Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"The association between urinary and dietary potassium and diabetic microvascular complications: insights from UK Biobank data.","authors":"Chao Li, Jingjing Zeng, Xufang Huang, Ying Li, Aaron M Lett, Yucen Wu, Qiqi You, Wan Fu, Shaoyong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01161-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01161-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Potassium plays an important role in glucose metabolism and blood vessel. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the intake of potassium and diabetic microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to explore whether inadequate potassium intake increases the risk of developing diabetic microvascular complications, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy using the UK Biobank database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 22,395 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline. Urinary potassium and creatinine were measured by potentiometry and photometric assay respectively. Dietary potassium intake was measured using the 24-hour dietary recall method. The occurrence of microvascular complications was determined using ICD-10 codes from cumulative hospitalization records and death records in the national death registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the relationship between urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio, dietary potassium, and overall and individual microvascular complications, generating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the minimum potassium-to-creatinine ratio group, the highest potassium-to-creatinine ratio group had a significantly lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications (HR, 0.70 [95% CI 0.63-0.78]; P for trend < 0.001) and diabetic nephropathy (HR, 0.54 [95% CI 0.47-0.61]; P for trend < 0.001). The group with the highest dietary potassium had a significantly lower risk of diabetic nephropathy (HR, 0.48 [95% CI 0.29-0.80], P for trend = 0.005) than the minimum dietary potassium group. The restricted cubic spline results showed a non-linear relationship between urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio and overall microvascular complications and diabetic nephropathy, with nonlinear P values of 0.009 and < 0.001, respectively, and a generally declining trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio was significantly negatively associated with overall diabetic microvascular complications and diabetic nephropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12218834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay of genetics and fatty acid metabolism: exploring their impact on metabolic syndrome in Swedish men.","authors":"Harpa Oskarsdottir, Arnar Palsson, Erla B Olafsdottir, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Salahuddin Mohammad, Ulf Risérus, Helgi B Schiöth, Gudrun V Skuladottir, Jessica Mwinyi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01168-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01168-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic risk variants for obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been identified, but their link to relevant metabolic health parameters warrants further attention. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity are linked to changes in fatty acid (FA) profiles in serum cholesteryl esters, lipid metabolism, and MetS risk.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM), conducted in men at age 50 (N = 1973) and age 70 (N = 982), were used to investigate SNPs associated with body mass index (BMI) in genome-wide association studies with metabolic parameters at age 50. The significant SNPs and associated lipid parameters were then used as predictors of MetS over a 20-year follow-up period, at age 70 in binary regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two genes, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) (rs7103411) and the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) (rs1558902), together with delta-5-desaturase (D5D) activity, 20:5n-3 in serum cholesteryl esters (CE), fasting blood glucose, abdominal skinfold thickness, apolipoprotein-B, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at age 50, significantly predicted the risk of MetS at age 70.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest a considerable contribution of the SNPs BDNF rs7103411, FTO rs1558902, and ETV5 rs9816226, along with low D5D activities and serum levels of HDL-C in men at age 50, to the risk for MetS 20 years later.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of coffee consumption and caffeine intake on cognitive performance in older adults: a comprehensive analysis using NHANES data and gene correlation analysis.","authors":"Jinrui Li, Kai Yu, Fan Bu, Peng Li, Lei Hao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01173-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01173-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effects of coffee consumption and caffeine intake on cognitive performance in older adults, with a particular focus on the potential mediating role of alkaline phosphatase(ALP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014, involving 2,254 participants aged 60 and older. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). To establish causal relationships between coffee consumption, caffeine intake, ALP levels, and cognitive performance, we employed methodologies such as Mendelian randomization, protein quantitative trait locus analysis, and protein-protein interaction networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NHANES study revealed significant findings regarding coffee consumption and cognitive performance. Compared to non-coffee consumers, individuals consuming ≥ 480 g/day of coffee had a significantly lower odds of low CERAD scores, with an adjusted OR of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41-0.82) in the fully adjusted Model 4. Similarly, those consuming caffeinated coffee 477.9 g/day) had an OR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.34-0.92). A comparison of the lowest quartile of ALP intake with the highest quartile showed an OR of 1.82 (95% CI: 1.16-2.85), indicating a negative correlation with cognitive performance. Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies suggested that increased coffee intake is associated with cognitive impairment progression, while coffee consumption may protect against Lewy body dementia (OR = 0.2365, 95% CI: 0.0582-0.9610). Additionally, coffee/caffeine intake affected serum ALP (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.93) and cognitive ability (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98), both indicating protective effects. Finally, the IGFLR1 gene exhibited a moderate colocalization with ALP, suggesting potential therapeutic significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence of a positive correlation between coffee consumption, caffeine intake, and cognitive performance in older adults, with ALP potentially contributing to this relationship. These findings underscore the importance of considering dietary factors in cognitive health management for aging populations, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the specific mechanisms involved.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning models integrating dietary data predict all-cause mortality in U.S. NAFLD patients: an NHANES-based study.","authors":"Pinchu Chen, Yao Li, Chenfenglin Yang, Qifan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01170-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01170-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, closely associated with metabolic abnormalities and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Despite the critical role of diet in disease progression, most existing prognostic models for NAFLD fail to incorporate dietary factors. This study aims to integrate demographic, serological, and nutritional data. It focuses on developing machine learning models that predict all-cause mortality risk in NAFLD patients, with a particular emphasis on dietary interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018, comprising 2,589 NAFLD participants, were analyzed. Variables associated with survival outcomes were selected using LASSO-Cox regression. Five machine learning models-Random Survival Forest (RSF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), CoxBoost, and Survival Support Vector Machine (SurvivalSVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) -were developed and their performance evaluated through time-dependent AUC, ROC curves, C-index, Brier score and Kaplan-Meier analysis. SHAP values were employed for model interpretability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LASSO-Cox regression identified 13 significant variables, including age, household income, blood glucose, sedentary behavior, dietary fiber intake and so on. The GBM and RSF models demonstrated strong predictive performance with AUC values around 0.8 for both 5- and 10-year survival predictions, and also performed well in terms of C-index and Brier score. SHAP analysis revealed that advanced age, low household income, hyperglycemia, and sedentary behavior were associated with poor prognosis, whereas higher dietary fiber intake was linked to improved survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study integrates dietary data into machine learning models, demonstrating the potential for predicting all-cause mortality in NAFLD patients. The models, particularly RSF and GBM, show robust predictive accuracy, with dietary fiber intake consistently exhibiting a protective effect on survival outcomes. These findings suggest that dietary interventions, such as increasing dietary fiber intake, could improve the long-term prognosis of NAFLD patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and constipation in American adults.","authors":"Chunyan Song, Zhulin Zhang, Shanxiang Zhu, Huacheng Tong","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01164-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01164-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder, significantly impacts quality of life.Its association with gut microbiota has garnered attention.Dietary factors play a crucial role in the development and management of constipation.The recently introduced dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), a measure of gut microbiota diversity, offers insights into this connection.The association between dietary gut microbiota index and constipation is a critical public health issue.This study investigated the association between DI-GM and constipation prevalence in the American population using data from 11,819 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2010.Constipation was defined using Bristol stool form scale types 1 and 2.Dietary recall information was used to determine the DI-GM score, indicating the dietary influence on the gut microbiome. Multivariate weighted logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, was performed to analyze the association between DI-GM scores and constipation prevalence.Further analyses included a subgroup analysis and restricted cubic splines to explore this association [restricted cubic spline(RCS)].An increased DI-GM index, indicating a healthier gut microbiome, was related to a decreased risk of constipation.A similar association was observed with a more favorable score for beneficial gut microbiota.Non-linear associations between DI-GM scores and constipation were identified through RCS analysis.Subgroup and interaction analyses confirmed the consistency of these findings across strata, suggesting no significant heterogeneity.These findings suggest that dietary adjustments may be an important method for preventing constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of empirical anti-inflammatory diet index: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Joanna Kaluza, Lisa Hellerström, Daniel Kaluza, Abbas Chabok, Agneta Åkesson, Karl Michaëlsson, Alicja Wolk","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01165-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01165-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is evidence that some foods and dietary patterns may influence low-grade inflammation status. We aimed to develop a user-friendly empirical Anti-inflammatory Diet Index (eADI) that predicts low-grade chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study of 4,432 men (aged 74 ± 6 years) from the Cohort of Swedish Men-Clinical, inflammatory status was assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2). Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The eADI was developed in a randomly chosen Discovery group (n = 2,216) using a 10-fold feature selection with filtering (based on Lasso regression) to select food groups most correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. From the selected foods, the eADI was then constructed based on summed scores of the consumption tertiles (corresponding to 0, 0.5, and 1 point). Next, in the Replication group (n = 2,216), the association of eADI with inflammatory biomarkers was examined using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>eADI-17 included 17 food groups (11 with anti-inflammatory, 6 with pro-inflammatory potential). In the Replication group, the median of eADI-17 was 9 (range: 2-16) scores and the Spearman correlation coefficients for eADI-17 vs. hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 were -0.17, -0.23, -0.28, and -0.26, respectively. Each increment by 4.5-point eADI-17 (2 SD) was associated with concentrations that were 12% lower for hsCRP, 6% lower for IL-6, 8% lower for TNF-R1, and 9% lower for TNF-R2. These results obtained for the Replication group were robust as they were essentially the same as those of the Discovery group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The eADI-17 is a validated, robust and user-friendly anti-inflammatory diet index developed to predict low-grade chronic inflammation. This index has the potential to further refine future dietary guidelines and to be used in personalized nutrition. However, its predictive validity should be further evaluated in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary inflammatory index with dyslipidemia and atherogenic indices in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study from the PERSIAN dena cohort.","authors":"Mehrdad Behzadi, Mohammad-Reza Jowshan, Shiva Shokri, Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki, Farshad Amirkhizi, Mohammad-Vesal Bideshki, Javad Harooni, Somayyeh Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01158-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01158-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that can lead to various chronic diseases. Anti-inflammatory diets may help prevent dyslipidemia; however, the evidence remains inconsistent. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and dyslipidemia, as well as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was done among 3,178 Iranian adults aged 35-70 years who had resided in Dena County, Iran, for a minimum of nine months each year. Demographic data were collected from all participants, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured for each subject using standardized methods. Dietary intake was assessed using 113-item and 127-item Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) to calculate the DII.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant trend was observed indicating increasing serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.002), along with decreasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.024), as the DII quartiles elevated. Similarly, a significant association was found between higher DII scores and increased ratios of LDL/HDL (P < 0.001), TC/HDL (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C (P = 0.03) in the serum. Furthermore, higher DII scores were linked to increased odds of hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.3, P = 0.032), high LDL-C (OR = 1.31, P = 0.036), low-HDL-C (OR = 1.31, P = 0.006), high-TC/HDL-C (OR = 1.15, P = 0.016) ratio, and high-AIP (OR = 1.35, P = 0.001) values after adjusting for confounders. Nonetheless, no significant association was found between the DII score and the serum levels of TG, nor with the odds of having hypertriglyceridemia or a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that higher DII scores are associated with higher AIP values and lipid biomarker levels, except for triglycerides. However, prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials testing anti-inflammatory diets (e.g., Mediterranean adaptations for Iran) are needed to establish causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint association of the newly proposed dietary index for gut microbiota and sleep disorders with survival among US adult population with diabetes and pre-diabetes.","authors":"Ke Si, Chuanqin Shi, Yajing Huang, Chuanfeng Liu, Jingwei Chi, Lili Xu, Ying Chen, Yangang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01162-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01162-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet and sleep disorders are associated with risks of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed index designed to assess dietary quality associated with maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. The authors aim to investigate the separate and joint prognostic effect of DI-GM and sleep disorders on the survival of US population with diabetes and pre-diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 at baseline linked to the 2019 National Death Index records. Dietary recall data were collected to calculate the DI-GM and sleep disorders were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. The Cox proportional hazard model were used to evaluate the associations between separate and joint prognostic effects of DI-GM and sleep disorders with mortality outcomes among diabetic and pre-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10718 Participants with diabetes and pre-diabetes were ultimately included in this study (weighted population: 67,232,394, weighted mean age [SE]: 57.0 [0.1] years; weighted female proportion: 51.8%). Among these participants, higher DI-GM was more prevalent in those without sleep disorders. During the median follow-up of 13.3 years, 1448 deaths occurred, including 346 participants died from cancer, and 367 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD)..Multivariable models indicated that the joint effects of DI-GM (≥ 6) and no sleep disorders were associated with lower risks for all-cause (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.38-0.79) and CVD mortality (HR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19-0.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a nationally representative sample of US population with diabetes and pre-diabetes, high DI-GM combined with no sleep disorders was associated with significantly reduced all-cause and CVD mortality risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar body composition outcomes following volumetric diet and time-restricted eating in middle-aged individuals: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Alicia Cloos, Stephan Geisler, Eduard Isenmann","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01167-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01167-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Overweight and obesity are increasing global challenges associated with severe health risks. Lifestyle factors like easy access to high-caloric foods and a decrease in physical activity contribute to weight gain. The increase in fat mass (FM) and decrease in lean body mass (LBM) are supported by age-related changes in body composition by the age of 30. Two dietary strategies, the volumetrics diet (VD) and time-restricted eating (TRE), have shown promise in achieving sustainable loss of body weight (BW) and FM without requiring food group exclusions or portion reductions. This study aimed to compare the impact of VD and TRE on body composition parameters and their adherence rate in middle-aged normal-weight to overweight physically active people over 12 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this randomized controlled trial, 37 physically active participants were allocated to either VD or TRE (VD: n = 21, age: 39.48 ± 8.83 years, body mass index (BMI): 25,38 ± 4.37 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; TRE: n = 16, age: 42.06 ± 8.47, BMI: 26.38 ± 2.81 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Participants followed their assigned dietary strategy for 12 weeks while documenting their daily food intake using the FDDB app. Adherence to the diets was self-reported weekly. The VD group consumed meals with an energy density ≤ 1.5 kcal/g and the TRE group restricted calorie intake to an 8-hour window (11:30 AM-7:30 PM). Measurements of BW, FM, LBM, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were taken at baseline (T0) and after 4 (T1), 8 (T2) and 12 weeks (T3). Statistical analysis included linear mixed-effect models to compare time, group and interaction effects on body composition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Both VD and TRE groups showed significant reductions in BW (p = 0.0002; d = 0.61), absolute FM (p &lt; 0.0001; d = 0.85), relative FM (p &lt; 0.0001; d = 0.84), BMI (p = 0.0001; d = 0.60), WC (p &lt; 0.0001; d = 0.92), HC (p = 0.003; d = 0.51) and WHR (p &lt; 0.0001; d = 0.90) after 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between groups or in interaction effects for these parameters. Both groups maintained LBM throughout the intervention. Adherence rates were significantly higher in TRE (5.78 ± 1.13 days/week) compared to VD (5.29 ± 1.49 days/week; p = 0.0002). Adherence declined over time in both groups but not significantly. Dietary analysis showed no significant differences in energy and macronutrient intake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;VD led to the same results as TRE but with a significantly lower adherence rate in the 12-week intervention period. Both dietary approaches reduced BW and FM and maintained LBM in middle-aged, physically active individuals without changing physical activity levels. Therefore, VD and TRE may counteract age-related body composition changes as long-term measures. Further studies with larger samples and a longer study duration are needed to confirm these findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Registration number: ","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite dietary antioxidant index is nonlinearly associated with low muscle mass in the general US population: findings from NHANES 2001-2018.","authors":"Miaohong Wang, Huan Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01166-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01166-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress is a risk factor for the development of low muscle mass. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a recently developed tool for comprehensively assessing dietary antioxidant exposure. We aimed to explore the association of the CDAI with low muscle mass in the general U.S.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were individuals aged ≥ 20 years who completed the NHANES from 2001 to 2006 and 2011-2018. The CDAI was assessed by 24-h dietary recall, which integrated the dietary intake levels of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids. Low muscle mass was diagnosed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria and defined as an appendicular lean mass/body mass index of < 0.789 in men or < 0.521 in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations of the CDAI and its components with low muscle mass.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15,907 participants were included. The prevalence of low muscle mass was 7.985%. After adjusting for all confounders, the CDAI was found to be significantly associated with the odds of low muscle mass (odds ratio [OR] = 0.928, p < 0.0001). Compared with Q1, the CDAI values at Q2, Q3, and Q4 were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of low muscle mass (p for trend < 0.0001). Higher intake levels of individual CDAI components were associated with a lower prevalence of low muscle mass. Threshold effect analysis revealed that a CDAI ≤ -2.85 was not associated with the odds of low muscle mass (p = 0.1564), while a CDAI > -2.85 was negatively associated with low muscle mass (OR = 0.92, p < 0.0001). Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption significantly moderated this association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to an antioxidant diet is associated with low muscle mass among the general U.S. adult population, especially among individuals who maintain a favourable lifestyle. These findings should be further validated in cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}