Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Cross-sectional association between the isocaloric replacement of carbohydrates with protein and fat in relation to fat compartments distribution and hepatic lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Alexander Lang, Edyta Schaefer, Yuliya Kupriyanova, Janina Goletzke, Katharina S Weber, Anette E Buyken, Sabine Kahl, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Christian Herder, Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling, Oliver Kuss, Robert Wagner, Michael Roden, Sabrina Schlesinger","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01145-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01145-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diets restricted in carbohydrates may be beneficial for diabetes management. However, without reducing energy intake, carbohydrate restriction results in increased protein and fat intake. Understanding how this macronutrient substitution is associated with adipose tissue distribution is important to prevent diabetes progression. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with fat and protein in relation to subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic lipid (HL) content in individuals with recent-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), accounting for macronutrient quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis includes participants with T1D (n = 137) and T2D (n = 170) from the German Diabetes Study (GDS). Dietary macronutrient intake was derived from dietary information assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. SAT and VAT were measured with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, while HL content with ¹H MR spectroscopy. Isocaloric substitution analyses based on multivariable linear regression models were conducted to examine the replacement of total and higher glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates in energy percent (En%) with total fat, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), and protein in regard to SAT, VAT and HL content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In individuals with T1D, substituting carbohydrates with total fat was not associated with SAT, while substituting carbohydrates with protein demonstrated higher SAT [β (95% CI) per 5 En%: 3100 cm³ (25, 6200)]. In individuals with T2D, replacing carbohydrates with total fat or protein showed no association with SAT and VAT. However, substituting carbohydrates with PUFA was associated with lower VAT [-970 cm³ (-1900, -40)] and HL content [-3.3% (-6.9, 0.4)], while replacing carbohydrates with SFA was associated with higher HL content [2.4% (-0.6, 5.4)]. Substituting carbohydrates with protein was associated with lower HL content in individuals with T2D [-2.4% (-4.9, 0.0)], mainly driven by plant-based protein. There were no substantial differences between the replacement of total and higher GI carbohydrates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The quality of substituted nutrients may play an important role for adipose tissue and HL accumulation in individuals with T2D. Particularly, integrating PUFAs and plant-based proteins into the diet seems beneficial for VAT and HL content.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of saffron supplementation on inflammation and hematological parameters in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Shirin Hassanizadeh, Babak Alikiaii, Mohammad Hossein Rouhani, Shokoofeh Talebi, Zeinab Mokhtari, Manoj Sharma, Mohammad Bagherniya","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01148-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01148-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Critically ill patients suffering from sepsis are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to its serious complications. Saffron as an herbal medicine has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects previously. Hence, this study aimed to determine how saffron supplementation affected inflammatory and hematological factors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 ICU sepsis patients with GCS lower than 13 were randomized to receive either an intervention tablet containing 100 mg of saffron or a placebo tablet containing 100 mg of corn starch for seven days. Before and after the intervention, clinical, inflammatory, hematological, and mortality parameters were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After seven days, the saffron group showed a significantly decline from baseline compared to the placebo group in inflammatory markers, including CRP (-24.58 ± 22.16 vs. -2.42 ± 30.86; P < 0.001), ESR (-5.36 ± 28.75 vs. 24.29 ± 28.24; P < 0.001), IL-6 (-22.09 ± 25.22 vs. -4.02 ± 20.04; P < 0.001), IL-18 (-9.56 ± 9.31 vs. -0.89 ± 3.38; P < 0.001), and TNF-α (-2.52 ± 3.79 vs. -0.035 ± 2.35; P < 0.001). Regarding clinical outcomes, significant improvements were observed in APACHE II (-2.55 ± 5.47 vs. 0.78 ± 3.37; P = 0.003), SOFA (-1 ± 1.07 vs. -0.05 ± 1.53; P < 0.001), NUTRIC score (-1.2 ± 1.01 vs. 0.2 ± 0.87; P < 0.001), and WBC count (-4176.34 ± 4063.01 vs. 61.57 ± 4118.97; P < 0.001). Moreover, the effect sizes (Cohen's d) for these factors ranged from moderate to large, except for IL-6, which had a small effect size (d = -0.38). However, no significant differences were found between the groups in the Glasgow Coma Scale, FOUR Score, 28-day and 90-day mortality rates, or other hematological parameters (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Saffron administration in sepsis patients admitted to the ICU led to significant improvements in inflammatory markers and some clinical parameters. However, the clinical significance of these findings remains to be fully established.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20201129049534N8. It was registered on 17 March 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phototherapy combined with Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 on improving neonatal jaundice and gut microbiome health: a randomized double-blind clinical study.","authors":"Ming-Luen Tsai, Shang-Po Shen, Yin-Ting Chen, Hsiao-Yu Chiu, Hsiang-Yu Lin, Hao-Wen Cheng, Yi-Wei Kuo, Jia-Hung Lin, Hui-Shan Wang, Yen-Yu Huang, Ching-Min Li, Yu-Hshun Chin, Hsieh-Hsun Ho, Hung-Chih Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01126-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01126-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal jaundice is a common condition observed in newborns shortly after birth, making it one of the most frequent health concerns during the first two weeks of life. This study, conducted between May 2019 and July 2023, enrolled 300 full-term infants with bilirubin levels exceeding 15 mg/dL on the fourth day after birth. The infants were recruited and randomly assigned in equal numbers to one of three groups for further investigation. In addition to the control group, the other two groups of infants received probiotic supplementation administered twice daily, with each capsule delivering 5 × 10⁹ CFU of either Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9. Both probiotic groups significantly reduced the overall duration of phototherapy and accelerated the rate of bilirubin reduction compared to the control group. The AP-32 group experienced a significant reduction in hospitalization duration, staying seven hours less than the placebo group (P = 0.024). Analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the probiotic groups significantly enhanced microbial diversity in the intestines of neonates. The AP-32 group showed a significant increase in the abundance of L. salivarius, while the CP-9 group demonstrated a notable enhancement in the abundance of B. animalis. These findings suggest that integrating phototherapy with probiotic supplementation may enhance jaundice clearance increasing the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby facilitating the recovery of neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and characterizing shared and ethnic background site-specific dietary patterns in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).","authors":"Roberta De Vito, Briana Stephenson, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Anna-Maria Siega-Riz, Josiemer Mattei, Maria Parpinel, Brandilyn A Peters, Sierra A Bainter, Martha L Daviglus, Linda Van Horn, Valeria Edefonti","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01138-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) are critical for capturing actual dietary behaviour. However, assessing their reproducibility across (sub)populations requires novel modelling approaches beyond descriptive statistics. Multi-study factor analysis derives DPs that are shared among all studies/subpopulations and those specific to a study or subpopulation of interest. Bayesian implementation of the multi-study factor analysis (BMSFA) is more flexible than frequentist as it imposes fewer assumptions and improves factor selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied BMSFA to 24-h dietary recalls from the baseline visit (2008-2011) of the US Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (n = 16,415). The analysis was conducted on 42 common nutrients to identify shared and subpopulation-specific DPs. Subpopulations were defined based on the cross-classification of ethnic background (Cuban, Dominican Republic, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central and South American) and study site (Bronx, Chicago, Miami, San Diego) resulting in 12 Ethnic Background Site (EBS) categories. Regression analysis characterized DPs in terms of food groups, overall diet quality, socio-demographic/lifestyle factors, adjusting for survey design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified four shared DPs across all EBS categories: Plant-based foods, Processed foods, Dairy products, and Seafood. Additionally, twelve EBS-specific DPs were identified-one for each EBS category. Most EBS-specific DPs were further grouped into overarching profiles: Animal vs. vegetable source, Animal source only, and Poultry vs. dairy products, to capture nuances within animal-based DPs. Puerto Rican background participants from Chicago expressed a strikingly different DP from all others (i.e., high on beta-carotene and low on starch/iron/thiamin). Higher overall diet quality was observed with increasing categories of Plant-based foods, Seafood, and the \"Puerto Rican background - Chicago\" EBS-specific DP, whereas increasing categories of Dairy products, Processed foods, and the remaining EBS-specific DPs were related to lower diet quality. Compared to non-US-born participants, US-born individuals had significantly higher adjusted mean scores in absolute value for most DPs. Specifically, they exhibited lower adherence to the Plant-based foods and Dairy products DPs but higher adherence to Processed foods, Seafood, and six EBS-specific DPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BMSFA successfully captured sources of dietary homogeneity and heterogeneity among US Hispanic/Latino adults across ethnic backgrounds and study sites. The study highlighted the crucial role of nativity on DPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based interventions addressing multiple forms of malnutrition among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.","authors":"Marijana Ranisavljev, Adi Lukas Kurniawan, Elisabetta Ferrero, Sachin Shinde, Shuangyu Zhao, Uttara Partap, Ntombizodumo Mkwanazi, Noubar Clarisse Dah, Erick Agure, Hanna Y Berhane, Christine Neumann, Deda Ogum Alangea, Shuyan Liu, Sergej M Ostojic, Wafaie W Fawzi, Fiona Walsh, Till Bärnighausen","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01136-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01136-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-based interventions hold promise for addressing adolescent malnutrition, but there is limited knowledge of their nature and impact on adolescent nutrition outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review aimed to characterize community-based adolescent nutrition interventions in LMICs and summarize their effects on adolescent nutrition outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2000 and 2023. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies addressing adolescent malnutrition in LMIC community settings, involving adolescents aged 10-19 years. A narrative synthesis was employed to analyze and describe the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review included 37 records from 36 studies conducted in 27 countries. Interventions included micronutrient supplementation, nutrition education, food supplementation and fortification, physical activity education, and multicomponent approaches. The intervention duration ranged from 3 weeks to 2 years, with limited studies grounded in theoretical frameworks. Fifty-seven percent of interventions (n = 21) targeted adolescent girls, indicating a gap in programs for boys and other vulnerable groups, such as out-of-school adolescents and migrants. The intervention delivery agents included research staff and healthcare professionals. The majority of interventions were delivered in person; few utilized social media strategies. Among the studies reviewed, nine out of ten evaluating micronutrient supplementation, six out of seven assessing nutrition education, and seven out of eight examining multicomponent interventions reported improvement in at least one nutrition or diet-related outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community-based interventions hold promise for improving adolescent nutritional status in LMICs. However, our review highlights gaps in the evidence base, marked by significant variability in intervention design, delivery, and implementation platforms. This underscores the need for integrated approaches and rigorous evaluations of their implementation outcomes, including acceptability, relevance, feasibility, effectiveness, and sustainability, in addressing adolescent nutrition challenges.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The review protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework on 19 July 2023 ( https://osf.io/t2d78 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of dietary fat and fatty acid intake with ovarian cancer survival: findings from the OOPS, a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yi-Fan Wei, Yi-Lin Xu, Yi-Zi Li, Shu-Hong Huang, Xue Qin, Shi Yan, Jin Xu, Fang-Hua Liu, Song Gao, Meng Luan, Ting-Ting Gong, Qi-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01135-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01135-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary fat and fatty acid intakes impact the occurrence and development of several cancers. However, the evidence regarding fat and fatty acid intake and ovarian cancer (OC) survival is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS), a prospective cohort study, analyzed data collected from 703 OC patients. Deaths were ascertained via medical records and active follow-up. Dietary intake was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for association evaluation. Furthermore, several subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 130 patients died during a median follow-up of 37.17 (interquartile: 24.73-50.17) months. Relative to the lowest tertile of intake, patients with the highest tertile of total fat (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.01-3.49), total fatty acid (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.27-3.80), total saturated fatty acid (SFA) (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.22-3.34), shorter-chain SFA (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.03-2.47), long-chain SFA (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.03-2.77), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.02-3.05), and animal-based MUFA (HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.17-3.58) intake had higher all-cause mortality risk. In contrast, individuals in the highest tertile of egg fat (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35-0.92) and fruit and vegetable fat (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.31-0.75) intake exhibited a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Additionally, significant positive associations with all-cause mortality were identified for the consumption of several common fatty acids, including capric acid (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.23-3.00), myristic acid (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.15-3.02), palmitic acid (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07-2.76), stearic acid (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.12-3.31), and oleic acid (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.13-3.40), when comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified a linkage of higher intake of total fats, total fatty acids, SFAs, shorter-chain SFAs, long-chain SFAs, total MUFAs, and animal-based MUFAs with increased all-cause mortality of OC patients. Conversely, consumption of egg fats and fruit and vegetable fats demonstrated inverse associations with all-cause mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Association between the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and age-related macular degeneration in Korean adults.","authors":"Won Jang, Yuna Kim, Hyesook Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01140-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01140-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrononutrition behaviors in relation to diet quality and obesity: do dietary assessment methods and energy intake misreporting matter?","authors":"Kentaro Murakami, Nana Shinozaki, M Barbara E Livingstone, Tracy A McCaffrey, Shizuko Masayasu, Satoshi Sasaki","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01129-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01129-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inconsistent epidemiologic findings on the associations of chrononutrition behaviors with diet quality and adiposity measures may be due to the use of different dietary assessment methodologies and a lack of consideration of dietary misreporting. We aimed to investigate the associations by using questionnaires and diaries, with adjustment for energy intake (EI) misreporting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1047 Japanese adults aged 20-69 years. We used the Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire (CNBQ) or 11-day diaries to assess chrononutrition behaviors (meal frequency, snack frequency, total eating frequency, timing of first eating occasion, timing of last eating occasion, duration of eating window, and eating midpoint) for workdays and non-workdays separately. Eating jetlag was defined as the eating midpoint difference between workdays and non-workdays. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2020, based on the Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire (MDHQ) or 4-day weighed food diaries. EI misreporting was evaluated using the Goldberg cut-off principle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using questionnaire data (CNBQ and MDHQ), we found inverse associations of snack and total eating frequencies, timing of last eating occasion, eating midpoint, and eating jetlag with diet quality (P < 0.05), irrespective of adjustment for EI misreporting. Also, we found positive associations of meal, snack, and total eating frequencies and duration of eating window with the prevalence of general obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for males; ≥ 80 cm for females), or both; many of these associations were only evident (P < 0.05) after adjustment for EI misreporting. In contrast, using diary data, we found no associations between chrononutrition behaviors and diet quality, general obesity, or abdominal obesity, regardless of adjustment for EI misreporting (except for inverse associations of timings of first and last eating occasions and eating midpoint on workdays with diet quality).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The associations of chrononutrition behaviors with diet quality and obesity were dependent on the methodology used to assess these behaviors. Adjustment for EI misreporting radically changed only the associations with obesity in the questionnaire-based analysis. These findings suggest the importance of careful consideration of dietary assessment method selection and EI misreporting in chrononutrition research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of structured exercise and oat supplementation for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jiahui Yin, Lianying Wang, Ran Li, Xiaoguang Cheng, Haibo Wang, Yufeng Li","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01128-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01128-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lifestyle modifications, including nutritional therapy and physical activity, are recommended as a first-line treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, both the best dietary approach and the optimal exercise pattern remain controversial. We will assess the efficacy of structured exercise and oats supplementation in NAFLD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods/design: </strong>Participants aged 18-65 years with intrahepatic lipid content ≥5% according to quantitative computed tomography (QCT) (N = 180) will be included in this randomized controlled 24-week structured exercise and dietary intervention study. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to the structured exercise group (aerobic exercise and resistance training), diet intervention group (80 g oats/daily supplementation), combined group (structured exercise + diet intervention) or control group. All participants will receive routine lifestyle education based on their daily caloric intake. The primary outcome was the change in the intrahepatic lipid content in the four groups. Body composition, muscle strength, and 72-hour dietary records will be assessed, and blood, urine and faeces tissue samples at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks will be collected. Data will be analysed using t tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests to compare the changes in the outcome measures among the different groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There are limited data on the efficiency of structured exercise and oat supplementation for NAFLD treatment. The findings of this study will provide evidence-based data to health providers on lifestyle interventions aimed at alleviating the current NAFLD epidemic.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100048042) on June 28, 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat and fish consumption, genetic risk and risk of severe metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort of 487,875 individuals.","authors":"Jianjin Wang, Jianshu Mo, Xuzhi Wan, Yilei Fan, Pan Zhuang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01134-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01134-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet, specifically meat consumption, has been implicated as a modifiable risk factor in the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the associations between various types of meat intake and the risk of severe MAFLD and to examine whether genetic risk influences these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research utilized data from the UK Biobank, which initially enrolled over 500,000 participants between 2006 and 2010, of whom 487,875 were eligible for our analyses. Meat intake, including unprocessed red meat, processed meat, poultry, and fish, was evaluated through a validated touchscreen questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationship between meat consumption and severe MAFLD risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated using five MAFLD-associated SNPs, allowing for analyses of gene-diet interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a follow-up period totaling 6,036,554 person-years (mean duration: 12.1 years), 5,731 new cases of severe MAFLD were identified. High intakes of total meat, processed meat, unprocessed red meat and poultry were associated with increased MAFLD risk, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.33-2.33), 1.19 (1.02-1.40), 1.34 (1.17-1.53), and 1.21 (0.98-1.49), respectively, for the highest versus lowest intake categories. In contrast, oily fish intake showed a protective association (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53-0.97). No significant interaction was observed between meat intake and GRS for any meat subtype, suggesting that the associations were independent of genetic predisposition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High consumption of red and processed meat was associated with an increased risk of severe MAFLD, while oily fish intake showed an inverse association with the risk of MAFLD. These effects were consistent across genetic risk levels for MAFLD. Our findings reinforce dietary recommendations to limit red and processed meat and encourage oily fish intake for MAFLD prevention, irrespective of individual genetic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}