Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"The association between dietary fiber intake and risk of lung cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Kimia Fathzadeh, Shervin Kazeminejad, Arghavan Balali, Leila Azadbakht","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01337-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01337-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Earlier meta-analyses have examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of lung cancer; however, no study has investigated the link with fiber. Therefore, in the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis we aimed to summarize available findings from prospective studies on the link between dietary fiber consumption and lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies reporting risk estimates for the association between dietary fiber intake and lung cancer risk were included based on a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as well as Google Scholar up to 21 April 2025. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE methodology were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence, respectively. A random-effects model was used to combine the studies' risk estimates. Dose-response relationships were explored using a one-stage random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prospective cohort studies with a total of 2,999,203 participants and 26,012 cases were included. According to linear dose-response analysis, each 5 g/d increase in dietary fiber intake was associated with an 8% reduction in risk of lung cancer (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98). No evidence of a nonlinear relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of lung cancer was observed (P-nonlinearity = 0.995). The certainty of the evidence was rated as moderate according to the GRADE rating tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this meta-analysis support the protective association between dietary fiber intake and lung cancer risk. However, due to different limitations the results should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251037254.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores and incidence of cardiovascular disease and heart failure: evidence from a longitudinal cohort.","authors":"Azra Ramezankhani, Amir Abdi, Parto Hadaegh, Farzad Hadaegh","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01303-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01303-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated the associations of dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores (DIS and LIS) with the incidence of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, its different subtypes, including hard CVD, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), as well as heart failure (HF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 5866 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). DIS and LIS were constructed using food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire data. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of DIS and LIS for CVD outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 14 years, there were 822, 600, 290, 252, and 270 events of all CVD, hard CVD, HF, stroke, and MI, respectively. In continuous scale, each one-point increase in DIS was associated with higher risk of all CVD (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07), hard CVD (1.05; 1.01-1.08), and MI (1.06; 1.01-1.12). In quintile analysis, the highest DIS quintile was associated with an elevated risk of all CVD (1.28; 1.02-1.61; P trend = 0.067) and hard CVD events (1.47; 1.12-1.92; P trend = 0.013). In subgroup analysis, the impact of DIS on all CVD events was more pronounced among overweight participants compared to normal weight or obese counterparts (P-interaction < 0.001). Furthermore, each one-point increase in LIS was associated with a 36% higher risk of HF (1.36; 1.12-1.62). Participants in the highest LIS quintile had a 75% higher risk of HF (1.75: 1.18-2.59), compared to those in the lowest quintile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diet and lifestyle, through their contributions to inflammation, may be associated with higher CVD risk, particularly hard CVD, MI, and HF.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13360531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding problems in infancy and diet quality in later childhood: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Emma Jankowski, Diane L Putnick, Akghar Ghassabian, Priscilla K Clayton, Tzu-Chun Lin, Edwina H Yeung","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01311-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01311-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feeding problems affect many children, yet their connection with diet quality in later childhood is unknown, despite the important role of diet quality on health outcomes, such as obesity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine feeding problem behaviors and diet quality in later childhood.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The frequency of problematic feeding behaviors (i.e., items related to food refusal, feeding difficulties, and distress) were parent-reported at 18 and 24 months in a birth cohort (2008-2010) from New York state (n = 4,989). In this previously validated feeding behaviors scale, parents responded to how often their child engaged in behaviors such as crying/screaming during meals and food refusal, to create an average feeding problems score. Typical daily servings of food items that a child consumed were parent-reported at 30 months, 36 months, 7 years, and 9 years and diet quality using the Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI) was calculated, with a higher score indicating better diet quality. Mixed effects analyses calculated mean differences in YHEI per unit increase in feeding problem scores, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors, such as parental education, gestational age, and any breastfeeding duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding problem scores at 18 and 24 months were prospectively associated with lower YHEI scores at 30/36 months (18 months: B = -1.10, 95% CI: -1.93, -0.27; 24 months: B = -1.56, 95% CI: -2.33, -0.79). Similar associations were observed at 7/9 years (18 months: B = -1.30, 95% CI: -2.61, 0.00; 24 months: B = -1.65, 95% CI: -2.96, -0.34).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher feeding problems in infancy (18 and 24 months) were associated with lower quality diets in childhood, even after children started school. These findings highlight the importance of feeding behaviors to long-term diet quality even with observations as early as 18 months.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT03106493 in clinicaltrials.gov (Dates: 07/2008-11/2019, Study Registration Date: 2017-04-10).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between carotenoids and rheumatoid arthritis risk: evidence from two population-based studies.","authors":"Xinzhe Jing, Meiqun Lv, Ying Chen, Xuanli Zhao, Jiayu Li, Xiaohui Sun, Zhixing He, Yingying Mao, Ding Ye","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01333-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01333-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotenoids are common natural anti-inflammatory antioxidants produced by plants and some microorganisms. However, there are limited reports on the association between carotenoids and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and UK Biobank (UKB). In the NHANES, a total of 40,410 and 13,440 participants were included to evaluate the association of dietary carotenoid intake and serum carotenoid levels with RA, respectively. Among 179,171 participants in the UKB, 2,156 individuals developed RA over a median follow-up of 7.74 years. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model and quantile G-Computation (QGC) model were established to investigate single and joint effect of carotenoid levels (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin) on RA in NHANES by cross-sectional study design. Furthermore, Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to validate the potential association in UKB cohort, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was applied to estimate the possible nonlinear association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), dietary intake level of alpha-carotene in Q3 were consistently associated with a decreased risk of RA in NHANES (odds ratio [OR]: 0.771, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.628 to 0.946, P-value = 0.013) and UKB (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.875, 95% CI: 0.775 to 0.987, P-value = 0.030). At serum level, all kinds of carotenoids in Q4 were significantly inversely associated with RA when compared with Q1. In QGC model, each one-quartile increase in the intake (OR: 0.886, 95% CI: 0.841 to 0.933, P-value < 0.001) or serum levels (OR: 0.795, 95% CI: 0.732 to 0.864, P-value < 0.001) of the six carotenoids showed a negative correlation against of RA in NHANES. RCS analysis indicated that dietary intake of total-carotene (P-value = 0.0020 for nonlinear), alpha-carotene (P-value = 0.0175 for nonlinear), and beta-carotene (P-value = 0.0021 for nonlinear) exhibited a nonlinear relationship with the risk of RA in UKB. The protective effects against RA were found within the ranges of log natural transformation for total-carotene (5.28 to 8.69 µg/day), and beta-carotene (5.18 to 8.61 µg/day).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both cross-sectional and prospective studies indicate that carotenoids, as natural and effective anti-inflammatory antioxidants, were negatively associated with RA. Daily intake of an appropriate dose can significantly reduce the risk of RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary diversity measured by the number of dishes with cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018-19.","authors":"Saeka Takabayashi, Emiko Okada, Hidemi Takimoto, Mieko Nakamura, Satoshi Sasaki, Kunihiko Takahashi, Koshi Nakamura, Shigekazu Ukawa, Akiko Tamakoshi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01326-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01326-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Japanese-style diet has attracted attention as a factor contributing to the Japanese population's longevity by reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The Japanese-style diet is said to be \"ichijusansai\" (rice with one soup and three dishes) and is characterized by a high number of dishes. However, the relationship between the number of dishes in all meals (NDAM) and CVD risk factors remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 2,900 participants aged ≥20 years from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants were divided into four groups according to sex and NDAM. NDAM was calculated based on a one-day weighed dietary record, excluding beverages, and including all other dishes and foods. Multivariable relative risks (RRs) were estimated using a modified Poisson regression model adjusted for age, living alone, area, occupation, exercise habits, smoking habits, drinking habits, and total energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with higher NDAM were more likely to be older, non-smokers, and physically active. In men, higher NDAM (Groups 2-4) was associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia compared to Group 1 (the lowest NDAM). In women, an inverse association was observed for overweight/obesity, with Group 4 (the highest NDAM) showing a lower risk than Group 1. Furthermore, a lower risk of hypertension was found in Groups 2-3 compared to Group 1. However, these associations did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A diet with a high NDAM may be inversely associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of food parenting practices in early childhood with dietary intake, BMI, and weight status in young adulthood: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Jelle Arts, Stef P J Kremers, Monique Mommers, Simone J M P Eussen, Jessica S Gubbels","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01331-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01331-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about how early food parenting practices (FPPs) influence long-term diet and weight. This study examined associations of FPPs in early childhood- specifically restriction, pressure to eat, monitoring, and stimulation of healthy eating-with dietary intake, BMI, and weight status in young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands. At age 5 years, mothers reported FPPs using a 5-point Likert scale based on the Child Feeding Questionnaire (scale 1-5). At age 19 years, young adults self-reported their dietary intake and BMI via an online questionnaire, including a food frequency questionnaire. Food intake was categorized as 0-1, 2-3, or 4-7 days per week (scale 1-3). Associations were analyzed using ordinal logistic, binary logistic, linear, and robust regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaires at both ages were available for 824 participants. The stimulation FPP \"I make sure that my child eats enough healthy food products\" was associated with lower unhealthy (B = -0.06), and higher healthy (B = 0.07) food intake. Regarding individual food categories, pressure to eat was associated with consuming more fried snacks (OR = 1.34), and less cooked vegetables (OR = 0.77). Restriction was associated with consuming more fried snacks (OR = 1.41), cookies (OR = 1.34), and pastries (OR = 1.42). Monitoring was associated with higher soda intake (OR = 1.29). The stimulation FPP was associated with consuming less fried snacks (OR = 0.67), cookies (OR = 0.70), and more fruits (OR = 1.65) and cooked vegetables (OR = 1.35). Regarding weight, pressure to eat was associated with lower BMI (B = -0.37) and reduced overweight risk (OR = 0.66), but these associations were nonsignificant after adjusting for BMI z-scores at age 5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early FPPs may shape long-term dietary behaviors. Supportive, structured practices that stimulate healthy eating without coercion appear more beneficial than restrictive or pressuring practices. Longitudinal studies considering mediating and moderating factors are needed to clarify long-term associations between FPPs, dietary, and weight outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a theory-based multicomponent intervention to improve diet and activity behaviours among primary school children: a pilot study.","authors":"Cindy Mei Jun Chan, Bee Choo Tai, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, Michael Yong Hwa Chia, Natasha Howard, Zoe Jane-Lara Hildon, Mary Foong-Fong Chong","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01329-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01329-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>School-based multicomponent interventions have shown promise in improving children's lifestyle behaviours, but evidence on their feasibility in Asia remains limited. The Promoting hEalthy Diet and Active Lifestyle intervention was developed for primary school children (ages 10-11 years) in Singapore to improve diet and activity behaviours (fruit and vegetable intakes, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time, and recreational screen time), through lessons, take-home activities, parental engagement, and environmental modifications. This pilot study evaluated six feasibility dimensions: recruitment; data collection; implementation fidelity; practicality; social validity; and potential effectiveness, particularly of our theory-based approach, which focuses on ideations and their impact on behaviour.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A concurrent mixed-methods study design was employed in two public co-educational schools. This involved a pre-post survey of students' self-reported behaviours (n = 139) and to generate healthy eating (HE) and physically active (PA) ideation scores, focus group discussions with students (n = 20) and teachers (n = 11), teacher-reported feedback forms (n = 13 classes), short interviews with canteen vendors (n = 11), and observation to evaluate environment modifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Student survey completion rate was low (57%) due to insufficient time, although lessons were well-liked by students and teachers, with high student attendance (97%). Teachers delivered 83% of the planned activities, with time constraints being a barrier. There were no significant changes in the behaviours or HE ideation scores, although PA ideation scores improved (+ 0.3, 95% CI: 0.03-0.6) due to increased knowledge scores (+ 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4-0.7). While this increase in knowledge did not result in behavioural changes, the association between ideation scores and behaviours aligned with theoretical expectations. Higher HE ideation scores correlated with greater fruit and vegetable intake, while higher PA ideation scores were associated with more MVPA and less recreational screen time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Poor fidelity in take-home activities and parental engagement, along with students' inertia and perceived lack of need for change, explained the absence of significant behavioural change. The study identified key conditions for better implementation, including stronger stakeholder buy-in, flexible lesson delivery, and digital data tracking. It highlighted the complexity of behaviour change in Singapore primary schools, emphasising the need for long-term, tailored interventions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN16114046. Registered 16/10/2022, prospectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum uric acid and the trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective study conducted with data from the UK Biobank.","authors":"Juan Wu, Yingdong Han, Menghui Yao, Zhikai Li, Tiange Xie, Yun Zhang, Xuejun Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01324-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01324-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of serum uric acid (SUA) in disease progression from baseline to first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), subsequent cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective analysis using UK Biobank data (n = 418,765). CMM was defined as the coexistence of at least at least two cardiometabolic conditions out of type 2 diabetes (T2D), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke. Multi-state models were employed to analyze the associations between SUA levels and disease transitions across different stages, including disease-specific analyses for individual cardiometabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 54,946 participants developed FCMD, of whom 6,260 progressed to CMM. Each 1 mg/dL increase in SUA was associated with higher risks of FCMD [HR: 1.08 (1.07, 1.09)], transition from FCMD to CMM [HR: 1.07 (1.05, 1.10)], and all-cause mortality from all states [HR 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) from baseline to death; HR 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) from FCMD to death; HR 1.08 (1.03, 1.12) from CMM to death]. When FCMD was further divided into IHD, stroke, and T2D, we found that SUA played different roles in disease-specific transitions even within the same stage, with the strongest associations observed for incident T2D [HR: 1.15 (1.14, 1.17)] and stroke-to-CMM progression [HR: 1.11 (1.04, 1.18)]. These associations remained robust across sensitivity analyses and were stronger in younger participants (< 60 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated SUA levels serve as a potential marker across the entire trajectory of cardiometabolic disease progression. These findings suggest the importance of SUA monitoring and management in preventing cardiometabolic disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary health diet adherence and risk of cognitive-behavioral disorders in children and adolescents: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ying Hsiao, Yao-Chuen Li, Meei-Shyuan Lee, Han-Bin Huang, Yuan-Ting C Lo, Yi-Chen Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01325-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01325-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental and behavioral disorders are a major public health concern and represent the most prevalent psychiatric conditions among youth. Although the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) was developed to promote both human and planetary health, the role of sustainable dietary patterns in neurodevelopment remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated the association between adherence to a child-adapted PHD index (PHDI-C) and cognitive-behavioral health among children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 1,744 participants aged 7-18 years in the 2013-2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan were analyzed and linked to the 2013-2021 National Health Insurance database to identify incident cognitive-behavioral disorders. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recalls, yielding PHDI-C scores. Nutrient adequacy was evaluated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident cognitive-behavioral disorders across PHDI-C tertiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the highest tertile (T3) of the PHDI-C were more likely to be aged 7-12 years, fathers with higher education and sufficient household income, and exhibited greater height-for-age z-scores. Compared with T1, T3 showed lower fat but higher protein and micronutrient intakes (except vitamin B-12 and sodium) and a higher MAR (p < 0.0001). Over nine years of follow-up, T3 participants had a 68% lower risk of cognitive-behavioral disorders compared with T1 (HR = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.15-0.67). Each 5-point increase in PHDI-C score corresponded to an 16% lower risk (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94). Age-stratified analyses showed stronger protective effects among adolescents aged 13-18 years (HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.60).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater PHD adherence was associated with better nutrient adequacy and reduced risk of cognitive-behavioral disorders in children and adolescents aged 13-18 years. These findings underscore the potential of sustainable dietary patterns to promote youth mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee consumption in relation to circadian syndrome in US population: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Da Shi, Jiayi Hang, Weihong Chen, Zhiyu Jiang, Yi He, Jiaqiang Gui, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01327-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01327-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circadian syndrome (CircS) was recently proposed and referred to several common chronic diseases that showed a tight association with circadian disruption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 15,594 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2003-2020. Survey-weight regression was used to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and CircS in the US population. Potential confounders were adjusted in the analysis. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating role of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the above relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After multivariate adjustment, participants with coffee consumption between one and two cups/day had significant reductions in CircS (OR: 0.976 with 95% CI: 0.960, 0.992) and CircS-related components (β: -0.121 with 95% CI: -0.184, -0.058) compared with those did not consumed coffee. Age, education level, and the ratio of family income to poverty showed interaction with coffee consumption on CircS and/or its components (P_interaction < 0.05). The negative association between coffee consumption and ALP was observed (P_trend < 0.05), and the relationship between coffee consumption and CircS and its components was significantly mediated by decreased ALP with 13.4% and 26.9% mediation proportion, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, coffee consumption was negatively associated with the risk of CircS and CircS-related components among the US population, and the associations were modified by age, education level, and household income but mediated by decreased serum ALP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}