FrictionPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441156
Zhengquan Jiang, Caixia Wang, Laigui Yu, Shengmao Zhang, I. N. Kavaliova, Maksim V. Prozhega, Weihua Li
{"title":"Tungsten disulfide nanomaterials as lubricant additives – An update","authors":"Zhengquan Jiang, Caixia Wang, Laigui Yu, Shengmao Zhang, I. N. Kavaliova, Maksim V. Prozhega, Weihua Li","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>) nanomaterials have emerged as highly effective lubricant additives, leveraging their capacity to mitigate friction and wear, enhance operational performance, and prolong the durability of sliding components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the preparation methods of WS<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials and their applications in tribology. It evaluates how preparation techniques, surface modifications, and composite architectures govern their friction-reducing properties, elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of their superior tribological performance. WS<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials are reported to exhibit superior tribological properties, positioning them as a prominent research frontier in materials science and tribological engineering. Their industrial implementation holds substantial potential for generating both economic benefits and societal value through enhanced energy efficiency and extended component lifespan. Despite the promising potential of WS<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials in next-generation lubrication technologies, significant challenges hinder their widespread practical application. These include understanding how defect dynamics impact lubrication performance, addressing the inherent limitations of non-polar oil matrices, the lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding real-time service behavior under operational conditions, and their restricted applicability in extreme environments. Overcoming these critical barriers is crucial to fully realize the sustainable potential of WS<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials in advanced lubrication solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441158
Yuhao Zhang, Peijuan Cui, Linxue An, Wei Pu
{"title":"Dynamic friction torque modelling and experimental study of ball screw actuators under high frequency reciprocating motion","authors":"Yuhao Zhang, Peijuan Cui, Linxue An, Wei Pu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dynamic load and transient lubrication effects seriously influence the friction torque of ball screw actuators under high frequency reciprocating conditions. However, the available studies rarely consider the transient effects of rough surfaces under dynamic loads. In this paper, a dynamic friction torque model for ball screw actuators is proposed, integrating low-order finite elements with transient mixed lubrication. Dynamic contact loads are solved based on the tribo-dynamic model accounting for mechanism vibration. The lubrication, friction, and stiffness under time-varying velocities and dynamic loads are systematically analyzed. The accuracy of the model is verified by experimentally measured dynamic friction torque under high frequency reciprocation. Within the unified model, the dynamic friction behavior of ball screw actuators subjected to combined high-frequency reciprocation and complex loads are analyzed. The findings demonstrate that locating bearings exhibit superior lubrication performance compared to ball screws, primarily due to their lower sliding and spinning speeds, which result in significantly reduced friction torque. Amplitude escalation expands both the high load area and sliding/spinning speeds, thereby causing a friction torque increment. The study provides theoretical support for the dynamic performance optimization of ball screw actuators.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441155
Siraj Azam, Sang-Shin Park
{"title":"Surfactant-free CuO nanoball-based nanolubricants: Experimental insights into dispersion stability, thermo-rheological properties and tribological behavior","authors":"Siraj Azam, Sang-Shin Park","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis, dispersion behavior, and performance evaluation of surfactant-free copper oxide (CuO) nanoballs (NBs) dispersed in polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil. CuO NBs were synthesized via a modified precipitation technique and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming their monoclinic crystal structure and spherical morphology with particle sizes ranging from 25 to 132 nm. The dispersion quality and long-term stability of nanolubricants were assessed using UV–Vis spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis, which indicated that 0.01 wt% CuO achieved the highest stability (zeta potential: 154.3 mV) and minimal sedimentation up to 10 days. Rheological measurements showed Newtonian behavior across all concentrations, with the highest relative viscosity observed at 0.05 wt% and 100 °C. The viscosity index improved at lower concentrations, supporting the lubricant’s thermal adaptability under dynamic shear conditions. Thermal conductivity increased with CuO addition, peaking at 0.01 wt%, primarily due to enhanced Brownian motion and reduced nanoparticle agglomeration. Tribological performance, evaluated using a reciprocating tribometer under a 10 N load and 840 m stroke length, revealed that 0.01 wt% CuO achieved a 37% reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) (0.055) and the lowest specific wear rate among all tested samples. Surface analysis via 3D profilometry and SEM/EDS revealed smoother contact surfaces and no evidence of CuO deposition, suggesting a rolling friction mechanism as the dominant lubrication mode. These findings confirm that surfactant-free CuO NBs significantly enhance the tribological, rheological, and thermal properties of PAO oil, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for high-performance industrial lubrication systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical-thermal synergy in three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-boron nitride dual networks enhanced tribological property of epoxy composites","authors":"Chunying Min, Zhaolong Sun, Amna Siddique, Hongyu Liang, Zhiwei Xu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The insufficient dispersion and random orientation of nanofillers in composite materials fundamentally constrain the enhancement of their tribological properties. To address these inherent limitations, a strategy was developed to assemble graphene oxide (GO) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) into three-dimensional interconnected architectures (3DGB) via directional freeze-casting, achieving controlled alignment of these components. The sheet-sheet integration of h-BN and graphene nanosheets facilitates structural stabilization of 3DGB network through interfacial stress redistribution mechanisms, concurrently improving fracture resistance characteristics. The fabricated 3DGB serves as an optimized framework substrate for epoxy resin (EP) composites in resin transfer molding method, yielding substantial improvements in tribological property while achieving synergistic enhancements in both load-bearing capacity and interfacial adhesion. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the 3DGB/EP composites exhibit a concurrent enhancement in properties of combination relative to pristine epoxy. Specifically, their 37.5% increase in tensile strength and 33% thermal conductivity enhancement compared to pristine epoxy. Notably, 3DGB significantly boosts the tribological performance of epoxy, evidenced by 72.1% reduction in kinetic friction coefficients and 90.12% decrease of specific wear rates. This strategy establishes a novel paradigm for hierarchical design of high-performance composites and offers new insights into the integration of multi-component 2D fillers and tribology-based multifunctional composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of asphalt pavement Long-Term Skid Resistance performance based on Multi-Scale Texture evolution characterization","authors":"Yulin He, Zihang Weng, Zhen Leng, Dawei Wang, Jianping Wu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Road transport safety and comfort have gradually become the focus of social attention, with the rapid development of super-highways and intelligent driving technology. To identify the research situation and hotspots of asphalt pavement skid resistance performance, the study reviews the tire-road contact mechanism, texture deterioration behavior and skid resistance mapping relationship, multi-factor coupled skid resistance early warning model, skid resistance durable pavement design and other related research. The analysis shows that there are still some problems in the current research, such as insufficient mapping relationship between mixture and texture, non-uniform testing methods and an idealized prediction model, et al. Persson hysteretic friction model provides the most comprehensive calculation for skid resistance mechanics at present, and the PIARC model has the strongest correlation and normalization with various test methods. The skid resistance early warning model based on texture temporal and spatial deterioration analysis is a hot research topic at present, which will provide theoretical guidance for the design of functional durable pavement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441162
Yanbin Shi, Yangyang Ma, Jibin Pu
{"title":"Insights into the microstructure transformation and ultra-low tribological behavior of WS2 coating","authors":"Yanbin Shi, Yangyang Ma, Jibin Pu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>)-based coatings have excellent thermal stability and self-lubricating properties, and are considered to be better lubricating material at elevated temperatures. This paper reports that WS<sub>2</sub> coating can achieve ultra-low friction behavior after sliding for a period of time when the ambient temperature rises to 400 °C, that is, the friction coefficient drops sharply from 0.08 to about 0.025 (a decrease of 68.7%), which is a very interesting phenomenon. There is no doubt that WS<sub>2</sub> coating will undergo more significant oxidation at the medium temperature. It is generally believed that oxidation is detrimental to the tribological properties of disulfide coatings because oxides formed at intermediate temperatures act as abrasive phases to increase friction and wear, which cannot explain the special ultra-low friction behavior of WS<sub>2</sub> coatings at 400 °C. Therefore, the microscopic structural evolution of transfer film during the friction process was investigated by Raman and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the formation of WO<sub>3</sub> nanocrystalline (~ 15 nm) promotes the structural ordering of WS<sub>2</sub> around WO<sub>3</sub> nanocrystalline. Then, incommensurate contact interfaces are spontaneously formed between WS<sub>2</sub> crystals with (002) plane preference and adjacent WO3 nanoparticles, thus achieving ultra-low friction state. This ultra-low friction mechanism of WS<sub>2</sub> coating provides guidance for the design of superlubricating coating for the elevated-temperature atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441160
Liqun Wu, Ion Palamarciuc, Rizwan Bajwa, Yi Zhang, R. S. Dwyer-Joyce
{"title":"In-situ ultrasonic shear wave sensing of thin metallic coatings on journal bearing shells","authors":"Liqun Wu, Ion Palamarciuc, Rizwan Bajwa, Yi Zhang, R. S. Dwyer-Joyce","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasonic testing using shear polarised waves is widely applied in medical and engineering fields, commonly employed for hardness or stress measurement. The advantage of ultrasonic shear waves for wear measurement lies in their lower wave propagation speed and their sensitivity in measuring the wear scars formed through the shear motion. An in-situ wear measurement method of thin metallic coatings using ultrasonic shear waves is proposed in this paper. A finite element analysis was used to investigate the interaction between an ultrasonic shear wave and various geometry wear scars. Compared with longitudinal waves, the result shows that 10 MHz shear waves and 22 MHz longitudinal waves has a similar performance in the measurement of undamaged metallic coatings. But for discontinuously distributed scars, 10 MHz shear wave shows an amplitude decrease, where the energy has been reflected to both sides. Then, the in-situ tests were conducted, and the shear wave measurements of wear compared with microscope results. For 350 μm aluminium-alloy coated samples, the maximum deviation between shear wave results and microscope results was 5.13 μm, with a relative error of 1.5%. For 250 μm bronze-lead coatings, the maximum deviation was 5.54 μm, with a relative error of 2.51%. The practicality of using shear waves to determine continuous wear progression of a bearing is briefly discussed and their potential to monitor the health of bearing coatings in service.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441058
Tianyan Gao, Guorui Wang, Tao Wang, Zijian Chen, Houbo Li, Kun Liu, Zhong Zhang
{"title":"Impact of elastic instabilities on friction induced by capillary adhesion","authors":"Tianyan Gao, Guorui Wang, Tao Wang, Zijian Chen, Houbo Li, Kun Liu, Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441058","url":null,"abstract":" <p>Transient high friction force usually appears when a hard sphere slides on a soft substrate during the water evaporation. Such a special wetting condition featuring the friction enhancement, even exceeding the friction of dry conditions, is termed as tacky regime. Herein, the impact of Schallamach waves on the friction enhancement induced by capillary adhesion is investigated by integrating microtribometer measurements, interference microscopy visualization, and finite element analysis. The friction peak decreases or even disappears with decreasing elastic modulus of the soft substrate, which is attributed to the nucleation and propagation of Schallamach waves. The increase in friction during the tacky transition depends on the competition between capillary adhesion and stress relief of Schallamach wave.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441154
Wei Cao, Ao Liu, Wenze Zhang, Yeyang Xia, Parfaitedoviekodia Moussounda, Ke Xiao, Zhanyu Cen, Xiawei Meng, Wei Pu
{"title":"Numerical method for thermoelastic contact of coated materials with thermal imperfections based on a modified conjugate gradient method","authors":"Wei Cao, Ao Liu, Wenze Zhang, Yeyang Xia, Parfaitedoviekodia Moussounda, Ke Xiao, Zhanyu Cen, Xiawei Meng, Wei Pu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal imperfections may arise at the coating-substrate interface during manufacturing processes such as fusion welding or additive layer deposition. The evaluation of thermoelastic contact behavior in coating-substrate systems is essential for reliability assessment. Combining the Discrete Convolution-Fast Fourier Transform (DC-FFT) algorithm, a modified Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) is developed to establish a thermoelastic contact model for an elastic sphere sliding on coated materials with low-conductivity (LC) and high-conductivity (HC) imperfection interfaces. The modified CGM demonstrates good convergence and computational efficiency in handling the heat partition under various magnitudes of thermal imperfections in contrast with conventional CGM. The contact model is also validated through comprehensive analysis of thermoelastic responses and heat partition behavior. Numerical results based on the present contact model reveal that thermal imperfections significantly influence the profile of temperature, pressure and stress components distribution. Specifically, LC imperfection causes the obvious jumping behaviors of temperature and in-plane stress at the coating-substrate interface, and HC imperfection leads to significant decay rate of temperature and in-plane stresses within coating layer. Furthermore, the existence of imperfections will affect the sensitivity of temperature rise to system parameters compared with thermally perfect condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441076
Ernests Jansons, Janis Lungevics, Igor Velkavrh, Thomas Wright
{"title":"Ice friction: A brief review of the influencing factors and experimental methods","authors":"Ernests Jansons, Janis Lungevics, Igor Velkavrh, Thomas Wright","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441076","url":null,"abstract":" <p>Ice friction is influenced by multiple interconnected parameters between the sliding body and ice, making it a challenging research area in tribology. The motivation for this review lies in the need to understand the parameters affecting ice friction and its relevance to the fields of sport, safety, and various industrial applications. The existing literature on ice friction only partially describes the test methods used. Thus, the comparability of the results and the drawing of conclusions are more challenging. This review addresses this issue by analyzing factors affecting ice friction, including properties of the ice, liquid-like layer, sliding body, and experimental methods. Small-scale rotary, linear, and large-scale laboratory and on-field setups are reviewed, and advantages and limitations are highlighted. The main results indicate that laboratory setups tend to provide more precise control over measurements but may not replicate real-world conditions. On the other hand, large-scale and on-field setups are closer to the actual conditions, but the control over experiments, reproducibility, and implementation is more challenging. The review concludes that future research should focus on comparing different test methods with the possibility of developing standardized protocols and improving large-scale experimental setups. The study aims to enhance the reliability of ice friction research and its practical applications, which should lead to improved safety and performance in the fields where ice friction plays a crucial role.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"705 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}