Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among US elderly adults: a cross‑sectional study.","authors":"Meiqi Miao, Shigang Qiao, Wen Pan, Zhaochen Xia, Wei Li, Chanchan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01141-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01141-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbes are important for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), a new measure of gut flora-friendly diets, has not been systematically investigated in relation to ASCVD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between DI-GM and the risk of ASCVD in American older adults, also to analyze the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers selected 2234 elderly participants ≥ 65 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 for a cross-sectional cohort study. Stratified analyses were taken based on DI-GM quartile. To achieve our research objectives, we employed logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, interaction effects analysis, and mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for confounders, individuals with higher DI-GM had a significantly lower risk of ASCVD (highest quartile vs. lowest quartile OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52-1.01, P < 0.001). DI-GM was linearly negatively associated with ASCVD (P = 0.13) and the association was stable in the diabetes subgroup (interaction P > 0.05), but age, gender and BMI may modify the association between DI-GM and ASCVD (interaction P < 0.05). BMI mediated 11.51% of the association between DI-GM and ASCVD (95% CI: 2.54%-54.1%, P = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DI-GM is likely to be a promising indicator for the assessment of the risk of ASCVD, with BMI exhibiting a partial mediating effect in this association. Future studies should prioritize a comprehensive investigation of the underlying mechanisms by which DI-GM contributes to atherogenesis, with the aim of enhancing the efficacy of early prevention strategies for ASCVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between bmi and glomerular filtration rate in a large cohort initiating a weight loss program: differential contributions of fat mass, fat-free mass, and abdominal fat compartments.","authors":"Alessandro Leone, Francesca Menichetti, Laila Vignati, Federica Sileo, Ramona De Amicis, Andrea Foppiani, Simona Bertoli, Alberto Battezzati","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01150-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01150-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between BMI and chronic kidney disease is controversial, likely due to the inability of BMI to accurately define body composition and adipose tissue distribution. Our objective was to evaluate the synergistic contribution of fat-free mass, fat mass, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a large cohort of subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 9704 subjects (72% female, median age 47y, median BMI 28.1 kg/m²) was carried out. Each patient underwent an anthropometric assessment (weight, height, waist circumference, % of body fat by body skinfolds), an ultrasound measurement of VAT and SAT and blood sampling to measure metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters and serum creatinine. GFR was estimated using the EPI-CKD equation. MS was defined according to the harmonized criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 9,704 subjects, 61.1% had a normal renal function, while 29.3% reported a reduction, from slightly to severely. The BMI was initially negatively associated with GFR in the univariate model (β = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.25), but after adjusting for %body fat, the association was lost. We then split the BMI into its two components, Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI), and observed that FMI (β = -1.23, 95% CI: -1.35, -1.12) and FFMI (β = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92) were associated with a decrease and an increase in GFR, respectively. VAT (β = -1.83, 95% CI: -2.00, -1.67) and SAT (β = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.86, 3.57) were independently associated with a decrease and an increase in GFR, respectively. Similar results were obtained when studying the association between BMI, body composition, adipose tissue distribution, and the risk of reduced GFR (<90 ml/min/1.73 m²). Stratification by sex and MS did not substantially alter the results. A significant association between VAT and reduced GFR was observed only in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of considering body composition and fat distribution when assessing renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year trajectories of ultra-processed food intake and prospective associations with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: findings from the Whitehall II cohort study.","authors":"Mengmei E Wang, Clare H LIewellyn, Michail Katsoulis, Tasnime N Akbaraly, Samuel J Dicken, Jiahao Liu, Adrian Brown, Annie Britton","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01144-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01144-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes; however, research on UPF intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis has largely neglected its longitudinal pattern over time. This study investigated trajectories of UPF intake over a decade and their prospective associations with the risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD, as well as all-cause mortality, using data spanning from 16 to 19 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the British Whitehall II cohort study, including 7,138 participants (68.3% male; median baseline age 60.4 years), all free of CVD at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 127-item food frequency questionnaire at three time points: phase 3 (1991-1994), phase 5 (1997-1999), and phase 7 (2002-2004). UPF intake was estimated using the Nova classification, and group-based trajectory modelling identified different longitudinal consumption patterns. Phase 7 (2002-2004) was the baseline for subsequent monitoring of cardiovascular events and mortality outcomes until 2019/2021. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for socio-demographics, lifestyle, diet quality, energy intake, and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct UPF trajectory groups were identified: high (26.2% of participants), moderate (52.9%) and low UPF intake (20.9%). All groups showed a slight increase in UPF intake over time. Over the median follow-up of 16 years for incident cases and 19 years for mortality, we observed 1,128 incident CVD events, 859 CHD cases and 1,314 deaths. The highest vs. lowest UPF intake group had a 23% higher risk of CVD (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40), and a 32% higher risk of CHD (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.65). No significant associations were observed between UPF trajectory groups and CVD mortality, CHD mortality, or all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sustained high UPF intake over 10 years was associated with increased risks of non-fatal CVD and CHD but not with CVD-specific, CHD-specific, or all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that sustained high intake of UPF may be a modifiable risk factor for preventing non-fatal cardiovascular risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between total, animal, and plant protein intake and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight and obese children and adolescents.","authors":"Ali Nikparast, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Kimia Forouzan, Mahdi Amani Farani, Pooneh Dehghan, Pejman Rohani, Golaleh Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01142-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01142-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary protein plays a crucial role in the growth and development of children and adolescents. However, recent evidence has shown inconsistent findings regarding the impact of dietary protein sources on health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between total, animal, and plant protein intake and the odds of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in overweight and obese children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 505 participants (52.9% males) aged 6-18 years, with a body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score ≥ 1 based on WHO standards. MAFLD diagnosis followed established consensus definitions. Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein was assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MAFLD across protein intake and subtype quartiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants had a mean age of 10.0 ± 2.3 years and a mean BMI-for-age z-score of 2.70 ± 1.01. Higher animal protein intake was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MAFLD (highest vs. lowest quartile OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.01-5.30). Conversely, higher plant protein intake was significantly associated with reduced odds of MAFLD (highest vs. lowest quartile OR:0.48;95% CI:0.23-0.96). No significant relationship was found between total protein intake and MAFLD odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the significance of dietary protein source in the odds of MAFLD among overweight and obese children and adolescents. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional association between the isocaloric replacement of carbohydrates with protein and fat in relation to fat compartments distribution and hepatic lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Alexander Lang, Edyta Schaefer, Yuliya Kupriyanova, Janina Goletzke, Katharina S Weber, Anette E Buyken, Sabine Kahl, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Christian Herder, Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling, Oliver Kuss, Robert Wagner, Michael Roden, Sabrina Schlesinger","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01145-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01145-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diets restricted in carbohydrates may be beneficial for diabetes management. However, without reducing energy intake, carbohydrate restriction results in increased protein and fat intake. Understanding how this macronutrient substitution is associated with adipose tissue distribution is important to prevent diabetes progression. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with fat and protein in relation to subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic lipid (HL) content in individuals with recent-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), accounting for macronutrient quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis includes participants with T1D (n = 137) and T2D (n = 170) from the German Diabetes Study (GDS). Dietary macronutrient intake was derived from dietary information assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. SAT and VAT were measured with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, while HL content with ¹H MR spectroscopy. Isocaloric substitution analyses based on multivariable linear regression models were conducted to examine the replacement of total and higher glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates in energy percent (En%) with total fat, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), and protein in regard to SAT, VAT and HL content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In individuals with T1D, substituting carbohydrates with total fat was not associated with SAT, while substituting carbohydrates with protein demonstrated higher SAT [β (95% CI) per 5 En%: 3100 cm³ (25, 6200)]. In individuals with T2D, replacing carbohydrates with total fat or protein showed no association with SAT and VAT. However, substituting carbohydrates with PUFA was associated with lower VAT [-970 cm³ (-1900, -40)] and HL content [-3.3% (-6.9, 0.4)], while replacing carbohydrates with SFA was associated with higher HL content [2.4% (-0.6, 5.4)]. Substituting carbohydrates with protein was associated with lower HL content in individuals with T2D [-2.4% (-4.9, 0.0)], mainly driven by plant-based protein. There were no substantial differences between the replacement of total and higher GI carbohydrates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The quality of substituted nutrients may play an important role for adipose tissue and HL accumulation in individuals with T2D. Particularly, integrating PUFAs and plant-based proteins into the diet seems beneficial for VAT and HL content.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of saffron supplementation on inflammation and hematological parameters in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Shirin Hassanizadeh, Babak Alikiaii, Mohammad Hossein Rouhani, Shokoofeh Talebi, Zeinab Mokhtari, Manoj Sharma, Mohammad Bagherniya","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01148-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01148-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Critically ill patients suffering from sepsis are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to its serious complications. Saffron as an herbal medicine has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects previously. Hence, this study aimed to determine how saffron supplementation affected inflammatory and hematological factors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 ICU sepsis patients with GCS lower than 13 were randomized to receive either an intervention tablet containing 100 mg of saffron or a placebo tablet containing 100 mg of corn starch for seven days. Before and after the intervention, clinical, inflammatory, hematological, and mortality parameters were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After seven days, the saffron group showed a significantly decline from baseline compared to the placebo group in inflammatory markers, including CRP (-24.58 ± 22.16 vs. -2.42 ± 30.86; P < 0.001), ESR (-5.36 ± 28.75 vs. 24.29 ± 28.24; P < 0.001), IL-6 (-22.09 ± 25.22 vs. -4.02 ± 20.04; P < 0.001), IL-18 (-9.56 ± 9.31 vs. -0.89 ± 3.38; P < 0.001), and TNF-α (-2.52 ± 3.79 vs. -0.035 ± 2.35; P < 0.001). Regarding clinical outcomes, significant improvements were observed in APACHE II (-2.55 ± 5.47 vs. 0.78 ± 3.37; P = 0.003), SOFA (-1 ± 1.07 vs. -0.05 ± 1.53; P < 0.001), NUTRIC score (-1.2 ± 1.01 vs. 0.2 ± 0.87; P < 0.001), and WBC count (-4176.34 ± 4063.01 vs. 61.57 ± 4118.97; P < 0.001). Moreover, the effect sizes (Cohen's d) for these factors ranged from moderate to large, except for IL-6, which had a small effect size (d = -0.38). However, no significant differences were found between the groups in the Glasgow Coma Scale, FOUR Score, 28-day and 90-day mortality rates, or other hematological parameters (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Saffron administration in sepsis patients admitted to the ICU led to significant improvements in inflammatory markers and some clinical parameters. However, the clinical significance of these findings remains to be fully established.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20201129049534N8. It was registered on 17 March 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phototherapy combined with Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 on improving neonatal jaundice and gut microbiome health: a randomized double-blind clinical study.","authors":"Ming-Luen Tsai, Shang-Po Shen, Yin-Ting Chen, Hsiao-Yu Chiu, Hsiang-Yu Lin, Hao-Wen Cheng, Yi-Wei Kuo, Jia-Hung Lin, Hui-Shan Wang, Yen-Yu Huang, Ching-Min Li, Yu-Hshun Chin, Hsieh-Hsun Ho, Hung-Chih Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01126-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01126-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal jaundice is a common condition observed in newborns shortly after birth, making it one of the most frequent health concerns during the first two weeks of life. This study, conducted between May 2019 and July 2023, enrolled 300 full-term infants with bilirubin levels exceeding 15 mg/dL on the fourth day after birth. The infants were recruited and randomly assigned in equal numbers to one of three groups for further investigation. In addition to the control group, the other two groups of infants received probiotic supplementation administered twice daily, with each capsule delivering 5 × 10⁹ CFU of either Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9. Both probiotic groups significantly reduced the overall duration of phototherapy and accelerated the rate of bilirubin reduction compared to the control group. The AP-32 group experienced a significant reduction in hospitalization duration, staying seven hours less than the placebo group (P = 0.024). Analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the probiotic groups significantly enhanced microbial diversity in the intestines of neonates. The AP-32 group showed a significant increase in the abundance of L. salivarius, while the CP-9 group demonstrated a notable enhancement in the abundance of B. animalis. These findings suggest that integrating phototherapy with probiotic supplementation may enhance jaundice clearance increasing the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby facilitating the recovery of neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and characterizing shared and ethnic background site-specific dietary patterns in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).","authors":"Roberta De Vito, Briana Stephenson, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Anna-Maria Siega-Riz, Josiemer Mattei, Maria Parpinel, Brandilyn A Peters, Sierra A Bainter, Martha L Daviglus, Linda Van Horn, Valeria Edefonti","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01138-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) are critical for capturing actual dietary behaviour. However, assessing their reproducibility across (sub)populations requires novel modelling approaches beyond descriptive statistics. Multi-study factor analysis derives DPs that are shared among all studies/subpopulations and those specific to a study or subpopulation of interest. Bayesian implementation of the multi-study factor analysis (BMSFA) is more flexible than frequentist as it imposes fewer assumptions and improves factor selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied BMSFA to 24-h dietary recalls from the baseline visit (2008-2011) of the US Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (n = 16,415). The analysis was conducted on 42 common nutrients to identify shared and subpopulation-specific DPs. Subpopulations were defined based on the cross-classification of ethnic background (Cuban, Dominican Republic, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central and South American) and study site (Bronx, Chicago, Miami, San Diego) resulting in 12 Ethnic Background Site (EBS) categories. Regression analysis characterized DPs in terms of food groups, overall diet quality, socio-demographic/lifestyle factors, adjusting for survey design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified four shared DPs across all EBS categories: Plant-based foods, Processed foods, Dairy products, and Seafood. Additionally, twelve EBS-specific DPs were identified-one for each EBS category. Most EBS-specific DPs were further grouped into overarching profiles: Animal vs. vegetable source, Animal source only, and Poultry vs. dairy products, to capture nuances within animal-based DPs. Puerto Rican background participants from Chicago expressed a strikingly different DP from all others (i.e., high on beta-carotene and low on starch/iron/thiamin). Higher overall diet quality was observed with increasing categories of Plant-based foods, Seafood, and the \"Puerto Rican background - Chicago\" EBS-specific DP, whereas increasing categories of Dairy products, Processed foods, and the remaining EBS-specific DPs were related to lower diet quality. Compared to non-US-born participants, US-born individuals had significantly higher adjusted mean scores in absolute value for most DPs. Specifically, they exhibited lower adherence to the Plant-based foods and Dairy products DPs but higher adherence to Processed foods, Seafood, and six EBS-specific DPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BMSFA successfully captured sources of dietary homogeneity and heterogeneity among US Hispanic/Latino adults across ethnic backgrounds and study sites. The study highlighted the crucial role of nativity on DPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based interventions addressing multiple forms of malnutrition among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.","authors":"Marijana Ranisavljev, Adi Lukas Kurniawan, Elisabetta Ferrero, Sachin Shinde, Shuangyu Zhao, Uttara Partap, Ntombizodumo Mkwanazi, Noubar Clarisse Dah, Erick Agure, Hanna Y Berhane, Christine Neumann, Deda Ogum Alangea, Shuyan Liu, Sergej M Ostojic, Wafaie W Fawzi, Fiona Walsh, Till Bärnighausen","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01136-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01136-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-based interventions hold promise for addressing adolescent malnutrition, but there is limited knowledge of their nature and impact on adolescent nutrition outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review aimed to characterize community-based adolescent nutrition interventions in LMICs and summarize their effects on adolescent nutrition outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2000 and 2023. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies addressing adolescent malnutrition in LMIC community settings, involving adolescents aged 10-19 years. A narrative synthesis was employed to analyze and describe the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review included 37 records from 36 studies conducted in 27 countries. Interventions included micronutrient supplementation, nutrition education, food supplementation and fortification, physical activity education, and multicomponent approaches. The intervention duration ranged from 3 weeks to 2 years, with limited studies grounded in theoretical frameworks. Fifty-seven percent of interventions (n = 21) targeted adolescent girls, indicating a gap in programs for boys and other vulnerable groups, such as out-of-school adolescents and migrants. The intervention delivery agents included research staff and healthcare professionals. The majority of interventions were delivered in person; few utilized social media strategies. Among the studies reviewed, nine out of ten evaluating micronutrient supplementation, six out of seven assessing nutrition education, and seven out of eight examining multicomponent interventions reported improvement in at least one nutrition or diet-related outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community-based interventions hold promise for improving adolescent nutritional status in LMICs. However, our review highlights gaps in the evidence base, marked by significant variability in intervention design, delivery, and implementation platforms. This underscores the need for integrated approaches and rigorous evaluations of their implementation outcomes, including acceptability, relevance, feasibility, effectiveness, and sustainability, in addressing adolescent nutrition challenges.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The review protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework on 19 July 2023 ( https://osf.io/t2d78 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of dietary fat and fatty acid intake with ovarian cancer survival: findings from the OOPS, a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yi-Fan Wei, Yi-Lin Xu, Yi-Zi Li, Shu-Hong Huang, Xue Qin, Shi Yan, Jin Xu, Fang-Hua Liu, Song Gao, Meng Luan, Ting-Ting Gong, Qi-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01135-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01135-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary fat and fatty acid intakes impact the occurrence and development of several cancers. However, the evidence regarding fat and fatty acid intake and ovarian cancer (OC) survival is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS), a prospective cohort study, analyzed data collected from 703 OC patients. Deaths were ascertained via medical records and active follow-up. Dietary intake was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for association evaluation. Furthermore, several subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 130 patients died during a median follow-up of 37.17 (interquartile: 24.73-50.17) months. Relative to the lowest tertile of intake, patients with the highest tertile of total fat (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.01-3.49), total fatty acid (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.27-3.80), total saturated fatty acid (SFA) (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.22-3.34), shorter-chain SFA (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.03-2.47), long-chain SFA (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.03-2.77), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.02-3.05), and animal-based MUFA (HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.17-3.58) intake had higher all-cause mortality risk. In contrast, individuals in the highest tertile of egg fat (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35-0.92) and fruit and vegetable fat (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.31-0.75) intake exhibited a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Additionally, significant positive associations with all-cause mortality were identified for the consumption of several common fatty acids, including capric acid (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.23-3.00), myristic acid (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.15-3.02), palmitic acid (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07-2.76), stearic acid (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.12-3.31), and oleic acid (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.13-3.40), when comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified a linkage of higher intake of total fats, total fatty acids, SFAs, shorter-chain SFAs, long-chain SFAs, total MUFAs, and animal-based MUFAs with increased all-cause mortality of OC patients. Conversely, consumption of egg fats and fruit and vegetable fats demonstrated inverse associations with all-cause mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}