FCMD), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.82) for FCMD to CMM, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.70) for baseline to death, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77, 0.92) for FCMD to death, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.70, 1.03) for CMM to death. L-shaped relationships of these associations were noted, with a threshold around 45 nmol/L. The rs1544410 (BsmI) T alleles may have a detrimental effect, while the rs11568820 (Cdx2) T alleles may exert a protective effect in the early stages of CMM progression. Additionally, VDR polymorphisms significantly modified the association between serum 25(OH)D and certain stages of CMM progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, as a readily implementable intervention strategy, not only reduces the risk of initial CMD but also delays the progression to CMM or death. Risk stratification based on VDR polymorphisms provides further insights for developing personalized prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}