J. Borrel, L. Hutin, O. Rozeau, P. Batude, T. Poiroux, F. Nemouchi, M. Vinet
{"title":"Considerations for efficient contact resistivity reduction via Fermi Level depinning - impact of MIS contacts on 10nm node nMOSFET DC characteristics","authors":"J. Borrel, L. Hutin, O. Rozeau, P. Batude, T. Poiroux, F. Nemouchi, M. Vinet","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223710","url":null,"abstract":"In the overwhelming majority of cases, current-voltage characteristics of metal-based contacts on semiconductors are non-linear around 0V even for degenerate interfacial doping levels. Any contact resistivity specification is therefore meaningless without the knowledge of the effective bias across the contact. For the first time, the efficiency of a dielectric insertion for contact resistance reduction was properly evaluated by solving the self-consistent case of voltage sharing for an aggressively scaled transistor flanked by two trench Metal/ Insulator/Semiconductor (MIS) contacts. We found that leveraging the Fermi Level depinning via optimized MIS contacts could lead to a +92% drive current (VGS=Vdd=0.7V) increase versus a Titanium liner-based silicidation-free approach.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"540 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127648565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seong Jun Yoon, A. Yoon, W. Hwang, Sung‐Yool Choi, B. Cho
{"title":"Improved electromigration-resistance of Cu interconnects by graphene-based capping layer","authors":"Seong Jun Yoon, A. Yoon, W. Hwang, Sung‐Yool Choi, B. Cho","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223714","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can suppress electromigration (EM) of Cu interconnect lines. This improvement in the EM lifetime is attributed to the presence of functional groups between the rGO and Cu atoms. Further enhancement of the EM lifetime was achieved by increasing the functionality of graphene by mixing graphene oxide (GO) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). It is revealed that the dominant EM path of Cu is successfully changed from the surface to grain boundaries by the use of an ultrathin (2.5 nm) PVP/GO capping layer.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121394697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ota, T. Irisawa, K. Sakuma, C. Tanaka, K. Ikeda, T. Tezuka, D. Matsushita, M. Saitoh
{"title":"Silicon-compatible low resistance S/D technologies for high-performance top-gate self-aligned InGaZnO TFTs with UTBB (ultra-thin body and BOX) structures","authors":"K. Ota, T. Irisawa, K. Sakuma, C. Tanaka, K. Ikeda, T. Tezuka, D. Matsushita, M. Saitoh","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223679","url":null,"abstract":"We have fabricated high-performance self-aligned top-gate InGaZnO TFTs with novel silicon-like source and drain (S/D) parasitic resistance (RSD) reduction processes. Ar ion implantation (Ar I/I) formed S/D extension layers and reduced RSD by inducing high-density carriers. First demonstration of self-aligned S/D metallization processes on InGaZnO surface (In-Ti alloy formation), just like silicidation, realized further RSD reduction. In addition, threshold voltage (Vth) controllability by back-gate bias was enhanced by adopting thin InGaZnO body and BOX. Successful applications of these booster technologies developed for Si LSIs enable us to fabricate high-performance top-gate scaled InGaZnO TFT in 3D LSI.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Giles, N. Arkali Radhakrishna, D. Becher, A. Kornfeld, K. Maurice, S. Mudanai, S. Natarajan, P. Newman, P. Packan, T. Rakshit
{"title":"High sigma measurement of random threshold voltage variation in 14nm Logic FinFET technology","authors":"M. Giles, N. Arkali Radhakrishna, D. Becher, A. Kornfeld, K. Maurice, S. Mudanai, S. Natarajan, P. Newman, P. Packan, T. Rakshit","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223657","url":null,"abstract":"Random variation of threshold voltage (Vt) in MOSFETs plays a central role in determining the minimum operating voltage of products in a given process technology. Properly characterizing Vt variation requires a large volume of measurements of minimum size devices to understand the high sigma behavior. At the same time, a rapid measurement approach is required to keep the total measurement time practical. Here we describe a new test structure and measurement approach that enables practical characterization of Vt distributions to high sigma and its application to 14nm Logic FinFET technology. We show that both NMOS and PMOS single fin devices have very low random Vt variation of 19mV and 24mV respectively, normally distributed out to +/-5σ.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126950533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel oxygen showering process (OSP) for extreme damage suppression of sub-20nm high density p-MTJ array without IBE treatment","authors":"J. Jeong, T. Endoh","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223660","url":null,"abstract":"A novel damage recovery scheme using the oxygen showering post-treatment (OSP) is proposed to recover patterning damages and to improve electric and magnetic properties of p-MTJs, and its array yield. By applying our OSP to 25nm p-MTJs cell array, the MR was increased from 99% to 116% and the Isw was decreased from 41.1uA to 28.7uA. Moreover, electric short fails of MTJs array due to metallic by-products reduced dramatically by the selective oxidation of the damaged layer and its isolation from damage-less area. The OSP process makes the switching efficiency of 25nm patterned MTJs to be improved more than 30% compared with IBE treatment process. The mechanism of this enhancement is that spin directions of damaged area is changed from perpendicular to in-plane and, by this change, the energy barrier of damaged area is reduced. By the OSP treatment, we could develop the robust patterning process for sub-20nm STT-MRAM.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nishi, M. Yokoyama, H. Yokoyama, T. Hoshi, H. Sugiyama, M. Takenaka, S. Takagi
{"title":"High hole mobility front-gate InAs/InGaSb-OI single structure CMOS on Si","authors":"K. Nishi, M. Yokoyama, H. Yokoyama, T. Hoshi, H. Sugiyama, M. Takenaka, S. Takagi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223667","url":null,"abstract":"We have demonstrated the front-gate (FG) III-V single structure CMOS using ultra-thin body (UTB) InAs/InGaSb on insulator (-OI) on Si substrates with high hole mobility (μ<sub>eff</sub>) of 240 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. We have found that the μ<sub>eff</sub> is enhanced by the buffered-HF (BHF)-cleaned InAs MOS interfaces, Ni alloy S/D, and the InAs/strained InGaSb-OI hetero-interface channel. The CMOS operation using FG InAs/InGaSb-OI n/p-MOSFETs has been realized.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124950189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pandey, H. Madan, H. Liu, V. Chobpattana, M. Barth, B. Rajamohanan, M. Hollander, T. Clark, K. Wang, J-H Kim, D. Gundlach, K. Cheung, J. Suehle, R. Engel-Herbert, S. Stemmer, S. Datta
{"title":"Demonstration of p-type In0.7Ga0.3As/GaAs0.35Sb0.65 and n-type GaAs0.4Sb0.6/In0.65Ga0.35As complimentary Heterojunction Vertical Tunnel FETs for ultra-low power logic","authors":"R. Pandey, H. Madan, H. Liu, V. Chobpattana, M. Barth, B. Rajamohanan, M. Hollander, T. Clark, K. Wang, J-H Kim, D. Gundlach, K. Cheung, J. Suehle, R. Engel-Herbert, S. Stemmer, S. Datta","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223676","url":null,"abstract":"Extremely scaled high-k gate dielectrics with high quality electrical interfaces with arsenide (As) and antimonide (Sb) channels are used to demonstrate complimentary `all III-V' Heterojunction Vertical Tunnel FET (HVTFET) with record performance at |V<sub>DS</sub>|=0.5V. The p-type TFET (PTFET) has I<sub>ON</sub> =30μA/μm and I<sub>ON</sub>/I<sub>OFF</sub> =10<sup>5</sup>, whereas the n-type TFET (NTFET) has I<sub>ON</sub> =275μA/μm and I<sub>ON</sub>/I<sub>OFF</sub>=3×10<sup>5</sup>, respectively. NTFET shows 55mV/decade switching slope (SS) while PTFET shows 115mV/decade SS in pulsed mode measurement. Vertical TFET offers 77% higher effective drive strength than Si-FinFET for given inverter standard cell area. Energy-delay performance of TFET shows gain over CMOS for low V<sub>DD</sub> logic applications.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130732172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sousa, G. Navarro, N. Castellani, M. Coue, O. Cueto, C. Sabbione, P. Noé, L. Perniola, S. Blonkowski, P. Zuliani, R. Annunziata
{"title":"Operation fundamentals in 12Mb Phase Change Memory based on innovative Ge-rich GST materials featuring high reliability performance","authors":"V. Sousa, G. Navarro, N. Castellani, M. Coue, O. Cueto, C. Sabbione, P. Noé, L. Perniola, S. Blonkowski, P. Zuliani, R. Annunziata","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223708","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, we present a Phase Change Memory (PCM) device with an optimized Ge-rich GeSbTe (GST) alloy integrated on a 12Mb test vehicle. We confirm that PCM can guarantee high data retention in extended temperature range and we provide the understanding of the high thermal stability of the two programmed states. We show how the elemental distribution reaches an equilibrium at the core of the storage element after the electrical activation of the cell, which relates to the strong opposition against crystallization of the RESET state. We also highlight the low number of grain boundaries along the conductive path of the optimized SET state, thus explaining the low drift of the resistance. Simulation results account for the experimental observations, showing how the segregation phenomena and the localization of the electronic switching impact the elemental distribution and the formation of the crystalline structure during programming.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132387269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Choi, Yang Lv, Hoonki Kim, Jianping Wang, C. Kim
{"title":"An 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter based on the voltage-dependent switching probability of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction","authors":"W. Choi, Yang Lv, Hoonki Kim, Jianping Wang, C. Kim","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223662","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we have experimentally demonstrated for the first time, an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) based on the unique voltage-dependent switching probability of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ). The switching probability was calculated by applying repetitive voltage pulses and measuring the resolved MTJ states in each sampling time window. Temperature sensitivity and MgO breakdown issues were minimized by optimizing the voltage pulse width. Circuit level techniques were utilized to improve the ADC linearity and increase the input voltage range. The proposed ADC achieves an 8-bit resolution with excellent linearity at 30 and 85°C.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130278396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-limited RRAM with ON/OFF resistance ratio amplification","authors":"S. Jo, T. Kumar, C. Zitlaw, H. Nazarian","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2015.7223715","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate sub-5nm filament based electrochemical metallization RRAM with self-limited program in a reliable and controllable manner. This RRAM removes the necessity for any external current compliance in a 1TnR (1S1R) architecture. Furthermore, we report a novel technique to amplify RRAM's intrinsic ON/OFF resistance ratio by a factor of >104, which offers significant cell-, circuit- and system-level benefits such as reduced power, reduced BER and increased read bandwidth in high density RRAM.","PeriodicalId":181654,"journal":{"name":"2015 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI Technology)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}