Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Public knowledge of ultra-processed foods: Insights from a national survey of Australian adults.","authors":"Priscila Machado, Emily Denniss, Catherine G Russell, Neha Khandpur, Jennifer Lacy-Nichols, Cherie Russell, Kamila Gabe, Sarah A McNaughton","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01345-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01345-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are increasingly recognised as major contributors to diet-related chronic diseases, environmental deterioration and cultural impacts. While the salience of the UPF concept in societal discourse has also grown substantially in recent years, public knowledge of UPFs remains unclear. This study aimed to explore public knowledge of, and attributes associated with, UPFs in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data included cross-sectional national survey involving 1,086 adults (20-64 years) living in Australia. Data collection occurred between June and July 2024 using a piloted questionnaire administered via Qualtrics market research services. Sociodemographic characteristics and prior awareness about UPFs were collected. The survey included open-ended questions, free-listing tasks, UPF functional knowledge measures (e.g., identification of UPFs among 20 images of products; Food Processing Knowledge (FoodProK) Score), and triadic sorting techniques (used to identify attributes associated with UPFs). Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to examine associations between the number of items correctly identified as UPFs, and FoodProK scores, with socio-demographic characteristics. Open-ended responses to the main survey question 'What comes to your mind when you think of the term 'ultra-processed foods' were analysed using Leximancer, a content analysis software, to identify dominant concepts and themes. Attributes reported through the triad sorting techniques were thematically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four percent of participants reported awareness of the UPF term. The dominant concepts and themes in participants' responses reflected key characteristics of UPFs (e.g., presence of industrial ingredients) and main examples were fast-food meals and soft drinks. Most participants (85%) were able to correctly identify non-UPFs, and 45% were able to correctly identify UPFs, with multigrain bread and flavoured yoghurt misclassified most often. Socio-demographic differences were observed, with women, people with higher education, Non-Indigenous people and those with prior awareness about UPFs being more likely to correctly identify UPFs. Attributes associated with UPFs included presence of artificial ingredients, low nutritional quality, convenience, and affordability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this national survey, most participants were aware of the concept of UPFs and could identify key UPF characteristics, however some UPF items were often misclassified. Future research could explore how UPF knowledge influences diet, the factors shaping this knowledge, and interventions and policies to improve knowledge and reduce UPF consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148176332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between high-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and ischemic heart disease: a nationally representative study.","authors":"Bin Yuan, Xuehong Zheng, Zhimeng Wu, Lihan Zhu, Changchang Fang, Yi Xu, Jihao Xu, Huilei Zhao, Jingfeng Wang, Peng Yu, Xiao Liu, Zhiqiang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01342-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01342-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains incompletely understood. This study investigated this association in the U.S. adults utilizing the FibroScan-AST (FAST) score, a validated non-invasive tool for identifying high-risk MASH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 3,696 adults in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We defined high-risk MASH as FAST score ≥ 0.35. We performed logistic regression to investigate the association between high-risk MASH and prevalent IHD. FAST was calculated by liver stiffness measurement (LSM), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of IHD was significantly higher in the high-risk MASH group than in the non-high-risk group (10.5% vs. 5.8%). Both LSM (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.28-2.65) and CAP (aOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.32-7.12) were independently associated with IHD after adjustment, whereas AST did not demonstrate a significant association (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.48-1.43). High-risk MASH was independently associated with IHD (aOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.18-3.65). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential sex-specific interaction (P for interaction = 0.035), with a pronounced association in males (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.32-4.75) but was not statistically significant in females (aOR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.07-1.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-risk MASH defined by the FAST score is independently associated with prevalent IHD in the U.S.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Future prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate whether intervation of high-risk MASH improves cardiovascular outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin supplementation during high-altitude exposure modulates body composition and its relationship with gut microbiota: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jilei Hu, Die Fan, Chunxiu Xiao, Chao Kang, Jiaojiao Shi, Yunming Li, Jie Liu, Lirong Shen, Ning Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01343-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01343-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body composition is crucial for athletic performance and linked to the gut microbiota. Curcumin shows potential to promote muscle regeneration and modulate fat metabolism, but evidence from high-altitude populations remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on body composition at high altitudes, and explore potential role of gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 102 male Han participants was randomized to curcumin (812 mg/d) or placebo groups for 1-week pre-acclimatization and 6-week high-altitude acclimatization. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis and gut microbiota was analyzed through metagenomic sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After high-altitude acclimatization, curcumin significantly reduced the percent body fat (PBF, P = 0.030). Soft lean mass (SLM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat free mass (FFM) were increased in both groups, but the curcumin group exhibited greater increases although without significant difference. Curcumin supplementation significantly attenuated the upper-limbs FFM and arm muscle circumference reduction (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Eubacterium sp. CAG:180 was significantly negative with SLM and SMM (P < 0.05). Curcumin significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Eubacterium sp. CAG:274 and Eubacterium eligens (P < 0.01). Higher abundance of Eubacterium sp. CAG:274, Roseburia inulinivorans, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum were observed in high-skeletal muscle index participants. Lachnospira pectinoschiza, Clostridium leptum, and Eubacterium sp. CAG:274 were more abundant in low-PBF participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Curcumin supplementation might increase muscle mass gain and reduce PBF during high-altitude acclimatization that may correlate with changes in gut microbiota composition, and their causal association remains to be further verified.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ChiCTR220005965. Registered on May 5, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary choline intake during pregnancy and birth weight in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jiaomei Yang, Ziqi Xiao, Wanting Hu, Baligen Rekemubieke, Yue-Hua Li","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01339-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01339-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies on dietary choline and fetal growth are limited and inconsistent, and the impacts of choline subtypes on fetal growth remain unexplored. We aimed to investigate the associations of maternal intakes of dietary choline and choline subtypes during pregnancy with birth weight, low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to recruit 7310 women in Shaanxi China. Maternal diets during pregnancy was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multilevel linear or logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations. Dose-response relationships were evaluated using restricted cubic spline curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean total choline intake was 331.0 (SD: 162.4) mg/d, and the mean birth weight was 3263.7 (SD: 440.1) g. Each 100 mg increase in total choline, free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin was associated with an increase in birth weight of 18.7 (95% CI = 8.8-28.6), 25.0 (3.4-46.6), 51.1 (0.6-101.7), 128.3 (7.5-249.2), 15.3 (2.2-28.4), and 105.4 (33.5-177.3) g, respectively. Comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of total choline, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, glycerophosphocholine, and phosphocholine intakes, participants had lower odds of LBW and SGA, with the ORs for LBW ranging from 0.50 (0.30-0.81) to 0.62 (0.45-0.87) and for SGA from 0.71 (0.57-0.88) to 0.81 (0.68-0.96). There were L-shaped relationships between total choline and choline subtypes intakes and the odds of LBW.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher maternal intakes of dietary choline and choline subtypes during pregnancy was associated with higher birth weight and lower odds of LBW and SGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13440090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seafood consumption and incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: results from the 4 C study.","authors":"Xiang Hu, Liang Wang, Zhi-Yun Zhao, Li-Juan Yang, Hui-Hui Deng, Wei Pan, Meng-Ying Chen, Jie-Li Lu, Mian Li, Yu Xu, Min Xu, Tian-Ge Wang, Gang Chen, Qin Wan, Gui-Jun Qin, Li Yan, Gui-Xia Wang, Ying-Fen Qin, Zuo-Jie Luo, Xu-Lei Tang, Ya-Nan Huo, Ru-Ying Hu, Zhen Ye, Li-Xin Shi, Zheng-Nan Gao, Qing Su, Yi-Ming Mu, Jia-Jun Zhao, Lu-Lu Chen, Tian-Shu Zeng, Xue-Feng Yu, Qiang Li, Li Chen, Yin-Fei Zhang, You-Min Wang, Hua-Cong Deng, Chao Liu, Sheng-Li Wu, Tao Yang, Yu-Fang Bi, Wei-Qing Wang, Guang Ning, Fei-Xia Shen, Bo Yang, Xue-Jiang Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01338-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01338-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an urgent need to implement population-based actions to prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) in China. However, the current knowledge is limited on a prospective association of seafood intake with DM risk in Chinese adults. We aimed to determine the association between seafood consumption and the incident DM in a nationwide cohort of Chinese populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study of 104,816 participants, free of DM, aged ≥ 40 years across various geographical regions in China was conducted at baseline (China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer study). Habitual consumptions of seafood were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and DM was diagnosed according to the WHO 1999 criteria. Primary outcomes were the incident DM, presented as hazard rations (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were examined with Cox proportional model with adjustments for relevant covariates across quartiles of seafood consumptions, with the lowest quartile as the reference. Dose-response analyses were evaluated using the restricted cubic spline regression with tests for nonlinearity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the mean follow-up period of 3.60 years, 7,105 incident DM cases were present among the 104,816 participants. Participants at the highest quartile of seafood-consumption amount had a lower risk of DM than those at the lowest (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.94). There is a steep decrease in the risk of DM with the increasing consumption of seafood within the cumulative amount of 200.00 g/week, which further strengthened gradually thereafter (P for nonlinearity < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the middle-aged, elderly Chinese population, higher seafood consumption was nonlinearly associated with a lower risk of incident DM, and the cutoff amount of 200.00 g/week was appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148043213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota and western dietary patterns associated with behavioral problems in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"A Larroya, S Romera-Giner, V Tolosa-Enguís, S M Rodríguez-Ruano, S Andrés-García, I Soro-Conde, P Codoñer, Y Sanz","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01335-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01335-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for brain development, during which multiple environmental factors, including gut microbiota and dietary habits, play important roles. However, the combined impact of those factors on neurodevelopment and mental disease risk remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationships between gut microbiota and diet and their role in classifying behavioral problems that may precede mental disorders in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional study, including data from 335 subjects, including 202 children (5-10 years) and 133 adolescents (11-17 years). Gut microbiota was analysed in stools by shotgun metagenomics. Dietary habits, lifestyle factors and emotional and behavioral difficulties were screened using validated questionnaires. Penalized Logistic Regression models were trained to classify individuals into Healthy and Behavioral Problem groups based on microbial diversity, differential abundance of bacterial species, dietary patterns, and food and nutrient intakes. Mediation analyses were applied to assess whether gut microbiota mediates the effect of diet on behavioral problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Western diet characterized by poor adherence to dietary recommendations was consistently associated with behavioral problems in all age groups. Individuals with behavioral problems exhibited distinct gut microbiota profiles characterized by lower levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (particularly butyrate-producing species) and higher levels of potential pathogens (e.g., Campylobacter coli and Lautropia mirabilis), linked to poor dietary choices. Furthermore, we evidenced the mediation role of the gut microbiota in the association between dietary patterns and food groups and behavioral problems. In adolescents, L. mirabilis was identified as a mediator of the relationship between a Western diet and behavioral problems, while Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans mediated the relationship between fish consumption and behavioral problems. Gut microbiota data enhanced the classification accuracy of logistic regression models for identifying individuals with behavioral problems over models based solely on dietary data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating dietary habits and gut microbiota data enables more accurate stratification of children and adolescents at risk for behavioral problems. Our findings may help to refine dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota to improve mental health outcomes in these vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between dietary inflammation index and progression of vitiligo.","authors":"Yang Yang, Jingying Tian, Lili Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01341-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01341-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitiligo is a melanocyte-destructive depigmenting disease linked to immune inflammation, with diet potentially mediating inflammatory processes via immune dysregulation. However, the specific role of diet in vitiligo pathogenesis remains understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and vitiligo onset or progression, for developing novel prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study included 80 progressive vitiligo patients (2024 Jan-Mar, Shuguang Hospital) and 80 sex/age-matched controls. Dietary intake was assessed via semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), with DII scores calculated. Logistic regression and Spearman analysis evaluated DII-vitiligo associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cases had significantly higher DII levels (Z=-2.054, P = 0.042). Each 1-unit DII increase correlated with a 23% higher vitiligo risk (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.005-1.504, P = 0.044), with a positive Spearman correlation (r = 0.161, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pro-inflammatory diets may increase the risk of vitiligo occurrence and development. Adjusting the dietary structure may help prevent and control the disease. This study provides a new basis for dietary interventions in vitiligo.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Limitations include small sample size and reliance on global DII norms (lacking Chinese standards), warranting multi-center, large-scale studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Link between ultra-processed foods and drinks intake, gut microbiota and inflammation: an exploratory analysis in adult volunteers.","authors":"Laetitia Lengelé, Manon Autuori, Emilie Bosteels, Audrey M Neyrinck, Marie Rombaux, Patrice D Cani, Valérie Dormal, Louise Deldicque, Laure B Bindels, Nathalie M Delzenne","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01340-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01340-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPFD) have been acknowledged to promote metabolic disturbances and inflammation. Knowing that both events can be associated with gut microbiota alterations, this observational longitudinal analysis aimed to explore the link between UPFD intake, faecal microbiota composition and activity, and inflammatory biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MICROBOOST-1 study included 20 adults for 3 study visits spaced at least 7 days apart. Dietary intakes were collected using three non-consecutive 24 h recalls, including a weekend day, and performed the week preceding each study visit. Foods and drinks were categorized in a double-blind manner as ultra-processed following the NOVA classification. Mean energy-adjusted UPFD consumption was then divided into quartiles. Stool samples were collected at most four days before each study visit. Faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16S-rDNA Illumina sequencing, and exhaled breath hydrogen - reflecting gut microbial fermentation - was measured. Inflammatory cytokines were quantified in saliva. Mixed models were applied accounting for multiple time points per participant. Overall UPFD, \"meat, fish, and cheese\" (MFC) and \"sugar-sweetened beverages\" (SSB) categories were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison with the lowest consumption quartile of UPFD categories, the highest quartile showed no change in α- and β-diversity, but a lower relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Desulfovibrio, Veillonella and a higher relative abundance of Hominimerdicola and Phocaeicola for all UPFD (q-value < 0.05). A decrease in Agathobacter and Coprococcus and an increase in Actinomyces relative abundances characterized the MFC category, whereas higher Actinomyces and lower Flintibacter relative abundances were observed for SSB category (q-value < 0.05). SSB intake was also related to lower exhaled hydrogen and to higher salivary level of IL-6 (p-value < 0.05). Total UPFD intake was linked to increased salivary IL-1β (p-value < 0.05). This cytokine was positively associated with Flintibacter and negatively associated with Faecalibacterium. In addition, Phocaeicola, Desulfovibrio, Veillonella, Actinomyces and Coprococcus were positively associated with IL-6, while Desulfovibrio and Veillonella were positively and Actinomyces and Agathobacter negatively related to IL-8 (p-value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, using non-invasive tools, we observed associations between the level of UPFD intake and components of the gut microbiota and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>The protocol is recorded at «clinicaltrials.gov» (NCT05949411).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of early life dietary diversity and child neurodevelopment: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Tianqi Tan, Luyi Chen, Xiaonan Cai, Aifen Zhou, Meng Yang, Zhongqiang Cao, Ling Yu, Ruizhen Li, Shiqiong Zhou, Han Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01328-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01328-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-life nutrition is crucial for child neurodevelopment, but evidence on the role of dietary diversity remains limited, especially regarding its combined effects during pregnancy and infancy. This study aimed to investigate the independent and joint associations of maternal and infant dietary diversity score (DDS) with child neurodevelopment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 2,773 mother-infant pairs from a prospective birth cohort in Wuhan, China. Maternal DDS during pregnancy and infant DDS at 12 and 24 months of age were assessed. The Bayley Scales were used to evaluate the mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) of 2-year-old children. Linear and Log-Poisson regression models were used to analyze associations, adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher maternal DDS was associated with increased MDI scores (β = 0.61 per 1-point increase). Infant DDS at 12 and 24 months positively correlated with MDI (β = 0.52 and 0.34, respectively) and PDI (β = 0.28 and 0.26, respectively). Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of infant DDS was associated with significantly lower risks of cognitive development delay, with relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 0.32 (0.15-0.71) at 12 months and 0.67 (0.47-0.96) at 24 months (all P for trend < 0.05). Joint analysis showed cumulative benefits of sustained high DDS across early life stages. Specific foods, including, whole grains, red meat, vegetables, and fruits, were positively associated with neurodevelopment, while sweets showed negative associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater dietary diversity during pregnancy and infancy was linked to improved child neurocognitive development, emphasizing the importance of balanced nutrition across early-life stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of daily supplementation with defatted almond protein powder on fitness training adaptations and metabolic health in overweight and obese post-menopausal women.","authors":"Vy Tran, Charles S Urwin, Michael Tieland, Sze-Yen Tan, Jackson J Fyfe, Simon Feros, Clinton Bruce, Shaun Mason, Rhiannon Snipe, Giselle Allsopp, D Lee Hamilton, Zoya Huschtscha","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01330-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01330-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia, characterised by declines in muscle mass and function, is expected to impact many postmenopausal women due to ageing and sedentary lifestyles. Hormonal changes during menopause exacerbate loss of lean mass, visceral fat gain, and risk of cardiometabolic disease. Resistance and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are effective countermeasures, with adequate protein and fibre intake essential to support favourable adaptations. However, many women fall short of these protein and fibre dietary recommendations, particularly at breakfast. Defatted almond protein powder (APP), a by-product of almond oil production, is rich in protein and fibre and may enhance exercise-induced adaptations, though its effects remain untested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This protocol outlines a 12-week study comprising a 10-week supervised resistance and HIIT intervention, with baseline and post-intervention assessments conducted over one-week periods immediately before and after the intervention. The randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will investigate the effects of defatted APP supplementation in postmenopausal women. We aim to recruit 48 participants who will be randomly allocated to receive either APP or an energy-matched placebo (maltodextrin). Primary outcomes include changes in total and regional lean mass which will be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes include strength, assessed via 3-repetition maximum (3-RM) chest press and leg press, and maximal handgrip strength; cardiovascular fitness (VO₂peak); total body fat (absolute and %), blood lipids; blood glucose; insulin response; appetite; supplement acceptability; and dietary intake. Data will be analysed using linear regression and mixed-effects models under intention-to-treat and per-protocol frameworks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study will be the first to examine the effects of daily supplementation with APP on musculoskeletal and metabolic outcomes in postmenopausal women undergoing structured and supervised exercise training. Findings of this study may assist in developing applications for high protein/fibre by-product from the nut/seed oil industry and determine if supplementation with this almond derived product is an effective nutritional strategy to support training adaptations to strength and HIIT training in ageing women.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ANZCTR: ACTRN12625000133437 (Date Registered: 06 February 2025). Registration URL: ANZCTR Trial Registration .</p><p><strong>Ethics: </strong>DUHREC: (2024/HE000126). Version: 2.0 date (16/02/2026).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}