Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of carbohydrate quality on the association between low-carbohydrate diet scores and longitudinal changes of cardiometabolic risk factors.","authors":"Ghaida F Aloraini, Nicola M McKeown, Gail T Rogers, Sai Krupa Das, Alice H Lichtenstein, Paul F Jacques","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01194-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01194-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating metabolic biomarkers predict incident sepsis: a large-scale population study in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Hao Bai, Yihui Li, Miaomiao Fan, Mingmin Pang, Yanan Li, Shaohua Zhao, Tingyu Meng, Hao Chen, Ming Lu, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01191-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01191-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, there is an absence of large-scale research focusing on the metabolome profiles of individuals prior to the development of sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of circulating Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolic biomarkers with the risk of incident sepsis and the predictive ability of these metabolites for sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis utilized plasma metabolomic data measuring through NMR from the UK Biobank, which involved baseline plasma samples of 106,533 participants. The multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations of each circulating NMR metabolite biomarker with risk of incident sepsis. The full cohort was randomly assigned to a training set (n = 53,267) and a test set (n = 53,266) to develop and validate the sepsis risk prediction model. In training set, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to develop the prediction model. In test set, the predictive ability of conventional risk factors-based and combined metabolic biomarkers prediction model was assessed by Harrell's C-index. The incremental predictive power of the metabolic biomarkers was evaluated with continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 circulating metabolic biomarkers were significantly associated with risk of incident sepsis (all FDR adjusted P value < 0.05). Of these, triglycerides related lipid sub-classes, glycolysis, ketone bodies, and inflammation related metabolite biomarkers, creatinine, and phenylalanine were positively associated with risk of incident sepsis, while most of other lipid sub-classes, albumin, histidine, fatty acid and cholines related metabolic biomarkers were negatively associated with risk of sepsis. The Harrell's C-index of the conventional prediction model was 0.733 (95% CI: 0.722, 0.745) for incident sepsis; after adding the circulating NMR metabolic biomarkers to the conventional prediction model, the Harrell's C-index increased to 0.741 (95% CI: 0.730, 0.753) for incident sepsis. In addition, the continuous NRI and IDI were 0.022 (95% CI: 0.015, 0.043, P < 0.05) and 0.009 (95% CI: 0.006, 0.014, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified multiple plasma metabolic biomarkers were associated with risk of incident sepsis. The addition of these metabolic biomarkers to the conventional risk factors-based model significantly improved the prediction precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary effectiveness of VR-enhanced nutrition education for promoting healthy diets among college students.","authors":"Li-Ling Liao, Chia-Kuei Lee, I-Ju Lai, Li-Chun Chang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01192-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01192-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>College students are at a critical stage for forming long-term dietary habits. Nutrition literacy (NL) plays a key role in enabling informed food choices and supporting overall health. Virtual reality (VR) offers emerging opportunities for nutrition education by providing immersive and interactive learning experiences that may enhance engagement and behavior change. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined the preliminary effectiveness of a VR-enhanced nutrition education program in improving NL, self-efficacy, and dietary behaviors among college students, by comparing outcomes between app-based interventions with and without VR components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted from March to June 2023 and approved by the institutional review board (IRB No. NCKU HREC-E-111-022-2). Participants were recruited from a private university in Southern Taiwan and randomly assigned to one of three groups: Control (n = 51), App (n = 48), and App + VR (n = 52). The App group received a 5-week mobile app-based NL program, while the App + VR group received the same program plus three additional VR-based challenge tasks. NL, self-efficacy, and dietary behaviors were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and one-month follow-up. Group-by-time effects were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to baseline, both the App group and App + VR group demonstrated significant improvements in NL, self-rated NL, self-efficacy, and dietary behaviors, whereas no significant changes were observed in the Control group. At post-intervention, both intervention groups outperformed the Control group in self-rated NL and dietary behaviors. The App group showed significant gains in NL test scores, while the App + VR group exhibited greater improvements in self-efficacy. At one-month follow-up, both intervention groups sustained improvements in dietary behaviors. The App group maintained significant gains in NL test scores, whereas the App + VR group sustained improvements in self-efficacy. No statistically significant differences were found between the two intervention groups on any outcome measures at either post-test or follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that different digital formats may support distinct learning outcomes, with immersive technologies like VR potentially contributing to the reinforcement of self-efficacy. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of VR-based nutrition education across broader populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EAT-Lancet diet in relation nutrient intake among older adults: insights from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study.","authors":"Anna Stubbendorff, Silke Kern, Lina Rydén, Ingmar Skoog, Jessica Samuelsson","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01193-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01193-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a global reference diet aimed at promoting both human health and environmental sustainability. While adherence to this dietary pattern has been associated with reduced risks of chronic disease and lower environmental impact, concerns remain about its ability to meet nutritional requirements - particularly among older adults. The aim was to explore the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and nutrient intake and adequacy among 70-year-old adults in Gothenburg, Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 861 participants from the Swedish population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (mean age 70.5 years, 55% women). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated diet history interview, and adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was scored based on 14 food components. Nutrient intake was evaluated against age- and sex-specific recommended intake (RI) levels. Cardiometabolic risk markers and biomarkers of nutritional status, including homocysteine and haemoglobin, were measured. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine trends across sex-specific tertiles of diet adherence, with sensitivity analyses adjusting for energy intake and comparing adequacy based on average requirement (AR) thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was linked to higher intake of fibre and polyunsaturated fats, and lower intake of saturated fat and alcohol. Mean protein intake per kilogram body weight/day was similar across adherence tertiles. Intake of beta-carotene, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and iron was higher with greater adherence, while retinol equivalents, vitamin B12, niacin equivalents was lower- patterns that remained consistent after energy adjustment. Despite lower B12 intake, homocysteine levels were lowest in the group with highest adherence, and anaemia prevalence did not differ. Micronutrient adequacy improved with higher adherence for vitamin E, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and iron. Similar results were observed using average requirement (AR) thresholds in sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a more favourable nutrient profile in this cohort of older adults, without evidence of widespread micronutrient inadequacy. These findings suggest that environmentally sustainable diets can support adequate nutrition when well-balanced, even in nutritionally vulnerable populations such as older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy intake and physical activity over the course of pregnancy and gestational weight gain: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trials.","authors":"Yixin Chen, Sasithorn Sarnthiyakul, Sophie K F Michel, Chuyue Wu, Hans Hauner, Ondine S von Ehrenstein, Jihong Liu, Liwei Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01182-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01182-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the relationship between energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RCTs measuring EI and PA at least twice and total GWG during pregnancy were eligible. To synthesize PA measures reported on different scales, standardized mean change per day (SMC/day) were obtained by dividing the change in PA by the standard deviation of the change. We estimated mean changes in EI, PA, and mean total GWG across studies, accounting for clustering within studies. One-stage dose-response meta-analyses (DRMA) quantified the additional GWG associated with changes in EI and PA during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 RCTs with 7,705 participants were included. The mean total GWG was 11.99 kg (95% CI: 11.05 kg to 12.94 kg). The mean baseline EI was 1977 kcal/day across studies (range: 1652 to 2777 kcal/day) and the mean increase in EI throughout pregnancy was 132 kcal/day (95% CI: 54 to 209 kcal/day). The average change in PA during pregnancy was - 0.11 SMC/day (95% CI: -0.33 to 0.12 SMC/day). DRMA indicated 0.30 kg additional weight gain per 100 kcal/day increase in EI (95% CI: -0.01 kg to 0.60 kg, P = 0.06). The effect size was greater in studies with low risk of bias vs. high risk of bias (0.57 vs. -0.20 kg, P for difference = 0.02). DRMA showed 0.24 kg less weight gain per 0.25 SMC/day increase in PA (-0.50 to 0.02 kg, P = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Average GWG often exceeds recommendations of current guidelines, particularly among women with overweight/obesity (OWOB), while average increases in EI were below current recommendations, and PA levels were frequently observed to decrease. DRMA further suggests that GWG may be modifiable through changes in EI and PA with greater EI increases or PA reductions linked to greater GWG, especially among women with OW/OB. Despite challenges in precisely quantifying these associations, integrated findings from this comprehensive systematic review and subgroup/sensitivity analyses highlight the need for more individualized nutrition and exercise recommendations and may warrant revisiting current guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and post-diagnosis dietary total antioxidant capacity and overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Dong-Hui Huang, Lei Wang, Xiao-Ying Li, Ying Qin, Fang-Hua Liu, Yi-Zi Li, He-Li Xu, Fan Cao, Lang Wu, Yi-Fan Wei, Song Gao, Ting-Ting Gong, Yu-Hong Zhao, Qi-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01185-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01185-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current study aims to investigate the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and overall survival (OS) in patients with ovarian cancer (OC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validated 111-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess their pre- and post-diagnosis dietary intake. DTAC is represented by ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (TORAC), hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (HORAC), lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (LORAC), and total phenolics (TP). The OS was determined by both passive and active follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 531 patients with OC was involved in this study. High post-diagnosis FRAP (HR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.65, 95%CI = 0.42-0.99), post-diagnosis TORAC (HR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.68, 95%CI = 0.47-0.98), and pre-diagnosis LORAC (HR_{T3 vs. T1}=0.62, 95%CI = 0.43-0.89) had statistically significant association with an improved OS. Additionally, increased DTAC consumption (FRAP: HR _Low-Medium=0.53, 95%CI = 0.30-0.95; FRAP: HR _Low-High=0.46, 95%CI = 0.23-0.93; LORAC: HR _Medium-High=0.50, 95%CI = 0.27-0.91), as well as maintaining high or medium DTAC consumption (TORAC: HR _{Medium-Medium}=0.46, 95%CI = 0.26-0.83; TORAC: HR _High-High=0.57, 95%CI = 0.34-0.96; LORAC: HR _High-Medium=0.43, 95%CI = 0.23-0.82), improved the OS in patients with OC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased pre- and post-diagnosis DTAC intake, and maintaining moderate or high DTAC intake after diagnosis, may be associated with enhanced OS in patients with OC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between a low-carbohydrate diet and macronutrient intake with the gut microbiome, and their interaction with dyslipidemia among Korean adults.","authors":"Sangwon Chung, Ji-Hee Shin, Jung-Ha Kim, Ki Bae Kim, Young-Do Nam, Mi Young Lim","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01188-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01188-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Bingjie Wang, Chen Wang, Haixia Li","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01178-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01178-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a global health crisis, projected to affect over 1.53 billion adults by 2035. Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a potential alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) for weight management and metabolic improvement. However, previous meta-analyses have reported inconsistent results. These knowledge gaps hinder the clinical translation of IF, and a rigorous synthesis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is necessary to clarify their effects on body composition and cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to March 2025. We included 15 randomized controlled trials (n = 758) comparing IF diets with control diets in overweight/obese adults. Primary outcome indicators included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Data were pooled using a random-effects model and analyzed in subgroups by intervention duration and IF form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IF significantly reduced BW (MD: -3.73 kg, 95% CI: -5.29, -2.17) and BMI (MD: -1.04 kg/m², 95% CI: -1.39, -0.70) in overweight/obese adults, while effectively improving lipid profiles, including TC (MD: -6.31 mg/dl, 95% CI: -12.36, -0.26) and LDL (MD: -5.44 mg/dl, 95% CI: -12.36, -0.26). However, short-term IF (≤ 12 weeks) may have resulted in a temporary elevation of TG (MD: 13.22 mg/dl, 95% CI: 3.39, 23.05), whereas long-term intervention (> 12 weeks) optimized lipid metabolism benefits. In addition, IF significantly reduced DBP (MD: -3.30 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.47, -1.13) but had no significant effect on SBP, FPG and HbA1c. Subgroup analyses showed that alternate day fasting (ADF) was superior to time-restricted eating (TRE) in terms of weight loss and improvement in LDL. The findings suggest that the metabolic effects of IF are time-dependent, and that its clinical use needs to be combined with individualized regimens and long-term adherence strategies. Limitations include the short intervention period (≤ 12 weeks) and high heterogeneity of most studies, and standardized long-term trials are needed to validate the sustained benefits and safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a non-pharmacological intervention, IF demonstrates significant value for weight management and metabolic improvement. Its advantages in adherence and metabolic regulation position it as a promising therapeutic approach. However, its long-term efficacy and safety warrant further validation through additional high-quality clinical studies. Future efforts should focus on developing precise, sustainable, and personalized IF protocols within a ","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid in relation to cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults.","authors":"Gulisiya Hailili, Liyan Huang, Minyu Wu, Yuhui Huang, Ting Shen, Siya Shan, Yuhui Li, Ziping Wang, Geng Zong, Yan Zheng, Shuang Rong, Changzheng Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01180-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01180-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary carotenoids have been associated with better cognitive function, yet evidence regarding the role of different subgroups of carotenoid is inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relation of specific carotenoid subgroups to cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective study among US adults aged 50 years and older based on the Health and Retirement Study from 2013 to 2020. Average daily intakes of dietary provitamin A carotenoid (α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin), and non-provitamin A carotenoid (lutein-zeaxanthin and lycopene) were assessed by a 163-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2013. In 2016, inflammatory biomarkers of major serum cytokines were assayed. Cognitive function was measured using a composite test score of global cognitive function (range 0-27) every 2 years from 2014 to 2020. Beta coefficients (β) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the associations of energy-adjusted provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid with cognitive function. We also performed mediation analysis to assess the potential mediating role of those serum cytokines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6015 participants (mean age of 67.8 ± 9.8 years), the median daily intake of provitamin A carotenoid and non-provitamin A carotenoid were 3.2 mg/d (IQR, 2.0-5.2) and 6.0 mg/d (IQR, 4.3-8.6), respectively. We observed a significant association between non-provitamin A carotenoid intake and cognitive function. The multi-variable adjusted mean difference in cognitive function score was 0.288 (95% CI:0.071, 0.504) comparing top to bottom quintile (median intake 12.6 mg/d vs. 3.0 mg/d) of non-provitamin A carotenoid. The corresponding association of the non-provitamin A carotenoid with cognitive function was significantly mediated by serum level of sTNFR-1 (3.97%, 95% CI:0.70-12.00, P < 0.05). No significant associations with cognitive function were observed for provitamin A carotenoid (β = 0.033, 95% CI: -0.188, 0.255) in the overall participants, however the association became significant among individuals with higher intake level of retinol (Q4 vs. Q1: β = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.099, 0.717) (P-interaction > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrated heterogeneous associations of different carotenoid subgroups with cognition in U.S. adults. Further studies are warranted to confirm the study findings and explore the potential mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of dietary fat intake before and during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose intolerance: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on observational investigations.","authors":"Ghazaleh Bahrami, Aryan Hajian, Javad Anjom-Shoae, Zahra Hajhashemy, Gholamreza Askari, Chinmay S Marathe","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01186-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01186-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies investigating the relationship of dietary fat intake with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, the relationship between fat intake before and during pregnancy and risk of GDM and IGT was assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases up to June 2024. Our selection criteria focused on observational studies that reported odds ratios (ORs)/ relative risks (RRs)/ hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between total, animal or plant fat intake and risks of GDM and IGT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 studies comprising 39,399 participants were included. Comparing the highest versus lowest intakes of total, animal, and plant fat revealed the summary RRs of 1.49 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.83), 1.56 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.85), and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.47), respectively, indicating significant positive associations of total, animal and plant fat with GDM. Subgroup analysis indicated that total fat intake during pregnancy had a stronger association with GDM than pre-pregnancy intake. For animal and plant fat, significant associations were only observed for intake during pregnancy. Based on the linear dose-response analysis, each 5% energy increment in total dietary fat during pregnancy was associated with a 6% increased risk of GDM (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.10). The non-linear dose-response analysis indicated an increasing trend between total fat intake during pregnancy (23%-50% E) and the risk of GDM. However, there was no significant relationship between fat intake and IGT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher total fat intake before and during pregnancy is directly and dose-dependently associated with increased GDM risk. The highest versus lowest values of animal and plant fat intakes during pregnancy were related to higher risk of GDM. No significant association was observed for IGT; however, the limited number of included studies especially on \"pre-pregnancy\" and the cross-sectional nature of several studies on \"during pregnancy\" prevent us from establishing causal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}