Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis supplementation on intestinal permeability, oxidative stress markers, quality of life, and disease severity in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Saeede Jafari Nasab, Awat Feizi, Parisa Hajihashemi, Mohammad-Hassan Entezari, Manoj Sharma, Peyman Adibi, Mohammad Bagherniya","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01152-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01152-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary enterolignan concentrations and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in pregnant US women.","authors":"Ling Shi, Tiffany A Moore Simas, Alice H Lichtenstein, Yuqing Zhang, Qi Sun, Laura L Hayman","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior evidence suggests that dietary lignans may mitigate inflammation, attenuate insulin resistance, and improve blood lipids. Little is known about the effects of lignans in pregnant women who are at elevated risk of glucose and lipid abnormalities, partially due to increase in estrogen levels during pregnancy. This study was designed to investigate the association between dietary lignan intake, measured as urinary enterolignans (enterodiol and enterolactone), with blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic risks in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 480 pregnant women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010 and had data for urinary enterolignan concentrations. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between urinary enterolignan concentrations and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. Cardiometabolic risk markers were log-transformed and geometric means were calculated by quartiles of urinary enterolignan concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher urinary enterolignan concentrations were associated with a more beneficial cardiometabolic profile: comparing women in the highest versus lowest quartiles of total enterolignan concentrations, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 62 versus 54 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.01); triacylglycerol (TG) was 141 versus 171 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.004); TG/HDL-C ratio was 2.3 versus 3.2 (P for trend = 0.001); Total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio was 3.4 versus 3.9 (P for trend = 0.03); C-reactive protein (CRP) was 0.4 versus 0.7 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.01); and fasting insulin was 7.7 versus 13.9 μU/mL (P for trend < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lignan intake may have favorable effects on cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The results of our study showed that urinary excretion of enterolignans were inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women. These findings support further investigation on the role of lignans in modifying lipid and glucose metabolism. Given the high prevalence of maternal insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia and its serious health consequences for both women and their offspring, the use of lignans, if demonstrated to be efficacious, could provide a cost-effective option for curbing this epidemic by prevention and early treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of overall and site-specific cancers in Korean adults: results from two prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Sihan Song, Hae Dong Woo, Jieun Lyu, Bo Mi Song, Joong-Yeon Lim, Hyun-Young Park","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01146-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01146-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The link between vitamin D and cancer remains inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and overall and site-specific cancers in Korean adults using data from two large prospective cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in a subset of participants from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study (2005-2012) and the Health Examinees Study (2009-2013). We followed 46,514 adults aged ≥ 40 years who consented to linkage with national cancer registry data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence according to quartiles of season-standardized 25(OH)D levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median season-standardized 25(OH)D level was 45.6 nmol/L (interquartile range: 33.6-59.7 nmol/L). During the median follow-up of 10.6 years, 3,529 incident cancer cases were recorded. Compared with the first quartile, the upper quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were associated with a lower risk of overall cancer [HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.77-0.95), 0.84 (0.75-0.93), and 0.80 (0.72-0.89), respectively; P for trend < 0.001]. For site-specific cancers, the HRs (95% CIs) for the comparison of extreme quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were 0.72 (0.52-0.99) for colorectal cancer, 0.32 (0.21-0.50) for liver cancer, and 0.75 (0.55-1.04) for lung cancer. Upon categorization of serum 25(OH)D levels based on absolute cut-off points, participants with levels ≥ 75 nmol/L had significantly lower risks of overall, liver, and lung cancers compared with those with levels < 30 nmol/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that higher 25(OH)D levels are associated with a lower risk of overall and some site-specific cancers in the Korean population.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary index for gut microbiota and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective gene-diet study.","authors":"Dong-Run Li, Bang-Quan Liu, Ming-Hui Li, Ying Qin, Jia-Cheng Liu, Wen-Rui Zheng, Ting-Ting Gong, Shan-Yan Gao, Qi-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01151-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01151-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed index that evaluates dietary intake patterns associated with gut microbial health. Limited studies have examined whether DI-GM influences gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the association between DI-GM and GI cancer risk and evaluate its combined effect with genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 178,148 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one 24-hour dietary recall. DI-GM was constructed from 13 dietary components known to influence gut microbial health and was divided into three groups. The GI cancer polygenic risk score was calculated from 205 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the associations between DI-GM, genetic risk, and GI cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 13.47 years, 2,682 participants developed GI cancer. In fully adjusted models, higher DI-GM was associated with a lower GI cancer risk (HR for GI cancer: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.92; HR for EC: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.86; HR for GC: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.71-1.39; HR for CRC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.95), compared with participants in the lowest DI-GM category. In joint analysis, individuals with higher DI-GM and lower genetic risk had lower GI cancer risk, with HRs (95% CI) of 0.28 (0.21, 0.36), 0.50 (0.42, 0.58) for low and intermediate genetic risk, respectively, compared with those with low DI-GM and high genetic risk. And a significant interaction between DI-GM and genetic risk was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher DI-GM was associated with a lower risk of GI cancer including EC and CRC. These findings highlight the importance of considering a gut microbiota-friendly diet and genetic risk in GI cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of the \"Feel Good\" feasibility study - a multi-component fruit and vegetable intervention in children measuring cognitive and mental health outcomes.","authors":"Nicola A Gillies, Jeanette P Rapson, Amy L Lovell, Karen E Waldie, Clare R Wall","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01137-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01137-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational evidence suggests that increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has the potential to improve children's cognitive function and mental well-being, but this has not yet been empirically tested in intervention research. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component FV intervention which measures mental and cognitive health outcomes in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 'Feel Good Study' was a cluster-randomised controlled feasibility study conducted in four New Zealand primary schools, with equal allocation of schools to intervention and wait-list control arms. The intervention group received a 10-week FV programme informed by behavioural theory, including school- and home-based components designed to improve FV availability and acceptance. The wait-list control group received a simplified 5-week version of the intervention. Dietary, cognitive, and mental health outcomes were completed by children and parents/caregivers at the start and end of the 10-week study period. Primary outcomes of this feasibility study were recruitment, retention, and data collection rates. Process evaluation captured measures of intervention fidelity and dose, acceptability, reach, and barriers or facilitators to implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy children were recruited (79% of target recruitment rate), with an average retention rate of 89%. Diet, cognitive, and mental health data collection procedures were feasible, with all data valid for analysis except for 6% of children's dietary questionnaires. All intervention components were delivered (100% dose delivered), with high levels of fidelity (82% - 100% of components implemented as planned). All teachers and parents strongly agreed that they would recommend other schools/families take part in the study, indicating high levels of acceptability. Process evaluation revealed areas for refinement including more cohesive connections between school- and home-based intervention components, strengthening or adding new intervention components, and simplifying enrolment procedures with longer recruitment periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Having satisfied key feasibility and acceptance measures in the Feel Good Study, we recommend intervention refinement and progression to a definitive trial where the efficacy of increased FV intake for mental health and cognitive function can be tested in children for the first time.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial protocol was prospectively registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000533695) on 2 May 2023, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385829&isReview=true .</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.","authors":"Jianhua Ma, Pingan Li, Jinqi Wang, Haiping Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Lixin Tao, Xinghua Yang, Yanxia Luo, Xiuhua Guo, Bo Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01139-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01139-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has increased substantially in recent years. Previous studies have established the associations between vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms, and the risk of individual cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the role of these factors in the progression of CMD to CMM or mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between vitamin D, VDR polymorphisms, and the dynamic progression of CMM, as well as to explore the potential modification effect of VDR polymorphisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this cohort study were extracted from the UK Biobank. CMM was defined as the coexistence of at least two CMDs, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. A multi-state model was used to analyze associations between serum 25(OH)D, VDR polymorphisms and the dynamic progression of CMM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 396,192 participants. Over a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 55,772 individuals experienced at least one CMD and 28,624 died. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L, those with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L had HRs of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.72) for baseline to first CMD (FCMD), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.82) for FCMD to CMM, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.70) for baseline to death, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77, 0.92) for FCMD to death, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.70, 1.03) for CMM to death. L-shaped relationships of these associations were noted, with a threshold around 45 nmol/L. The rs1544410 (BsmI) T alleles may have a detrimental effect, while the rs11568820 (Cdx2) T alleles may exert a protective effect in the early stages of CMM progression. Additionally, VDR polymorphisms significantly modified the association between serum 25(OH)D and certain stages of CMM progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, as a readily implementable intervention strategy, not only reduces the risk of initial CMD but also delays the progression to CMM or death. Risk stratification based on VDR polymorphisms provides further insights for developing personalized prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among US elderly adults: a cross‑sectional study.","authors":"Meiqi Miao, Shigang Qiao, Wen Pan, Zhaochen Xia, Wei Li, Chanchan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01141-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01141-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbes are important for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), a new measure of gut flora-friendly diets, has not been systematically investigated in relation to ASCVD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between DI-GM and the risk of ASCVD in American older adults, also to analyze the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers selected 2234 elderly participants ≥ 65 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 for a cross-sectional cohort study. Stratified analyses were taken based on DI-GM quartile. To achieve our research objectives, we employed logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, interaction effects analysis, and mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for confounders, individuals with higher DI-GM had a significantly lower risk of ASCVD (highest quartile vs. lowest quartile OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52-1.01, P < 0.001). DI-GM was linearly negatively associated with ASCVD (P = 0.13) and the association was stable in the diabetes subgroup (interaction P > 0.05), but age, gender and BMI may modify the association between DI-GM and ASCVD (interaction P < 0.05). BMI mediated 11.51% of the association between DI-GM and ASCVD (95% CI: 2.54%-54.1%, P = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DI-GM is likely to be a promising indicator for the assessment of the risk of ASCVD, with BMI exhibiting a partial mediating effect in this association. Future studies should prioritize a comprehensive investigation of the underlying mechanisms by which DI-GM contributes to atherogenesis, with the aim of enhancing the efficacy of early prevention strategies for ASCVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between bmi and glomerular filtration rate in a large cohort initiating a weight loss program: differential contributions of fat mass, fat-free mass, and abdominal fat compartments.","authors":"Alessandro Leone, Francesca Menichetti, Laila Vignati, Federica Sileo, Ramona De Amicis, Andrea Foppiani, Simona Bertoli, Alberto Battezzati","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01150-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01150-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between BMI and chronic kidney disease is controversial, likely due to the inability of BMI to accurately define body composition and adipose tissue distribution. Our objective was to evaluate the synergistic contribution of fat-free mass, fat mass, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a large cohort of subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 9704 subjects (72% female, median age 47y, median BMI 28.1 kg/m²) was carried out. Each patient underwent an anthropometric assessment (weight, height, waist circumference, % of body fat by body skinfolds), an ultrasound measurement of VAT and SAT and blood sampling to measure metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters and serum creatinine. GFR was estimated using the EPI-CKD equation. MS was defined according to the harmonized criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 9,704 subjects, 61.1% had a normal renal function, while 29.3% reported a reduction, from slightly to severely. The BMI was initially negatively associated with GFR in the univariate model (β = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.25), but after adjusting for %body fat, the association was lost. We then split the BMI into its two components, Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI), and observed that FMI (β = -1.23, 95% CI: -1.35, -1.12) and FFMI (β = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92) were associated with a decrease and an increase in GFR, respectively. VAT (β = -1.83, 95% CI: -2.00, -1.67) and SAT (β = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.86, 3.57) were independently associated with a decrease and an increase in GFR, respectively. Similar results were obtained when studying the association between BMI, body composition, adipose tissue distribution, and the risk of reduced GFR (<90 ml/min/1.73 m²). Stratification by sex and MS did not substantially alter the results. A significant association between VAT and reduced GFR was observed only in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of considering body composition and fat distribution when assessing renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year trajectories of ultra-processed food intake and prospective associations with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: findings from the Whitehall II cohort study.","authors":"Mengmei E Wang, Clare H LIewellyn, Michail Katsoulis, Tasnime N Akbaraly, Samuel J Dicken, Jiahao Liu, Adrian Brown, Annie Britton","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01144-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01144-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes; however, research on UPF intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis has largely neglected its longitudinal pattern over time. This study investigated trajectories of UPF intake over a decade and their prospective associations with the risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD, as well as all-cause mortality, using data spanning from 16 to 19 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the British Whitehall II cohort study, including 7,138 participants (68.3% male; median baseline age 60.4 years), all free of CVD at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 127-item food frequency questionnaire at three time points: phase 3 (1991-1994), phase 5 (1997-1999), and phase 7 (2002-2004). UPF intake was estimated using the Nova classification, and group-based trajectory modelling identified different longitudinal consumption patterns. Phase 7 (2002-2004) was the baseline for subsequent monitoring of cardiovascular events and mortality outcomes until 2019/2021. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for socio-demographics, lifestyle, diet quality, energy intake, and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct UPF trajectory groups were identified: high (26.2% of participants), moderate (52.9%) and low UPF intake (20.9%). All groups showed a slight increase in UPF intake over time. Over the median follow-up of 16 years for incident cases and 19 years for mortality, we observed 1,128 incident CVD events, 859 CHD cases and 1,314 deaths. The highest vs. lowest UPF intake group had a 23% higher risk of CVD (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40), and a 32% higher risk of CHD (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.65). No significant associations were observed between UPF trajectory groups and CVD mortality, CHD mortality, or all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sustained high UPF intake over 10 years was associated with increased risks of non-fatal CVD and CHD but not with CVD-specific, CHD-specific, or all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that sustained high intake of UPF may be a modifiable risk factor for preventing non-fatal cardiovascular risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between total, animal, and plant protein intake and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight and obese children and adolescents.","authors":"Ali Nikparast, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Kimia Forouzan, Mahdi Amani Farani, Pooneh Dehghan, Pejman Rohani, Golaleh Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01142-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01142-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary protein plays a crucial role in the growth and development of children and adolescents. However, recent evidence has shown inconsistent findings regarding the impact of dietary protein sources on health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between total, animal, and plant protein intake and the odds of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in overweight and obese children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 505 participants (52.9% males) aged 6-18 years, with a body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score ≥ 1 based on WHO standards. MAFLD diagnosis followed established consensus definitions. Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein was assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MAFLD across protein intake and subtype quartiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants had a mean age of 10.0 ± 2.3 years and a mean BMI-for-age z-score of 2.70 ± 1.01. Higher animal protein intake was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MAFLD (highest vs. lowest quartile OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.01-5.30). Conversely, higher plant protein intake was significantly associated with reduced odds of MAFLD (highest vs. lowest quartile OR:0.48;95% CI:0.23-0.96). No significant relationship was found between total protein intake and MAFLD odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the significance of dietary protein source in the odds of MAFLD among overweight and obese children and adolescents. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}