Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of 28-day astaxanthin supplementation on psychological fatigue and biochemical markers in taekwondo athletes: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Meng-Yuan Shu, Long-Ying Pei, Jing Luo, Xiao-Yan Zhang, Hai-Xia Li, Li Shao, Yong Yang, Xiao-Yu Wang, Fang-Lin Jiang, Li Zuo, Yang-Qin Tan, Xiu-Chang Zhang, Jian Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01363-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01363-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Astaxanthin is a natural antioxidant with strong free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties and has been widely used in endurance sports; however, studies specifically targeting taekwondo athletes remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we conducted a 28-day randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial in which young male taekwondo athletes consumed 12 mg of astaxanthin daily to evaluate its effects on oxidative stress, muscle damage, and psychological status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A mixed-design ANOVA showed a significant group × time interaction for creatine kinase (CK), suggesting differential changes in exercise-induced muscle damage over the intervention period. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed significant group and time main effects, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) did not show a significant group × time interaction. Exploratory between-group comparisons suggested higher SOD activity at Weeks 2 and 4 and lower MDA concentrations at Week 4 in the astaxanthin group than in the placebo group. For Athlete Burnout Questionnaire outcomes, only the emotional and physical exhaustion subscale (ABQa) differed between groups at Week 4 in exploratory analysis, while no significant group × time interaction was observed for any burnout subscale.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that daily supplementation with 12 mg of astaxanthin for 28 days may beneficially modulate oxidative stress, muscle damage, and emotional exhaustion in young male taekwondo athletes, whereas its effects on other dimensions of psychological burnout appear to be limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating metabolites in plasma reveal potential target of lung cancer prevention: insights from fatty acids pathway.","authors":"Yunyun Liu, Qinghan Liu, Tong Sun, Honghao Yang, Zheng Ma, Liuxin Li, Chao Ji, Huanhuan Chen, Yang Xia","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01355-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01355-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prospective evidence regarding the associations between circulating fatty acids (FAs) and lung cancer risk-particularly regarding their interplay with exposome factors and genetic susceptibility-remains limited. Furthermore, the predictive utility of FAs as biomarkers for lung cancer has not been fully characterized. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the associations of circulating FAs metabolism with lung cancer risk, focusing on their interactions with smoking and genetic risk profiles, while further assessing their potential as predictive biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 107,954 participants from the UK Biobank study were included in analyses. The associations of circulating FAs, as well as their interactions with polygenic risk score (PRS), smoking status, and FA-related genetic variants, with lung cancer were examined. The differential expression of genes and hub gene involved in FAs metabolism in lung cancer were explored using RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. 10-year lung cancer risk prediction models were developed and evaluated incorporating FAs, PRS, and traditional risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 965 lung cancer cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 12.12 years. Circulating saturated FAs (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratios were positively associated with lung cancer, whereas polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs)/n-3 PUFAs were negatively associated with the outcome (all P _{for trend} < 0.05). Moreover, specific FAs presented significant interaction effects with smoking history, lung cancer-PRS, and FAs-associated alleles on the risk of lung cancer. RNA-sequencing of tumor and normal tissue indicated differential gene expression on FAs metabolism (FDR < 0.05). Models incorporating FAs and traditional risk factors significantly improved lung cancer risk prediction, achieving an area under the curve of 0.788.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identifies significant associations between circulating FAs and lung cancer, characterized by interplays with smoking and genetic risk profiles. These metabolic markers provide incremental predictive value, offering new insights into risk stratification and individualized lung cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-chain omega-3-enriched erythrocyte fatty acid pattern is associated with lower odds of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Lianhui Chen, Yanni Xu, Jiani Zhang, Pengcheng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01366-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01366-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (FAs) reflect medium-term FA status and may capture integrated metabolic profiles beyond individual FAs. Their relationships with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed nationally representative U.S. adults with available erythrocyte FA measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 21 FAs, and the first five components were retained. Survey-weighted regression models evaluated associations of principal component (PC) scores with body weight status and MASLD defined by vibration-controlled transient elastography and cardiometabolic criteria. Pearson correlations assessed relationships between PC scores and energy-adjusted dietary FA intake. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4,979 adults, a long-chain omega-3-enriched pattern (PC2) was independently associated with lower odds of obesity (OR per 1-SD increase 0.74; 95% CI 0.68-0.81; q < 0.001) and was modestly correlated with higher dietary long-chain omega-3 intake (r = 0.22). Among 3,448 participants with valid elastography data, PC2 was similarly associated with lower odds of MASLD (OR per 1-SD increase 0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.80; q < 0.001). PC3, characterized by higher eicosadienoic acid, gondoic acid, and linoleic acid, was also inversely associated with both obesity and MASLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cross-sectional study of U.S. adults, a long-chain omega-3-enriched erythrocyte FA pattern was associated with 26% lower odds of obesity and 27% lower odds of MASLD. These findings suggest that erythrocyte FA patterns may reflect integrated dietary and metabolic FA status associated with obesity and MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of habitual diet and bone marrow adipose tissue - magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based sample.","authors":"Elena Grune, Dunja Hasic, Christopher L Schlett, Fabian Bamberg, Annette Peters, Nina Wawro, Jakob Linseisen, Susanne Rospleszcz, Marc-Nicolas von Itter","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01365-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01365-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a metabolically active fat depot that may influence bone and hematopoietic function, yet its relationship with habitual diet remains largely unexplored at the population level. As diet represents an easily modifiable factor, a better understanding of its role in bone health and potential sex-specific differences is needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined how habitual intake of energy-providing nutrients (fat, carbohydrates, protein, alcohol) and micronutrients (calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D) relates to imaging-derived measures of BMAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a sample from a population-based cohort, habitual diet was assessed based on a food frequency questionnaire and repeated 24 h recalls. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 2-point T1-weighted Dixon sequence, fat fraction of BMAT was quantified at vertebrae L1 and L2 in N = 297 participants (44% women, mean age 56.1 years, mean BMI 28.0 kg/m²) and at left and right femur in N = 163 participants (67% women, mean age 57.5 years, mean BMI 27.1 kg/m²) with available dietary data. Associations between habitual diet and BMAT were assessed using correlation analyses and linear regression models in the overall study population and stratified by sex, adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, and diabetes status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean vertebral and femoral BMAT were 54.8% and 86.5% in women, and 54.6% and 89.8% in men, respectively. Vertebral and femoral BMAT were positively correlated in women (ρ = 0.54, p < 0.001) and men (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.0096). Associations between habitual intake of energy-providing nutrients or micronutrients and BMAT were mostly non-significant across anatomical sites and sexes. Only in women, protein intake was positively associated with vertebral BMAT (β = 1.03, 95%CI [0.2, 1.9], p = 0.020, per percent of total energy intake). In men, an opposite effect direction was observed, which was not significant (β =-0.73, 95%CI [-1.6, 0.1], p = 0.096). For femoral BMAT, all associations were non-significant in either sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population-based sample, habitual dietary intake of energy-providing nutrients and micronutrients showed no consistently significant association with vertebral or femoral BMAT in women and men. Opposite effect directions in men and women, as well as one significant association between protein intake and vertebral BMAT in women were observed in exploratory analyses. This may indicate potential site- and sex-specific differences, underlining the distinct biological properties of this adipose tissue depot.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13343689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory household food consumption patterns and their associations with socioeconomic characteristics in Thailand: analysis of 19 rounds of the national household socio - economic survey from 2000 to 2021.","authors":"Sumaira Zafar, Muhammad Umar, Warangkana Srichamnong, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Keith Lividini, Sabri Bromage","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01353-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01353-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thailand has experienced major shifts in food consumption patterns due to rapid socioeconomic development, urbanization, and globalization, with implications for population nutrition. However, empirical evidence on long-term patterns from survey data is scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed nationally representative household expenditure data on 13 food groups from the Annual Household Socio-Economic Survey (HSES) for 19 waves from 2000-2021, with three waves (2011, 2015, 2019) also including granular data on 257 individual foods. HDDI was calculated at the household level as the count of distinct food groups consumed, based on expenditure data, and to evaluate the nutritional significance of the patterns, HDDI was also correlated with pattern adherence. To all 13 food groups and 257 individual foods, we applied principal component analysis to derive household \"food consumption\" and \"food composition\" patterns (FCPs and FCoPs, based on daily expenditures and proportions of total household expenditures, respectively). Patterns were grouped into five diets and mapped to explore spatiotemporal differences and trends. Generalized linear model (GLM) regression was used to identify associations between patterns and household demographics and socioeconomics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of 13 major food groups from 2000 to 2021 identified four main diet categories for FCPs and FCoPs: Traditional Thai meals, mixed/diversified diets, convenience/prepared foods, and alcohol/lifestyle-related diets. In a detailed analysis of 257 individual foods, five major diets were recognized: four remained consistent from 2000 to 2021, and a fifth was a meat-dominant diet that grouped all patterns with high loadings for meats, specifically red meat. Traditional Thai/home-cooked patterns remained prevalent in rural households and in the Northern and Northeastern regions, though they are gradually declining. Mixed/diversified diets were more common in urban areas, especially in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), but adherence decreased in other regions. Consumption of convenience and prepared foods increased over time as urbanization and changing lifestyles progressed. Alcohol/lifestyle-related diets showed lower adherence, whereas meat-dominant diets were more prevalent in the Northern and Northeastern regions. HDDI was positively correlated with traditional and mixed diets but only weakly or negatively associated with convenience-based dietary patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results reveal persisting consumption of traditional foods in Thai rural and low-income households, while urbanites increasingly consume mixed and convenience diets. Growing reliance on prepared foods and generational and regional differences in alcohol consumption patterns have important implications for public health and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness and sustainable diets: a meta-analysis and CO₂ emission savings scenarios.","authors":"Anna Kosteletzky, Stephanie Margarete Thomas, Carmen Jochem","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01356-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01356-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary habits are a major driver of both human health outcomes and global greenhouse gas emissions, with excessive meat consumption being a key contributor. Mindfulness, understood as purposeful and non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, has been suggested as a psychological factor that can foster more sustainable food choices. However, the empirical evidence on the link between mindfulness and sustainable diets remains fragmented.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>This study presents the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between mindfulness and sustainable dietary behaviors. Twelve articles with 13 studies, published between 2018 and 2025, were included, covering both observational and interventional designs with sample sizes ranging from 16 to 560 participants. A random-effects model revealed a small but significant positive association between mindfulness and sustainable diets (d = 0.28, 95% CI [0.13, 0.43]). Subgroup analyses indicated that observational studies tended to show stronger effects than interventions, and that cultural context played an important moderating role, with larger effects reported in Asian samples. Facet-specific analyses suggested that certain mindfulness dimensions - particularly observing, describing, and non-reactivity - were more strongly associated with sustainable food choices, while others showed weaker or non-significant links. A focused analysis on meat consumption revealed that mindfulness was positively associated with reduced meat intake or vegetarian dietary intentions (d = 0.25). Scenario modelling using national Life Cycle Assessment data from Germany, the UK, and the U.S. demonstrated that the potential reductions in meat intake could translate into substantial CO₂ emission savings. A full adoption of the EAT-Lancet diet was projected to result in cumulative savings of up to 11% of Germany's total emissions budget by 2040, whereas incorporating the population's willingness to reduce meat intake yielded more conservative cumulative savings of 2.8% over the same period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis provides systematic evidence that mindfulness is positively associated with more sustainable dietary behavior and reduced meat consumption. While effects are modest and heterogeneous, the findings suggest that mindfulness could represent a promising lever for promoting dietary change aligned with planetary health goals. Future research should further investigate cultural differences, the role of specific mindfulness facets, and the feasibility of scaling mindfulness-based interventions to support both individual well-being and climate targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerometer-measured physical activity fragmentation and incident cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Haiyang Dong, Chuang Han, Yue Chen, Zhicheng Zhang, Xinming Xu, Yunxin Wang, Zidong Zhao, Xiang Gao, Liang Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01358-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01358-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To examine the associations between the active-to-inactive transition probability (AITP) and incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) based on accelerometer-measured physical activity data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study included 77,571 participants with accelerometer-measured physical activity data from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the associations of AITP with incidence of heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary heart disease (CHD), and composite CVD (an outcome encompassing all three conditions). Residuals from a restricted cubic spline regression of AITP on total physical activity volume were used as adjusted-AITP to explore additional information beyond volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, we documented 1133, 2796, 3514, and 5948 incident cases of HF, AF, CHD, and composite CVD, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile of AITP, the highest quartile exhibited greater risks of incident HF (HR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.25-1.72), AF (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.14-1.41), CHD (HR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.07-1.29), and composite CVD (HR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.14-1.32) after controlling for all covariates. Each interquartile range increase in AITP was associated with a 9-20% higher risk of CVDs. Furthermore, higher adjusted-AITP remained associated with 11-24% increased risks of AF, CHD, and composite CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher level of physical activity fragmentation was associated with higher risks of CVDs compared with lower physical activity fragmentation, even after accounting for total physical activity volume, suggesting that fragmentation could provide additional information for CVD prevention beyond physical activity volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary choline intake and incident dementia in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Hui Chen, Tongtong Li, Minyu Wu, Mario H Flores-Torres, Jie Zheng, Zexin Guo, Jie Yu, Benyan Luo, Dan Liu, Yanhui Lu, Changzheng Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01354-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01354-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Choline plays key roles in neurotransmitter synthesis and membrane integrity, processes fundamental to brain function. However, evidence from population studies on the association of dietary choline intake with dementia risk is mixed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data of 5,301 dementia-free participants (mean age = 68.6 years; 59% females) in the Health and Retirement Study and followed them through 2022. Dietary choline intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire (2013-2014) and energy-adjusted using the residual method. Incident dementia was identified with the Langa-Weir algorithm. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) across quintiles of total intake of choline and its contributing components. We additionally conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of existing prospective cohorts using a two-stage random-effects model with restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up (median = 8.4 years, interquartile range: 6.4-8.9 years), 506 individuals developed dementia. Total choline intake showed a non-linear association with dementia risk. Compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for incident dementia across increasing quintiles of total choline were 0.88 (0.66-1.17), 0.87 (0.65-1.17), 0.68 (0.49-0.92), and 0.91 (0.66-1.25) (P-linear-trend: 0.198, P-non-linearity: 0.024). Among choline contributing components, moderate phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin intake levels were inversely associated with dementia risk (HR comparing quintile 4 to 1: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.46-0.84 and 0.70, 0.52-0.94, respectively). The meta-analysis of five cohorts (137,607 participants, 2459 dementia cases) showed an L-shaped association of dietary choline intake with dementia risk (P-linear-trend: 0.003, P-non-linearity: 0.036) with a turning point at 465 mg/day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this prospective cohort study and dose-response meta-analysis, moderate dietary choline intake was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia in middle-aged and older adults. These findings support further investigation of choline in relation to cognitive aging, particularly the potential non-linear association.</p><p><strong>Registry for meta-analyses: </strong>CRD420251151642.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incident depression: an exploratory multi-omics analysis of candidate biological mediators.","authors":"Zhirong Li, Yating Miao, Ting Yu, Lina Jin, Yanan Ma, Xinyao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01352-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01352-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a leading cause of mental and physical disability globally, with its onset and progression influenced by a complex interplay of dietary, psychological, and biological factors. Recent research suggests a link between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and depression risk, although the potential biological pathways underlying this association remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from 192,045 participants in the UK Biobank to examine the prospective association between SSB consumption and incident depression using Cox proportional hazards models. SSBs were defined as the sum of five beverage categories assessed via the Oxford WebQ 24-hour dietary recall. Directional consistency of the association was further examined across three external supporting datasets encompassing diverse populations: NHANES, YRBSS, and the Lianyungang Municipal School Health and Risk Factor Surveillance Study Dataset. We further investigated whether proteins, metabolites, inflammatory markers, and brain imaging phenotypes may serve as candidate mediators statistically consistent with mediation of the SSB-depression association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High SSB consumption was associated with an 18% higher risk of incident depression compared with non-consumers (HR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.11-1.25), with consistent directional associations observed across external supporting datasets. A plasma proteomic signature comprising 229 proteins was constructed using elastic net regularization and was associated with an increased risk of incident depression. Exploratory mediation analyses identified 72 proteins, 36 metabolites, and 5 inflammatory markers as candidate mediators, with IL1RN showing the strongest protein-level candidate mediating effect (9.6%), and Unsaturation and neutrophil count showing the strongest metabolite- and inflammatory marker-level effects, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides preliminary evidence that proteins, metabolites, and inflammatory markers may serve as candidate mediators statistically consistent with mediation of the association between SSB consumption and incident depression. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, and future experimental studies are needed to validate these candidate pathways and assess their potential as targets for dietary interventions in depression prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Area-level socioeconomic status and children's body weight: examining the role of unhealthy food environments.","authors":"Luis Carmona-Rosado, Julia Díez, Luis Cereijo, José Manuel Díaz-Olalla, Luisa N Borrell, Manuel Franco","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01351-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01351-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with inequities in children's body weight. Yet little is known about whether features of the urban food environment modify this association. We assessed whether and to what extent the availability of unhealthy food retailers modifies the association between area-level SES and weight status among children, overall and by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an ecological study using individual data from a city-wide representative survey of 3505 children, aged 3 to 12 years living in Madrid, Spain. We measured area-level SES at the census-section level using a composite measure and categorized it into tertiles, with T3 representing the highest area-level SES. Our outcome variables were overweight and obesity, measured using anthropometric data on height and weight. As a potential effect modifier, we examined the availability of unhealthy food retailers around children's households. Using Geographic Information Systems, we calculated 400-m street-network buffers and categorized unhealthy retailers' availability into tertiles. We used Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for age, sex, and population density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the prevalence estimates for overweight and obesity were 26.2% and 16.6%, respectively. Compared with children living in high-SES areas (T3), those living in the lowest-SES areas (T1) showed a higher prevalence of overweight (PR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.51) and obesity (PR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.03). Among children with the lowest exposure to unhealthy food retailers, overweight prevalence was higher for children in low-SES areas than in high-SES areas (PR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.96). For obesity, the prevalence was also higher among children living in low- (T1; PR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.36, 6.65) and medium-SES areas (T2; PR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.42, 4.07) relative to those living in high-SES areas (T3). We found a statistically significant interaction between area-level SES and unhealthy food retailer availability for obesity on both additive and multiplicative scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that the urban food environment modifies the association between area-level SES and childhood obesity, whereas the evidence was less consistent for overweight. The persistence of higher obesity prevalence in lower-SES areas, even where exposure to unhealthy food retailers was lower, indicates that food environment interventions may not be sufficient to reduce socioeconomic inequities unless complemented by other structural approaches that address social disadvantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}