{"title":"The emergence of stacked 3D silicon and its impact on microelectronics systems integration","authors":"J. Carson","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552405","url":null,"abstract":"Stacked 3D silicon has been under development for a number of years at a substantial level of investment on the part of Government as well as public and private investors. Volume manufacturing of this technology is now in place and foundry services are provided to designers of Stacked 3D silicon components and products. Stacked 3D silicon has already had a major impact on microelectronics systems and products into which it has been integrated. Examples given include solid state data recorders, digital signal processors, massively parallel processors, artificial neural networks, imaging processing, and imaging sensors. Manufacturing and cost issues are identified and discussed along with present status and projections showing that, as volumes rise, no significant premium will be required to incorporate Stacked 3D Silicon into standard products. The performance advantages of Stacked 3D silicon are very large: the ultra-high scale density results in factors of hundreds to thousands in both speed and power when ICs are designed for 3D. The paper concludes with a picture of the coming next generation 3D stacked silicon: 10-1000 layers of ultra-thin, low power circuits with 1000s of inter-layer interconnect comprising entire systems in a single cube.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121942993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A current-mode sense amplifier for low voltage non-volatile memories","authors":"C. Calligaro, P. Rolandi, N. Telecco, G. Torelli","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552421","url":null,"abstract":"The market demand for high speed and low voltage non-volatile memories asks for much more efficient sense amplifiers. Actually a good sense amplifier works with 5 V power supply and is able to detect the cell content in less than 20 ns but in the future these constraints will become 3 V for power supply and less than 10 ns for sensing time. In this paper a 3 V power supply with 9 ns sensing time current mode sense amplifier is presented. It has been designed for a very small EPROM array and integrated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m technology (0.6 /spl mu/m in the matrix). Experimental result shows the overall sensing time to be lower than 10 ns even with 2.7 V power supply.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123296516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasible regions quantify the probabilistic configuration power of arrays with multiple fault types","authors":"L. LaForge","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552437","url":null,"abstract":"The bulk of results for the performance of configuration architectures treat the case of failed processor, but neglect switches that are stuck open or closed. By contrast, the present work characterizes this multivariate problem in the presence of either independent and identically distributed (iid) or clustered faults. Suppose that the designer wishes to assure, with high probability, a fault-free s/spl times/t array. If local sparing is used then, as we report, the resulting area is (i) /spl Theta/(st log st) in the presence of faulty elements or faulty elements and switches stuck open; (ii) /spl Theta/(st log/sup 2/ st) in the presence of faulty elements and switches stuck closed; (iii) /spl Theta/([st]/sup 2/ log st) in the presence of faulty elements and switches that may be either stuck open or stuck closed. We also furnish bounds on maximum wirelength and an optimal configuration algorithm.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116582875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Otterstedt, M. Kuboschek, J. Castagne, J. Mucha
{"title":"A 16.6 cm/sup 2/ large area integrated circuit consisting of 9 video signal processors","authors":"J. Otterstedt, M. Kuboschek, J. Castagne, J. Mucha","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552418","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce a large area integrated circuit (LAIC) called MAXPE9 which integrates 9 programmable video signal processing elements (PEs) on an area of 16.6 cm/sup 2/. Each PE has a peak arithmetic performance of 1 giga operations per second (GOPS). Due to yield considerations redundancy concepts have been implemented that even in the presence of production defects result in working chips utilizing a lower number of PEs. Each PE has built in self-test (BIST) capabilities which allow for an independent test of itself under the control of its integrated fault-tolerant BIST controller. Defective PEs are switched off. Only the PEs passing the BIST are used for video processing tasks. Furthermore, the global input and output buses can be reconfigured using arrays of laser fuses and laser links, thus circumventing defects which are otherwise lethal for the complete chip. Prototypes have been fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process structured by masks using wafer stepping with overlapping exposures. Employing the redundancy, on these prototypes up to 6 PEs per chip were functional at 66 MHz, thus providing a peak arithmetic performance of up to 6 GOPS per chip for video coding tasks (like H.261, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2).","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134488643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CostAS-KGD process cost modeling","authors":"D. Ammann, A. Thiel, C. Habiger, G. Troster","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552438","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-Chip Module (MCM) technologies offer a wide variety of design options for the integration of electronics. However, a number of optimization problems have been reported in literature for the production of such highly complex circuits. One of the most well known problems is the dependence of module yield on the availability of so called Known-Good-Dies (KGDs). Hence, uncertainties about the quality level of the unpackaged (bare) dies available to the MCM manufacturer pose a number of questions concerning test, rework and die handling strategies. The cost and goodness methodologies introduced in this paper facilitate a thorough analysis and optimization of different possible MCM production flows. Moreover, the results generated demonstrate the power of the approach introduced.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131001754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survey of low power techniques for VLSI design","authors":"E. de Angel, E. Swartzlander","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552423","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a survey of low power techniques for digital circuits. The techniques presented in this paper have been implemented in modified-Booth multipliers. The multipliers have been designed in 0.6 /spl mu/m technology and simulated in PowerMill.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"9 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser reconfiguration for yield enhancement of a 16.6 cm/sup 2/ monolithic multiprocessor system","authors":"H. Schroder, T. Hillmann-Ruge, J. Otterstedt","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552417","url":null,"abstract":"A 16.6 cm/sup 2/ monolithic large area integrated multiprocessor system comprising 9 identical programmable video signal processing elements was reconfigured by excimer laser formed connections and discontinuities of conductor lines in a redundant bus system. The yield enhancement of functional processors amounts to 13.3%. On two prototypes, the laser reconfiguration of the bus system led to 4 functional processors per chip at 66 MHz, providing a peak arithmetic performance of 4 GOPS per multiprocessor system. The power supply to defective processors with a high stand-by power consumption was terminated by laser, leading to a halving of power consumption. Furthermore, for the improvement of the laser process, vertical links between two metallization levels were formed on two chips with different standard CMOS layer sequences on special test structures. For the yield statistics of the formed vertical links, a contact resistance R/sub K/>3 /spl Omega/ was treated as a failure. With the laser processing of vertical links with an area of 14/spl times/14 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, a yield of 100% has been achieved. Beyond those, conventional accelerated life time tests were performed to examine the reliability of laser formed vertical links. An extrapolation of Black's equation to operating conditions (100/spl deg/C, 2.5 mA) resulted in a failure rate of 0.1% in 39 years.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124861779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Maier, H. Greub, B. Philhower, S. Steidl, A. Garg, M. Ernest, S. Carlough, P. Campbell, J. McDonald
{"title":"Embedded at-speed testing schemes with low overhead for high speed digital circuits on multi-chip modules","authors":"C. Maier, H. Greub, B. Philhower, S. Steidl, A. Garg, M. Ernest, S. Carlough, P. Campbell, J. McDonald","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552428","url":null,"abstract":"The difficulty of cost-effectively identifying Known Good Die (KGD) is increased in circuits requiring multiple die packaged in Multi-Chip Modules (MCMs). Such circuits typically have high frequency I/O signals which are difficult to measure using inexpensive test equipment. The cost of full Built-In Self-Test (BIST) can be prohibitive, particularly when device integration levels are low. This paper presents a scheme for testing die for functionality and speed at minimal cost. The scheme also allows testing of MCM traces and testing of on-chip circuits both before and after packaging. The scheme was developed for use in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's F-RISC/G 1 ns processor project.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast yield prediction for accurate costing of ICs","authors":"G. A. Allan, A. J. Walton","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552435","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports an efficient method to determine the cost of manufacturing an IC based on estimates of its manufacturability. A large number of small samples of the device layout are used to estimate the critical area and hence the manufacturability of the device as a whole. The accuracy of these estimates is comparable to those obtained from a full extraction but uses only a fraction of the resources. The critical area is extracted using efficient O(n log n) polygon based algorithms that are not restricted to Manhattan style layouts and are therefore capable of processing commercial device layouts. The tool has been used successfully on a number of large industrial designs.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117208721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testability analysis of pipelined data paths","authors":"G. Buonanno, Fabrizio Ferrandi, D. Sciuto","doi":"10.1109/ICISS.1996.552433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISS.1996.552433","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of testability analysis for data-processing oriented architectures is considered. In particular, this paper concentrates on the analysis of pipelined architectures containing registers which act as data storage. A testability analyzer is proposed which accepts an RTL description of a complex device and automatically identifies the possible critical areas, i.e. those areas which seem the more difficult to test. The proposed testability analysis allows significant reduction of the area overhead and the test cost required for such kind of devices.","PeriodicalId":131620,"journal":{"name":"1996 Proceedings. Eighth Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128197089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}