Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Association of the use of nonfood prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics with total and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Luyan Zheng, Jiaqi Zhang, Jing Yang, Yanbo Wang, Yina Zhang, Kailu Fang, Jie Wu, Min Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01104-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01104-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of nonfood prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has approximately tripled in the last 20 years. It is necessary to examine the associations of these substances with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 53,333 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. All participants answered questions on the use of dietary supplements and medications, including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics. Death outcomes were determined by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality from all causes, heart diseases, cancer, and other causes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 10.6 years, 9117 deaths were documented, including 2364 heart disease deaths, 1964 cancer deaths, and 4700 other causes deaths. Compared to nonusers, nonfood prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic users had a 59% (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.56), 56% (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.74), 49% (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.83), and 64% (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59) for lower risk of all-cause, cancer, heart disease, and other causes mortality, respectively. Moreover, the inverse association of the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics with mortality was stronger in female participants and participants without hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of nonfood prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics is significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality, as well as deaths from heart disease, cancer, and other causes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of high-dose vs. low-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation in children with chronic tic disorders: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed, Miaoshui Bai, Hanyu Dong, Yang Xue, Feiyong Jia, Junyan Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01112-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01112-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D₃ has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating tic symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders (CTDs). This study aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy of high-dose and low-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation on tic severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels in children with CTDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 83 children aged 4 to 15 years diagnosed with CTDs. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either high-dose vitamin D₃ (5,000 IU/day) or low-dose vitamin D₃ (1,000 IU/day) for three months. The primary outcome was tic severity, assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), while secondary outcomes included changes in serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels. Tic severity and biochemical markers were measured at baseline and after the intervention to assess the effects of vitamin D₃ supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the high-dose and low-dose groups showed significant improvements in tic severity and increases in serum 25(OH)D levels (𝑝 < 0.05). The high-dose group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in tic severity and a more substantial increase in serum 25(OH)D levels compared to the low-dose group (𝑝 < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in serum calcium levels between the group (𝑝 > 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between increases in serum 25(OH)D levels and reductions in tic severity (𝑡 = -2.816, 𝑝 < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation is more effective than low-dose supplementation in reducing tic severity and increasing serum 25(OH)D levels in children with CTDs. These findings suggest that high-dose vitamin D₃ may serve as a valuable adjunctive therapy for managing CTDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to French dietary guidelines is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in the E3N French prospective cohort.","authors":"Chloé Marques, Pauline Frenoy, Nasser Laouali, Sanam Shah, Gianluca Severi, Francesca Romana Mancini","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01099-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01099-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases which are the major causes of death worldwide. French dietary guidelines, updated in 2017, provide recommendations for a healthier diet. We aimed to study the association between adherence to these dietary guidelines and mortality in the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale) French cohort. A secondary objective was to investigate the role of dietary exposure to chemical contaminants in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 72 585 women of the E3N prospective cohort, which completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1993. We estimated adherence to French dietary guidelines using the simplified \"Programme National Nutrition Santé-guidelines score 2\" (sPNNS-GS2, range -20.4 to 12.6). We estimated the association between sPNNS-GS2 and all-cause or cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazard models. Causes of death were coded and validated by the French Epidemiology Center on Medical Causes of Death (Inserm-CépiDc).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up (1993-2014), we identified 6 441 deaths. The mean sPNNS-GS2 was 3.8 (SD 3.0). In the fully adjusted model, we found a non-linear association between sPNNS-GS2 and all-cause, all-cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer mortality (p-values for the overall association < 0.001), with a diminution of the risk as sPNNS-GS2 increases up to its median or 65^th percentile (depending on the outcome), and then a plateau (for all-cause and breast cancer mortality) or an inversion of the trend (for all-cancer and lung cancer mortality). Furthermore, we identified a linear inverse association with cardiovascular diseases mortality (HR_oneSTD [95%CI]: 0.86 [0.76; 0.97]), and no association with colorectal cancer mortality. We observed similar results when additionally adjusting on dietary exposure to chemical contaminants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study conducted in a large prospective cohort following more than 70 000 women for over 20 years suggested that higher adherence to French dietary guidelines was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases, all-cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer, except for high values of adherence for lung cancer mortality. These results contribute to informing on the importance of following the French nutritional recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to diabetes risk reduction diet is associated with metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight or obesity.","authors":"Ani Grigorian, Zahra Moradmand, Saeideh Mirzaei, Ali Asadi, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Parvane Saneei","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01111-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insufficient evidence exists regarding the relationship between diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and metabolic health status in adolescents. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between DRRD and metabolic health status in Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 203 overweight/obese adolescents. Dietary intakes were evaluated using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. The following parameters were measured: blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. Participants were classified to metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO), based on 2 methods: International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and a combination of IDF and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on IDF criteria, highest vs. lowest adherence to DRRD was associated with a lower odds of having an MUO phenotype in both crude (OR = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.02-0.12) and fully adjusted model (OR = 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02-0.20). Based on IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, similar findings were obtained. This relationship was significant in both genders and was especially significant among adolescents with obesity. In both crude and fully adjusted model, adherence to DRRD was significantly lower the likelihood of having high fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents who adhered more strictly to DRRD were less likely to be MUO, and have high fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR. Additional large-scale prospective studies are necessary to affirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-calorie diets and remission of type 2 diabetes in Chinese: phenotypic changes and individual variability.","authors":"Zhenxiu Liu, Nannan Feng, Sujing Wang, Yang Liu, Jie Wang, Yue Tan, Ying Dong, Zhewei Sun, Xihao Du, Yaqing Xu, Feng Tao, Victor W Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01101-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01101-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chinese have distinct phenotypes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity compared with people of other ethnicities, but using low-calorie diets to achieve T2D remission has never been conducted in Chinese. This study aimed to assess if T2D remission can be achieved using low-calorie formula diet (LCFD) and low-calorie real food-based diet (LCRFD) in Chinese similarly to other populations and to identify determinants of individual variability in T2D remission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 6-month intervention consisted of a 3-month isocaloric intensive weight loss phase (815-835 kcal/d) and a 3-month weight maintenance phase. Enrolled participants with T2D had BMI of 24-45 kg/m² and HbA1c level of 6.5-12.0% (< 6.5% if on medication). Everyone stopped anti-diabetic drugs on day 1 and was assigned to receive LCFD (n = 21) or LCRFD (n = 20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months, 29.3% of participants had ≥ 12 kg weight loss, 39.0% lost ≥ 10% weight, and 56.1% achieved T2D remission. MRI-derived liver and pancreatic fat decreased significantly. Significant improvement was also seen in insulin sensitivity, continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics, and various other cardiometabolic risk factors but not arginine-induced insulin secretory response. There was no difference in all outcomes between LCFD and LCRFD. Compared with responders for T2D remission, nonresponders were more likely to be women, and had more fat mass, longer diabetes duration, poorer glycemic control, and lower beta-cell function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T2D remission rate and weight loss amount following low-calorie diet intervention in Chinese people were comparable to those reported from other populations, although individual variability existed. LCFD and LCRFD were similarly effective.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05472272.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of concurrent alpha-linolenic acid, L-carnitine supplementation on clinical symptoms, mental health, and quality of life in women with migraine: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Sahar Golpour-Hamedani, Mohammad Bagherniya, Fariborz Khorvash, Awat Feizi, Manoj Sharma, Gholamreza Askari","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine, as a widespread neurological condition, substantially impacts quality of life, particularly among women. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and L-carnitine co-supplementation on migraine symptoms, mental health, and life quality in women with migraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 women with migraine were randomly assigned to receive either ALA (1000 mg) plus L-carnitine (500 mg) or matching placebos daily for 12 weeks. Migraine characteristics, mental health parameters, and quality of life measures were assessed at baseline and study end.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in migraine frequency (-2.96; 95% CI (-3.48, -2.45) vs -0.07; 95% CI (-0.68, 0.53), P < 0.001), severity (-1.6; 95% CI (-2.05, -1.15) vs - 0.44; 95% CI (-0.91, 0.02), P = 0.001), and duration (-4.9; 95% CI (-6.34, -3.45) vs -0.5; 95% CI (-1.06, 0.66) hours, P < 0.001) compared to the placebo group. Mental health improvements were observed in depression (-7.4; 95% CI (-9.24, -5.55) vs 0.05; 95% CI (-1.16, 1.26), P < 0.001), and anxiety scores (-5.7; 95% CI (-7.26, -4.14) vs - 0.65; 95% CI (-2.33, 1.03), P < 0.001). Quality of life measures showed significant enhancement, with increased migraine-specific quality of life (9.75; 95% CI (8.01, 11.49) vs 1.22; 95% CI (-0.66, 3.11), P < 0.001) and decreased headache impact test-6 scores (-8.57; 95% CI (-11.79, -5.36) vs -1.35; 95% CI (-3.41, 0.71), P = 0.005) in the intervention group compared to the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-supplementation with ALA and L-carnitine may offer a promising adjuvant therapy for managing migraine in women, addressing both physical symptoms and psychological burdens.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRCT20121216011763N57.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing dietary exposure to critical nutrients on a plant-based diet using the food- and total nutrient index.","authors":"Maximilian Andreas Storz, Frieda Stübing, Luciana Hannibal, Roman Huber","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01105-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01105-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unfortified plant-based diets are devoid of vitamin B12, and supply low intakes of iodine, zinc, selenium, and calcium. To disentangle the complex interplay between nutritional adequacy and nutrient intakes from supplements and foods in plant-based diets, data from a Germany-based cross-sectional study examining the nutritional status of omnivores, lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans was re-analyzed. Special emphasis was put on potentially under-consumed nutrients in plant-based diets, including vitamin A and choline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel tool focusing on under-consumed micronutrients was employed to shed a new light on nutrient supply and dietary exposure to critical nutrients in plant-based diets: The Total Nutrient Index (TNI). The TNI extends existing measures of diet quality by considering nutrient intake data from both foods and supplements. The TNI covers calcium, magnesium, potassium, choline and vitamins A, C, D, and E. The TNI was compared between omnivores, vegetarians and vegans, with a special focus on its micronutrient component scores and with regard to dietary supplement contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 108 participants was analyzed. The vegan and the omnivorous diet resulted in similar TNI scores (73.70 ± 19.68 and 72.77 ± 17.88), whereas lacto-ovo-vegetarians scored lower (68.50 ± 17.10). The contribution of supplements to the TNI was higher in vegans and omnivores (median contribution: 12.50 (16.80) and 10.81 (18.23) score points, respectively) as compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarians (3.42 (12.50) score points). High micronutrient component score contributions to the TNI were found for vitamin D supplements (all dietary groups), vitamin C supplements (omnivores and vegans) and magnesium supplements (all groups).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementation has a profound impact on nutrient supplies in individuals on a plant-based diet. This study reiterates the need to quantitatively assess nutrient intakes from supplements to assess diet quality of plant-based dietary patterns. We posit that defining diet-specific TNI scores is important for a precise evaluation of diet quality, whether in omnivore or in the spectrum of plant-based diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and age-related macular degeneration in Korean adults.","authors":"Won Jang, Yuna Kim, Hyesook Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01090-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01090-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 and omega-3 families affect processes implicated in vascular and neural retinal disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using a nationwide representative sample of older adults (≥ 50 years), including 1,944 men and 2,592 women, from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2018). Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intakes were collected through a 24-hour recall method and used to calculate the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio. Associations between the ratio and AMD were determined using odds ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of AMD was 19.8% and 17.7% in Korean men and women, respectively. In women, the multivariable-adjusted OR for incurring AMD was significantly higher in the 2nd (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.02-1.81) and 3rd (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.02-1.83) tertiles of the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio than in the 1st tertile (OR = 1, the reference OR) (P = 0.036 for this trend). However, this association was not observed in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that high omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios may be associated with an increased prevalence of AMD among Korean women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Diets and Nutrient Intakes in Morbidly Obese US Adults in Comparison to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.","authors":"Maximilian Andreas Storz, Frieda Stübing, Roman Huber","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01088-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morbid Obesity (MO), defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 40 kg/m², is the most severe form of obesity. The risk of suffering from any chronic medical condition is almost twice as high in MO as compared to overweight. Despite obesity being one of the most serious contemporary public health concerns, there is a paucity of nutrient intake data in adults with MO. Nutritional assessments in morbidly obese adults are often based on individuals seeking weight loss surgery rather than focusing on the general community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data (NHANES, 2007-2016), we estimated nutrient intakes in the general US population with MO, thereby focusing on a comparative assessment to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA, 2020-2025). Nutrient intakes were assessed in morbidly obese US adults with a BMI > 40 kg/m², regardless of their intention to seek weight loss treatment and regardless of reporting special diets. Sex- and age-specific nutrient intake assessments were performed, with the aim to identify population subgroups that may warrant particular attention from a public health perspective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample comprised 1,708 participants with MO. This may be extrapolated to represent 14,047,276 US Americans. MO was more prevalent in females as compared to males (65.60% vs 34.40%) and the sample's average age was 46.25 years, with a tendency towards a lower mean age in higher BMI groups. The alignment with the DGA was poor across both sexes, and particularly with regard to the nutrients of public health concern (fiber, calcium), saturated fatty acid intake and the intakes of several fat-soluble vitamins. Fiber intake was found to be particularly low in females with MO. Total energy intake was not associated with BMI in participants with MO. Morbidly obese individuals frequently reported special diets, with up to 28% of the examined population disclosing at least one special diet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a descriptive epidemiological approach, we identified numerous sociodemographic and nutritional factors associated with MO. The poor alignment with US national dietary guidelines warrants special considerations and dedicated public health nutrition efforts to combat the increasing obesity-related burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization of serum micronutrients and osteoarthritis risk: focus on zinc.","authors":"Wenxing Zeng, Enda Hong, Wei Ye, Luyao Ma, Dejun Cun, Feng Huang, Ziwei Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01100-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01100-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is an increasingly severe public health issue globally. Micronutrients are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions and metabolic balance; however, their relationship with OA is not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the potential causal relationships between 15 key micronutrients and the risk of OA using both two-sample and multivariate Mendelian randomization approaches. We gathered data from a large prospective cohort of genome-wide association studies on these micronutrients and OA. Comprehensive Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting, MR Egger, weighted median, weighted models, and simple models. Through multivariate analyses, factors such as BMI and strenuous exercise were controlled to assess the independent associations between zinc and OA risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, zinc was positively associated with OA risk (OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.009 to 1.082, P = 0.015). This association remained significant even after controlling for other confounding factors in multivariate analyses, indicating an independent effect of zinc. Other micronutrients, such as calcium, iron, and vitamin D, did not show significant associations with OA risk in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides new evidence of a positive association between the micronutrient zinc and the risk of OA, emphasizing the importance of considering micronutrients in osteoarthritis prevention and treatment strategies. Future research should further validate these findings and explore the specific biological mechanisms by which zinc influences the risk of osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}