Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Singapore Chinese health study.","authors":"Yue Li, Xianli Li, An Pan, Woon-Puay Koh","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01219-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01219-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although higher intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been associated with a higher risk of mortality in Western populations such as populations from France and the United States (US), evidence in Asian populations remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of mortality in an Asian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 62,197 middle-aged and older Chinese adults who were recruited for the Singapore Chinese Health Study from 1993 to 1998. UPFs were defined from items in the FFQ using the Nova classification, and their consumption was categorized into quintiles according to intake level. Mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, and respiratory diseases were ascertained via Linkage with a nationwide registry through 2022. Associations between UPF intake and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 24.9 years (median) of follow-up, 29,472 deaths occurred. In the multivariable-adjusted model (variables related to demographics, anthropometric data, lifestyle factors, medical history, and total energy intake), compared with the lowest quintile of UPF consumption, the highest quintile was associated with higher risks of mortality from all-cause [hazard ratio (HR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.10], CVDs (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), and respiratory diseases (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not of mortality from cancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.94-1.07). The associations remained essentially unchanged after further adjusting for diet quality measured using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and antioxidant capacity using the Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity. Among the subgroups of UPFs, positive associations with all-cause mortality were observed for consumption of sweetened beverages (e.g. soft drinks) and sugary products (e.g. crackers and western cakes). This association was stronger in participants who were non-smokers at recruitment [respective HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.13 in non-smokers versus HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.94-1.08 in smokers (P for interaction = 0.03)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher intake of UPFs was associated with higher risks of mortality from all-cause, CVDs, and respiratory diseases in an Asian population. These results need to be confirmed in other Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free thyroxine modifying the association of serum ferritin with gestational diabetes risk: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Xinzhen Chen, Yankun Wang, Xi Qian, Qiao Xu, Min Zhang, Yan Su, Qiao Huang, Niya Zhou, Wei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01215-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01215-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on gut microbiota in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Kai Zhuang, Huanhuan Luo, Muhuang Zeng, Sze Chun Leo Chan, Meiting Gong, Yunhan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01218-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01218-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily eating frequency, nighttime fasting duration, and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Liyu Yang, Xuehong Tie, Xinyang Liu, Yu Liu, Fuyu Li, Yang Guo, Yingjian Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01213-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01213-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The understanding of daily eating frequency (DEF) and nighttime fasting duration (NFD) is limited. The aim of this research is to investigate the links between DEF, NFD, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research involved 11,153 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. The evaluation of DEF and NFD was conducted through interviews focusing on dietary recalls spanning 24 h. DEF refers to the overall number of times individuals eat throughout the day, whereas NFD indicates the duration between the last and first meal of the day. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established through the application of the US fatty liver index (USFLI). A weighted logistic regression model investigated the connection between DEF, NFD, and NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After full adjustment, participants with DEF ≤ 3 times exhibited a 21% higher risk of NAFLD than those with DEF > 4.5 times (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45). Similarly, individuals with NFD ≥ 14 h were 26% more likely to develop NAFLD than those with NFD ≤ 10 h (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.53). The effect of DEF on NAFLD risk was more evident in participants without T2D and with low fibrosis risk, whereas the adverse impact of NFD was particularly pronounced among those younger than 60 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DEF below 3 times and NFD exceeding 14 h were significantly linked to a heightened risk of developing NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of dietary choline intakes with cognitive function among the older people in underdeveloped regions: findings from the NCDFaC study.","authors":"Dan Liu, Yingying Niu, Haoyu Yan, Chengping Li, Lianhong Chen, Chenglian Li, Kui Dong, Zhihao Li, Jian Zhang, Zhuoqun Wang, Pengkun Song, Yanfang Zhao, Yi Zhai, Mei Zhang, Shaojie Pang, Shengquan Mi, Xiaofeng Liang, Shuang Song, Zhaoxue Yin, Wenhua Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01120-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01120-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary choline, its subtypes, and cognitive function in older adults from underdeveloped regions of China, using data from the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort (NCDFaC) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1 522 older adults aged 60 and over. Dietary choline intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The associations between choline intake and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were analyzed using logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines and propensity score matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Among the 1 522 participants, 292 (19.2%) were diagnosed with MCI. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of total choline intake, participants in the 2nd quartile (169.0 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) had lower odds of MCI, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.42, 0.94). Similarly, participants in the 2nd (116.0 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) and 3rd (148.0 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) quartiles of phosphatidylcholine intake had reduced odds of MCI, with ORs (95% CI) of 0.59 (0.39, 0.88) and 0.60 (0.40, 0.91), respectively. For free choline intake, the highest quartile (74.2 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) was associated with an OR (95% CI) of 0.55 (0.35, 0.86). After PSM, higher intakes of total choline and phosphatidylcholine remained associated with lower odds of MCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate to high dietary intakes of total choline, phosphatidylcholine, and free choline may be associated with lower odds of MCI among older adults in underdeveloped regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and all-cause mortality in older critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia.","authors":"Lei Zhang, Minye Li, Jianfei Liu, Hui Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01216-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01216-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the association between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and the risk of mortality in critically ill older patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 1924 critically ill patients with CAP from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV3.1 (MIMIC-IV3.1) database. The participants were grouped into four groups based on GNRI levels. The clinical outcome was 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression were used to evaluate the association between the GNRI and clinical outcomes in critically ill older patients with CAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1924 patients (56.9% male) were included in the study. The 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality were 37.7%, 47.7%, 54.0% and 59.1%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the GNRI was independently associated with all-cause mortality. After adjusting for confounders, GNRI remained significantly associated with both short- and long-term mortality. Restricted cubic splines revealed a linear association between GNRI and all-cause mortality in CAP patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates that the GNRI has a significant association with all-cause mortality in critically ill older patients with CAP. However, further confirmation of these findings requires larger prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between relative fat mass and obstructive sleep apnea and the potential mediating effect of hypertension: based on NHANES 2005-2008 and 2015-2018.","authors":"Qizheng Guo, Weihang Xu, Changcong Wang, Muchen Xie, Zhuoxin Wu, Ning Zhang, Baorui Zhang, Dongmei Mu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01205-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01205-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity has been identified as one of the contributing factors to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current obesity assessment indicators have poor ability to distinguish between fat and muscle. Relative fat mass (RFM) a new indicator of obesity that takes into account gender differences and can predict body fat conditions has advantage in this respect. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between RFM and OSA, as well as the possible mediating effect of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2005-2008 and 2015-2018. Multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the association between RFM and OSA. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of different obesity indicators was compared to assess their predictive ability for OSA. Mediation analysis was used to explore the potential mediating role of hypertension in the positive correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 13,532 participants with complete study data, of which 6854 were assessed as having OSA according to the criteria, accounting for 50.65% of the study population. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model with fully adjusted covariates showed that the odds ratio of RFM was 1.096 (95%CI:1.084-1.109, P < 0.001). The results of the RCS show that RFM is nonlinearly correlated with OSA (P for nonlinear < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that the association between RFM and OSA was stronger in female and people younger than 60. The ROC also indicates that, compared with the body roundness index and weight-adjusted-waist index, RFM showed potential as a predictor. Mediation analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that hypertension had a statistically significant but poorly robust mediating effect between RFM and OSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a positive and nonlinear correlation between RFM and OSA. Hypertension plays a potential mediating role in the positive association between RFM and OSA, but its robustness is poor. RFM shows potential as a predictor of OSA, but more prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the causal relationship between RFM and OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between carbohydrate intake and the risk of psoriasis: a prospective cohort study based on UK Biobank.","authors":"Hao Lin, Yudan Yang, Chunlei He, Manli Wang, Ding Ye, Xiaohui Sun, Jing Guo, Jiayu Li, Yingying Mao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01210-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01210-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on the association between carbohydrate intake and psoriasis risk is limited. We aimed to examine the associations of carbohydrate and its different subtypes with psoriasis risk, as well as the interaction between genetic predisposition and carbohydrate intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a prospective cohort study based on UK Biobank that included 210,474 participants who did not have psoriasis at baseline. A 24-hour dietary assessment tool was used to assess detailed dietary intake information. Incident psoriasis events were identified through hospitalization records. The association between carbohydrate intake and psoriasis was examined by Cox proportional hazard regression models. Multiplicative interaction between genetic risk and carbohydrate intake was assessed by incorporating a cross-product term in the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1907 incident psoriasis events were recorded during the follow-up period (median: 13.25 years). Compared to the lowest intake quartile (Q1), the highest intake quartile (Q4) of total sugars [HR (95% CI) = 1.14 (1.01-1.29), FDR-P_trend = 0.116], free sugars [1.22 (1.07-1.38), 0.021], and sucrose [1.14 (1.01-1.30), 0.058] was associated with an increased psoriasis risk. In contrast, the highest intake of starch [0.86 (0.76-0.98), 0.049] and fiber [0.84 (0.74-0.96), 0.021] showed an inverse association with psoriasis risk. However, there was no statistically significant interaction between carbohydrate intake and genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intake of total sugars, free sugar, and sucrose was positively associated with psoriasis risk, while fiber and starch were inversely associated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional impact of eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation (EPA) in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.","authors":"Lorena Arribas, Laura Hurtós, Anna Esteve, Inmaculada Peiró, Ana Regina González-Tampán, Maryam Choulli, Maite Antonio, Esther Vilajosana, Alicia Lozano Borbalas, Miren Taberna, Ricard Mesía","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01203-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01203-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of habitual diet with skeletal muscle composition in a cross-sectional, population-based imaging study.","authors":"Susanne Rospleszcz, Theresa Burger, Nuha Shugaa Addin, Lena S Kiefer, Thierno D Diallo, Nina Wawro, Christopher L Schlett, Fabian Bamberg, Annette Peters, Kurt Gedrich, Jakob Linseisen","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01222-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01222-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skeletal muscle health influences overall health and functionality. Nutrition is an important contributor to muscle health, however there is insufficient research on the relation between nutrition and muscle composition, i.e. mass and fatty infiltration, on a population-based level.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the association of habitual dietary intake of energy-providing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein and alcohol) and of essential amino acids with skeletal muscle fat and muscle area derived by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a sample of middle-aged individuals from a population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed N = 294 individuals (45% women, mean age 56.5 years) from the KORA-MRI study, Southern Germany. Muscle fat (%) and muscle area (cm²) were assessed by a multi-echo Dixon sequence on whole-body MRI. Habitual dietary intake was calculated based on repeated 24 h recalls and a food frequency questionnaire. Correlation analyses and adjusted regression models were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcohol intake was associated with increased skeletal muscle fat, particularly in men (β = 0.28%, 95% confidence interval [0.10%,0.45%]; p = 0.002) per percent of total energy intake). Protein intake was tentatively associated with lower muscle fat (β=-0.33% [-0.68%,0.01%]; p = 0.052). Accounting for overall protein and energy, specific essential amino acids were tentatively associated with lower muscle fat, e.g. leucine (β=-0.63%, [-1.27%,0.01%]; p = 0.054).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In middle-aged adults, habitual alcohol and protein intake are associated with fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle. Individualized diet adaptations might improve muscle composition and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}