Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Analyzing dietary exposure to critical nutrients on a plant-based diet using the food- and total nutrient index.","authors":"Maximilian Andreas Storz, Frieda Stübing, Luciana Hannibal, Roman Huber","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01105-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01105-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unfortified plant-based diets are devoid of vitamin B12, and supply low intakes of iodine, zinc, selenium, and calcium. To disentangle the complex interplay between nutritional adequacy and nutrient intakes from supplements and foods in plant-based diets, data from a Germany-based cross-sectional study examining the nutritional status of omnivores, lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans was re-analyzed. Special emphasis was put on potentially under-consumed nutrients in plant-based diets, including vitamin A and choline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel tool focusing on under-consumed micronutrients was employed to shed a new light on nutrient supply and dietary exposure to critical nutrients in plant-based diets: The Total Nutrient Index (TNI). The TNI extends existing measures of diet quality by considering nutrient intake data from both foods and supplements. The TNI covers calcium, magnesium, potassium, choline and vitamins A, C, D, and E. The TNI was compared between omnivores, vegetarians and vegans, with a special focus on its micronutrient component scores and with regard to dietary supplement contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 108 participants was analyzed. The vegan and the omnivorous diet resulted in similar TNI scores (73.70 ± 19.68 and 72.77 ± 17.88), whereas lacto-ovo-vegetarians scored lower (68.50 ± 17.10). The contribution of supplements to the TNI was higher in vegans and omnivores (median contribution: 12.50 (16.80) and 10.81 (18.23) score points, respectively) as compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarians (3.42 (12.50) score points). High micronutrient component score contributions to the TNI were found for vitamin D supplements (all dietary groups), vitamin C supplements (omnivores and vegans) and magnesium supplements (all groups).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementation has a profound impact on nutrient supplies in individuals on a plant-based diet. This study reiterates the need to quantitatively assess nutrient intakes from supplements to assess diet quality of plant-based dietary patterns. We posit that defining diet-specific TNI scores is important for a precise evaluation of diet quality, whether in omnivore or in the spectrum of plant-based diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and age-related macular degeneration in Korean adults.","authors":"Won Jang, Yuna Kim, Hyesook Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01090-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01090-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 and omega-3 families affect processes implicated in vascular and neural retinal disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using a nationwide representative sample of older adults (≥ 50 years), including 1,944 men and 2,592 women, from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2018). Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intakes were collected through a 24-hour recall method and used to calculate the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio. Associations between the ratio and AMD were determined using odds ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of AMD was 19.8% and 17.7% in Korean men and women, respectively. In women, the multivariable-adjusted OR for incurring AMD was significantly higher in the 2nd (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.02-1.81) and 3rd (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.02-1.83) tertiles of the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio than in the 1st tertile (OR = 1, the reference OR) (P = 0.036 for this trend). However, this association was not observed in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that high omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios may be associated with an increased prevalence of AMD among Korean women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Diets and Nutrient Intakes in Morbidly Obese US Adults in Comparison to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.","authors":"Maximilian Andreas Storz, Frieda Stübing, Roman Huber","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01088-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morbid Obesity (MO), defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 40 kg/m², is the most severe form of obesity. The risk of suffering from any chronic medical condition is almost twice as high in MO as compared to overweight. Despite obesity being one of the most serious contemporary public health concerns, there is a paucity of nutrient intake data in adults with MO. Nutritional assessments in morbidly obese adults are often based on individuals seeking weight loss surgery rather than focusing on the general community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data (NHANES, 2007-2016), we estimated nutrient intakes in the general US population with MO, thereby focusing on a comparative assessment to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA, 2020-2025). Nutrient intakes were assessed in morbidly obese US adults with a BMI > 40 kg/m², regardless of their intention to seek weight loss treatment and regardless of reporting special diets. Sex- and age-specific nutrient intake assessments were performed, with the aim to identify population subgroups that may warrant particular attention from a public health perspective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample comprised 1,708 participants with MO. This may be extrapolated to represent 14,047,276 US Americans. MO was more prevalent in females as compared to males (65.60% vs 34.40%) and the sample's average age was 46.25 years, with a tendency towards a lower mean age in higher BMI groups. The alignment with the DGA was poor across both sexes, and particularly with regard to the nutrients of public health concern (fiber, calcium), saturated fatty acid intake and the intakes of several fat-soluble vitamins. Fiber intake was found to be particularly low in females with MO. Total energy intake was not associated with BMI in participants with MO. Morbidly obese individuals frequently reported special diets, with up to 28% of the examined population disclosing at least one special diet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a descriptive epidemiological approach, we identified numerous sociodemographic and nutritional factors associated with MO. The poor alignment with US national dietary guidelines warrants special considerations and dedicated public health nutrition efforts to combat the increasing obesity-related burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization of serum micronutrients and osteoarthritis risk: focus on zinc.","authors":"Wenxing Zeng, Enda Hong, Wei Ye, Luyao Ma, Dejun Cun, Feng Huang, Ziwei Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01100-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01100-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is an increasingly severe public health issue globally. Micronutrients are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions and metabolic balance; however, their relationship with OA is not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the potential causal relationships between 15 key micronutrients and the risk of OA using both two-sample and multivariate Mendelian randomization approaches. We gathered data from a large prospective cohort of genome-wide association studies on these micronutrients and OA. Comprehensive Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting, MR Egger, weighted median, weighted models, and simple models. Through multivariate analyses, factors such as BMI and strenuous exercise were controlled to assess the independent associations between zinc and OA risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, zinc was positively associated with OA risk (OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.009 to 1.082, P = 0.015). This association remained significant even after controlling for other confounding factors in multivariate analyses, indicating an independent effect of zinc. Other micronutrients, such as calcium, iron, and vitamin D, did not show significant associations with OA risk in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides new evidence of a positive association between the micronutrient zinc and the risk of OA, emphasizing the importance of considering micronutrients in osteoarthritis prevention and treatment strategies. Future research should further validate these findings and explore the specific biological mechanisms by which zinc influences the risk of osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-restricted eating (TRE) for obesity in general practice: study protocol of a controlled, randomized implementation study (INDUCT) within the Research Practice Network Baden-Wuerttemberg (FoPraNet-BW).","authors":"Lorena Braun, Hannah Haumann, Andreas Polanc, Roland Koch, Elke Feil, Anika Klein, Claudia Salm, Frank Peters-Klimm, Gudrun Hübner, Christian Thies, Stephanie Biergans, Stefanie Joos","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01091-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01091-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a major health problem with a significant impact on quality of life and is a major risk factor for other diseases such as diabetes. There is a growing body of evidence that time-restricted eating (TRE) as one form of intermittent fasting (IF) represents a promising weight management strategy. Given the lack of evidence-based weight management strategies in the primary health care setting, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TRE in general practice in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>INDUCT is a type hybrid I, randomized-controlled study conducted in 41 practices within the newly established general practice-based research network (GPBRN) in Baden-Wuerttemberg (FoPraNet-BW). The study population consists of patients with a Body Mass Index between 30-45 kg (kg)/m². The intervention group receives TRE at the scheme 16:8 (16 h fasting; 8 h energy intake) while the control group receives care as usual. The primary outcome is change in body weight under a 6-month period of TRE. Secondary outcomes are related to the patient (e.g. quality of life) and the practice (e.g. knowledge about research in own practice). As the INDUCT study represents one of the first four use-cases within the Research Network Baden-Wuerttemberg (FoPraNet-BW), feasibility is a further secondary outcome. The target sample size is 208 patients with a 1:1 randomization. An intention-to-treat approach is used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>INDUCT adds evidence on the effect of TRE as a weight management strategy in general practice. Relevant factors for a sustainable and successful implementation in general practice will be revealed and can be applied for future implementation of TRE interventions in general practice if proven successful. In addition, important lessons learned regarding the conduction of clinical research within FoPraNet-BW will be derived. This fosters a sustainable implementation of a research infrastructure in general practice in Germany. DRKS-ID (German Clinical Trials Register-ID): DRKS00031928 (Date of registration in DRKS: 2023-06-22; Link: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00031928 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of adherence to an obesogenic dietary pattern and changes in diet quality, food intake, and adiposity during adolescence.","authors":"Jesús Martínez-Gómez, Patricia Bodega, Gloria Santos-Beneit, Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, María Beneito-Durá, Mercedes de Miguel, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Ana María Ruiz-León, Ramón Estruch, Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós, Luis A Moreno, Juan Miguel Fernández-Alvira, Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01102-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01102-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Contemporary longitudinal data on dietary patterns (DP) during adolescence are scarce. This study aimed to identify trajectories of adherence to an obesogenic DP and changes in diet quality (DQ), related food consumption, and adiposity markers during adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 600 adolescents (293 girls, 48.8%) attending 24 secondary schools enrolled on the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain was assessed when participants were approximately 12, 14, and 16 years old. An energy-dense, high-fat, and low-fiber (obesogenic) DP was derived at each time point by reduced rank regression (RRR) using the percentage energy intake from fat, fiber density, and dietary energy density as intermediate variables. Based on each participant's resulting scores, trajectories of adherence to the obesogenic DP were identified by latent class trajectory modeling. Adjusted associations between trajectories, DQ and food consumption changes, and adiposity markers during adolescence were analyzed with generalized linear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on adherence to the obesogenic DP during adolescence, four stable trajectory groups (from lowest to highest adherence) were identified: trajectory 1 (44 participants [7.3%]), trajectory 2 (180 participants [30.0%]), trajectory 3 (292 participants [48.7%]), and trajectory 4 (84 participants [14.0%]). Overall DQ was moderate, but showed a gradient across trajectories, with trajectory 1 having the best quality. Although the identified trajectories were stable, individuals in the group with the lowest adherence to the obesogenic DP (trajectory 1) significantly improved their overall DQ over time, whereas those with the highest adherence (trajectory 4) showed the opposite trend. The group of adolescents in trajectory 4 had the least healthy central adiposity profile when ∼16 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Four stable trajectories of adherence to an obesogenic DP were identified in a large cohort of adolescents, with DQ decreasing as adherence to the DP increased. Although adherence to the DP was stable, differences in food intake between trajectories widened over time, resulting in increased central adiposity in participants with the highest adherence to the pattern at the end of the study. Further research is needed to explore the determinants of adherence to obesogenic DPs in adolescence and to evaluate their effects on adiposity and overall health later in life.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03504059.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and all-cause and cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in Korean adults.","authors":"Soomin Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Minji Kang","doi":"10.1186/s12937-024-01064-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-024-01064-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Examining dietary patterns in relation to mortality offers a more comprehensive view of food and nutrient intake. However, to our knowledge, the association of the Korean population's dietary patterns with mortality remains scarce and unclear. We aim to investigate the association between dietary patterns and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the Korean population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 18,019 men and 26,604 women aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2015. Dietary data were collected from a 24-hour dietary recall. Mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer were ascertained from linkage to Statistics Korea. We identified dietary patterns through factor analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality according to diet pattern scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 8.19 person-years, 2,622 deaths were identified, with 595 due to CVD and 827 due to cancer. Factor analysis based on 22 food groups, three dietary patterns were obtained: (1) \"animal food and condiment pattern,\" (2) \"seafood and vegetable pattern,\" and (3) \"dairy products and processed meat pattern.\" After multivariable adjustment, the \"seafood and vegetable pattern\" score was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality for the second to the highest quintile of \"seafood and vegetable pattern\", compared with the first quintile were 0.86 (0.75-0.99), 0.75 (0.65-0.87), 0.81 (0.69-0.94), and 0.87 (0.73-1.05), respectively (P for trend = 0.191). For CVD mortality, the HRs were 0.82 (0.62-1.07), 0.80 (0.58-1.08), 0.70 (0.50-0.99), and 0.63 (0.42-0.96), respectively (P for trend = 0.027). No statistically significant associations were found in \"animal food and condiment pattern\" or \"dairy products and processed meat pattern\" for all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed that the \"seafood and vegetable\" dietary pattern decreased the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Korean adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of improved emotion behavior in 6-14-year-old children following a 4-week placebo controlled prebiotic supplement intervention at home with a parent.","authors":"Nicola Johnstone, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01098-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01098-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomised intervention we investigated the potential benefits of a prebiotic supplement on children's well-being in a home setting. The primary aim was to determine if this supplement could effectively reduce anxiety, improve mood, and enhance cognitive function, similar to findings in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-three healthy children, aged 6 to 14, participated in an 8-week trial. The trial consisted of three testing time points; day zero marked the baseline measurement (T1) followed by a 28-day supplement intervention period during which they consumed 5.5 g of the prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) daily under parental guidance. Endline measures (T2) were conducted on the last day of supplement consumption, with a final follow-up testing session (T3) on day 56. Primary outcomes were trait anxiety using a questionnaire and emotional behavior in a dot-probe task on responses to positive and negative images. Secondary outcomes encompassed depression levels, cognitive function tests, and dietary intake recorded in a 4-day food diary. Additionally, we explored whether parents' emotional behavior had an impact on children's responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While our statistical analysis did not reveal significant effects of GOS, there were noteworthy trends. Trait anxiety levels decreased over time in both groups, with a more pronounced decrease in the GOS group (after intervention, p =.090; after follow-up, p =.031). The GOS group exhibited reduced negative emotional responses compared to the placebo group (p =.105), and post-trial depression levels decreased in the GOS group over time (p =.015). Although parental emotional responses correlated with various emotional outcomes in children, they did not influence the intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest positive trends in line with our hypotheses, however further investigation with greater statistical power would be beneficial.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Retrospectively registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ [NCT06258135] on February 6, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2016.","authors":"Wanying Hou, Weiqi Wang, Changhao Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01094-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01094-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This study adopted the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016), which involved a total of 27,911 participants. The differences in the ratios of energy and macronutrients with it is subgroups at dinner versus breakfast (ΔRatio) were categorized into quartiles. The differences in the consumption of 17 types of food at dinner versus breakfast (ΔFoods) were considered as continuous variables. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to define general obesity (30.0 ≤ BMI < 40.0), morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0), and abdominal obesity (WC > 102 cm for men or WC > 88 cm for women). Multiple logistic and linear regression models were developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a variety of covariates were adjusted, participants in the highest quartile (higher energy/macronutrient intake at dinner than breakfast) of the ΔRatio in terms of energy were positively associated with morbid obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR_{ΔRatio of energy} 1.27; 95% CI 1.01;1.61) from fat (OR_{ΔRatio of fat} 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.60); saturated fatty acids(OR_{ΔRatio of SFA} 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.59) and unsaturated fatty acids (OR_{ΔRatio of USFA} 1.28, 95% CI 1.02;1.5). The highest quartile of the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (OR_{ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates} 1.16; 95%CI 1.03-1.31). Moreover, the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was significantly positively associated with BMI (coefficient: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.217-0.907). ΔFoods, including whole fruits, other starchy vegetables, added sugars, poultry, dairy, and nuts, were positively associated with obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, with this nationally representative sample of U.S adults, this study demonstrated that excessive intake of energy at dinner than breakfast during a day was associated with a greater risk of obesity, mainly from low-quality carbohydrates, fat, SFAs, and USFA. This study emphasized the importance of diet quality and evening eating in the prevention of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable HEalthy Diet practices: a cross-sectional analysis of an adult Greek sample.","authors":"Ioanna Alexandropoulou, Arriana Gkouvi, Katerina Maria Kontouli, Symela Papadopoulou-Maniki, Alexandra Giannioti, Dimitrios P Bogdanos, Tonia Vassilakou, Varvara A Mouchtouri, Dimitrios G Goulis, Maria G Grammatikopoulou","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01096-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01096-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sustainable nutrition is based on foods with a low environmental impact, accessible and affordable, ensuring protection of the biodiversity, while including the cultural elements of each geographical region. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate adherence to a sustainable diet and the perceived environmental benefit of adopting a sustainable diet among adults in Greece.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Sustainable HEalthy Diet (SHED) questionnaire evaluated sustainable nutrition practices and awareness in a sample of 607 adult Greeks recruited through social media.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive association was revealed between healthy eating, a plant-based diet and organic awareness. Healthy eating was related to the consumption of low-salt and low-sugar products, avoiding added salt and ultra-processed foods (UPFs), as well as limiting sweets and soft drinks. Most participants (94.6%) were flexitarians, consuming meat instead of plant-based foods, although showing a preference for legumes over meat products. Most (86.8%) failed to meet the 5-a-day recommendations for fruit and vegetables, which were bought mainly from supermarket chains, with men resolving to electronic commerce purchases, while women preferring small, local grocery shops. Most responders consumed tap water (54.9%) and homemade meals daily (75.0%). Many participants (32.8%) reported separating and recycling food scraps at home, using neighborhood composters. When organic produce was selected, this involved mainly fruits and vegetables. Between men and women, the latter adopted a plant-based diet to a greater extent, consumed fewer soft drinks, were keener to consume local produce, limit meat intake and eat crops that are pesticide- and herbicide-free. Overall, Greek consumers show preference to local products. Most of them fail to compost and cut down on meat intake. The tool's internal consistency measured by Cronbach alpha was 0.702 and 0.736 for the healthy eating and sustainable eating domains respectively, 0.798 for the environmental domain, while the other domains had lower scores due to contradictory questions. Our Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated a good fit (CFI = 0.896, TLI = 0.87) with strong positive relationships between healthy eating, a plant-based diet and organic awareness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that adult Greeks more easily implement some aspects of sustainable nutrition (organic, local foods), while others appear more difficult (compost, reduce meat intake). Nonetheless, the results can be useful in designing interventions to increase dietary sustainability awareness among Greeks, including educational programs and improved infrastructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}