Friction最新文献

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Research progress of the interaction between blood vessels and intervention catheters and its surface modification 血管与介入导管相互作用及其表面修饰的研究进展
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441003
Huilu Yuan, Chengxiong Lin, Chengyong Wang
{"title":"Research progress of the interaction between blood vessels and intervention catheters and its surface modification","authors":"Huilu Yuan, Chengxiong Lin, Chengyong Wang","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441003","url":null,"abstract":" <p>As the aging population increases, the global incidence of cardiovascular diseases is rapidly growing, and vascular intervention has become a mainstream treatment method for vascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of the <i>in vivo</i> environment, mechanical interactions such as compression, adhesion, and friction occur between the catheter and vascular tissue during the intervention process, which can cause varying degrees of tissue damage. This review examined the interaction mechanism between vascular tissue and interventional catheters in response to mechanical damage in interventional surgery. It also provided an overview of the work on surface modification of interventional catheters using hydrophilic lubricated and anti-adhesion coatings. The current paper aims to reduce postoperative complications for patients with cardiovascular disease and improve the safety and accuracy of cardiovascular surgery.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physics-informed neural network for hydrodynamic lubrication with film thickness discontinuity 膜厚不连续流体动力润滑的物理信息神经网络
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441035
Bochao Guan, Qiang He, Yang Hu, Zhiyuan Zheng, Weifeng Huang
{"title":"Physics-informed neural network for hydrodynamic lubrication with film thickness discontinuity","authors":"Bochao Guan, Qiang He, Yang Hu, Zhiyuan Zheng, Weifeng Huang","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441035","url":null,"abstract":" <p>Recent advancements in physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promise in solving partial differential equations (PDEs), including those in hydrodynamic lubrication. However, PINNs struggle with film thickness discontinuities because of their requirement for continuous differentiability. This paper introduces two novel PINNs models to address this challenge. Model I employs a hyperbolic tangent function to approximate discontinuous film thickness, ensuring differentiability and continuity. The traditional PINNs structure is maintained by adjusting only the film thickness definition in the Reynolds equation. Model II reframes the lubrication problem as an interface issue, introducing a jump equation and an augmented variable to handle discontinuities. It extends the Reynolds equation into a three-dimensional form and includes an interface loss function for accuracy. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of both models in handling thickness discontinuities, with the model showing superior computational precision. The model parameters, including the number of sampling points and loss function weights, were optimized for enhanced accuracy. The models were also tested on various groove shapes, confirming their adaptability in resolving discontinuity issues.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultralow wear in boundary lubrication: A tribological study of Bi-alloyed steel under high normal loads and sliding speeds 边界润滑中的超低磨损:双合金钢在高正常载荷和滑动速度下的摩擦学研究
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441049
Aleksey V. Makarov, Vitaliy A. Sirosh, Natalia N. Soboleva, Elena G. Volkova, Aleksey G. Ipatov, Faat Z. Gil’mutdinov, Evgeny V. Kharanzhevskiy
{"title":"Ultralow wear in boundary lubrication: A tribological study of Bi-alloyed steel under high normal loads and sliding speeds","authors":"Aleksey V. Makarov, Vitaliy A. Sirosh, Natalia N. Soboleva, Elena G. Volkova, Aleksey G. Ipatov, Faat Z. Gil’mutdinov, Evgeny V. Kharanzhevskiy","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441049","url":null,"abstract":" <p>Wearless sliding friction in the lack of lubrication remains one of the primary goals of scientific research, as wear greatly reduces the life of mechanical components. While ultralow wear is achievable in sliding friction with proper hydrodynamic lubrication or at microscale normal loads, it remains a significant challenge to overcome wear under high normal loads, high sliding speeds, and in boundary lubrication or dry sliding friction. This paper introduces an approach to significantly mitigate wear in plain bearings operating under boundary lubrication at high normal forces and sliding speeds. The plain bearings were constructed from steel shafts tested against different materials. The surfaces of the steel shafts were alloyed with bismuth oxide using a novel high-energy short-pulse laser treatment. In order to incorporate the bismuth oxide into the surface layers of the steel, MnO<sub>2</sub> was utilized as a carrier. Ultralow wear was observed for the Bi-alloyed steel disk sliding against aluminum countersurface at normal loads up to 250 N (~5 MPa) and a sliding speed up to 9 m/s under extreme lack of lubrication. Achieving ultralow coefficient of friction (COF) and ultralow wear depends on eliminating adhesion between sliding surfaces, reducing the mechanical component of friction through diamond burnishing, and ensuring high fatigue endurance. The results of tribological tests demonstrate an exception to the Frenkel–Kontorova–Tomlinson model for wearless friction. The test results for Bi-alloyed steel–aluminum pair offer a new approach for a wide range of applications.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"331 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanical origin of Amonton’s law in nanoscale friction 纳米摩擦中阿蒙顿定律的力学起源
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441129
Puyu Ge, Runzhi Wang, Wen Wang, Shiyu Du, Junhui Sun
{"title":"Mechanical origin of Amonton’s law in nanoscale friction","authors":"Puyu Ge, Runzhi Wang, Wen Wang, Shiyu Du, Junhui Sun","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The widely used Amonton’s law, describing the common observation that dry friction between two surfaces is proportional to normal load, has yet been explicitly derived since its discovery from Leonardo da Vinci era. Here, Amonton’s law is explicitly extrapolated as friction coefficient &nbsp;using a concise perturbation theory analysis of frictional energy landscape parametrized by load. This unveils Amonton’s law may arise from the competition between normal stiffness (<em>k</em>) and interfacial normal force fluctuation during sliding (Δ<em>F</em><sub>N</sub>/Δ<em>x</em>). The predicted friction coefficient is quantitatively validated through both atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and atomistic simulations of frictional systems ranging from bulk to layered materials. Different from the traditional framework of recondite rough contact theory, this study concisely extrapolates Amonton’s law as well as friction coefficient and traces their microscopic origins to the inherent mechanical properties, thereby enabling their rational design.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic tire-pavement friction prediction with an integrated sensing-modeling approach 基于综合传感建模方法的轮胎路面动态摩擦预测
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441050
Baiyu Jiang, Xunjie Chen, Hao Wang, Jingang Yi
{"title":"Dynamic tire-pavement friction prediction with an integrated sensing-modeling approach","authors":"Baiyu Jiang, Xunjie Chen, Hao Wang, Jingang Yi","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441050","url":null,"abstract":" <p>This study proposed an intelligent tire solution to predict tire-pavement friction from tire sensors using an integrated modeling-sensing approach. A laboratory platform is built to conduct dynamic tire tests under different operating parameters and surface conditions. Pressure-based sensors were embedded in the tire tread rubber to measure local forces on the tire contact patch. Physics-based models are built to interpret the friction generation mechanisms and predict the global friction force from sensor measurements. The tire−pavement interaction model consists of a Brush model for tire−pavement contact, a flexible ring model for tire stress and strain, and energy dissipation theory. The flexible ring model parameters are first calibrated with tire load−deflection curves. The feasible dynamic friction coefficients and the deformed tire profile were then solved using an interactive process among the three models using sensor measurements. Finally, the predicted friction forces were compared with the reference measurements from load cells to evaluate the prediction accuracy. The results confirmed the capability of smart tire sensing for estimating tire−pavement friction coefficients at various slip ratios under different surface conditions, which shows the potential for friction-informed vehicle control and safe driving.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental and numerical investigation on the brake interfacial tribology behavior of high-speed train under long-ramp braking conditions 高速列车长坡道制动工况下制动界面摩擦学行为的实验与数值研究
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441130
Wei Chen, Qixiang Zhang, Jiliang Mo, Zhicheng He, Xiaocui Wang, Song Zhu, Chunguang Zhao
{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the brake interfacial tribology behavior of high-speed train under long-ramp braking conditions","authors":"Wei Chen, Qixiang Zhang, Jiliang Mo, Zhicheng He, Xiaocui Wang, Song Zhu, Chunguang Zhao","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A dragging friction experiment is conducted on a scaled brake dynamometer to simulate long-ramp braking conditions of high-speed train. Heavy thermal load is generated due to the long-time friction process, resulting in a high interfacial temperature of more than 480 ℃. The friction heat will be concentrated in the sliding region of the disc surface, where significant temperature gradient is formed. Eccentric wear phenomenon is identified in the radial direction of the block surface. This is different from the cases of ordinary braking conditions which produce relative low temperature, ordinary parking braking, for example, eccentric wear is found in the friction direction. Meanwhile, the friction-induced vibration (FIV) is found to closely correlate with the interfacial temperature, the vibration amplitude increases with the increase of the temperature, while the main frequency of FIV decreases as the temperature gets large. For a further exploration, a novel fully coupled thermomechanical-wear-FIV numerical method is proposed to simulate the temperature, wear and FIV evolution of the brake process. It indicates the numerical model can well reproduce the tribology behavior of the brake system, and the underlying mechanism of the eccentric wear phenomenon is explained. This numerical method can be used as an auxiliary tool to design or optimize the brake system in engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interaction of Pluronic F-127 with serum proteins and its feasibility as a lubricant additive for CoCrMo/UHMWPE interface Pluronic F-127与血清蛋白的相互作用及其作为CoCrMo/UHMWPE界面润滑剂添加剂的可行性
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441036
Ruben del Campo Muga, Seunghwan Lee
{"title":"Interaction of Pluronic F-127 with serum proteins and its feasibility as a lubricant additive for CoCrMo/UHMWPE interface","authors":"Ruben del Campo Muga, Seunghwan Lee","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441036","url":null,"abstract":" <p>In this study, we report the feasibility of Pluronic “F-127” as a lubricant for CoCrMo/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) interface in serum as a synovial fluid (SyF) model. While adsorption and lubrication properties of amphiphilic copolymers such as F-127 at a hydrophobic surface in aqueous media have been well established, its efficacy in serum can be more complicated due to potential interaction of F-127 with serum proteins or competitive adsorption onto UHMWPE surface. When an aliquot of F-127 solution (in concentration range of F-127 from 0.1% to 20% dissolved in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)) was added into serum where a CoCrMo pin is sliding against a UHMWPE disk, an immediate decrease in the coefficient of friction (COF) (ca. 20%) was observed. A spectroscopy study employing dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance spectroscopy has shown that serum associatively interacts with F-127 when the F-127 concentration is above critical micelle concentration (CMC), leading to an increase in hydrodynamic size and alteration of tertiary structure of proteins in serum. Mixing of F-127 with the solutions of selected single component biomolecules of serum showed that γ-globulin is the primary molecule that interacts with F-127 above CMC, followed by albumin. Meanwhile, no indication of interaction was observed when the F-127 concentration was below CMC. It is thus proposed that the observed lubricating effect of F-127 in serum is primarily due to the faster surface adsorption kinetics for its smaller molecular weight compared to serum proteins. Further, comparable % reduction in COF over a wide range of F-127 concentration indicates that unimeric F-127 molecules are dominant in contribution to friction-lowering effect even at above CMC at CoCrMo/UHMWPE interface in serum.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acoustic emission monitoring of lubricant additive behavior in sliding contacts 滑触中润滑油添加剂行为的声发射监测
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441128
Zhe Geng, Debashis Puhan, Min Yu, Jie Zhang, Tom Reddyhoff
{"title":"Acoustic emission monitoring of lubricant additive behavior in sliding contacts","authors":"Zhe Geng, Debashis Puhan, Min Yu, Jie Zhang, Tom Reddyhoff","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acoustic emission (AE) signals were recorded during tribological tests on 52100 steel specimens, sliding under boundary lubrication conditions in the presence of different chemical additives (an anti-wear, two friction modifiers, an extreme pressure additive and a dispersant). Various parameters of the AE signal were analyzed and compared with the coefficient of friction (CoF), electrical contact resistance (ECR), surface roughness and wear volume. The measured friction, ECR, surface roughness and wear varied between tests as expected due to the action of whichever additive was present. Within each test, the variation over time of certain AE frequencies correlated strongly with the variation in friction and while other frequency components correlated with the ECR signal. AE and friction, surface roughness and wear parameters were also averaged over each test, and the results plotted against each other while varying the lubricant additive. This showed that the average of certain AE frequencies correlated well with the average friction, certain AE frequencies correlated with the surface roughness and while other average frequency components correlated with the wear volume per test. Together this demonstrates that the AE signal is rich in tribological information and is sensitive to asperity interactions and surface film composition. It is therefore a powerful tool to monitor tribological behavior and lubricant condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of drag reduction methods and principles in bionic interface 仿生界面减阻方法及原理综述
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441033
Yiwei Hu, Yukai Sun, Liran Ma, Jianbin Luo
{"title":"A review of drag reduction methods and principles in bionic interface","authors":"Yiwei Hu, Yukai Sun, Liran Ma, Jianbin Luo","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441033","url":null,"abstract":" <p>Natural organisms have evolved numerous functional surfaces and structures on their body surfaces over billions of years of evolution, which have shown excellent drag reduction effects in a wide range of applications. From a biomimicry perspective, techniques for reducing drag, such as compliant walls, superhydrophobic surfaces, and surface textures, originate from the features of living things in the natural world. These techniques, which are important for sustainable development, can increase productivity, cut down on energy loss, preserve the environment, and be applied to industrial production, sports, transportation, and other areas. This paper presents systematic elaboration of the structure or properties of functional surfaces from the standpoint of typical biological characteristics. Additionally, a summary of bionic drag reduction techniques, guiding principles, and related research findings is provided, which can serve as a resource for both further study and real-world implementation.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phononic insights into sliding friction 对滑动摩擦的声子分析
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441043
Chengdong Sun, Shuyu Huang, Yi Tao, Zaoqi Duan, Quan Han, Kai Chen, Yajing Kan, Zhonghua Ni, Zhiyong Wei, Yan Zhang, Yunfei Chen
{"title":"Phononic insights into sliding friction","authors":"Chengdong Sun, Shuyu Huang, Yi Tao, Zaoqi Duan, Quan Han, Kai Chen, Yajing Kan, Zhonghua Ni, Zhiyong Wei, Yan Zhang, Yunfei Chen","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441043","url":null,"abstract":" <p>Traditionally, the friction force has been the benchmark for quantifying energy dissipation in frictional phenomena. In this study, we introduce an atomic chain friction model that illuminates the conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy through interfacial forces. The energy dissipation process is characterized by the release of partial potential energy in the form of phonons, quantifiable by a frictional damping coefficient. We have determined that this damping coefficient is significantly influenced by the intrinsic dynamic properties of the friction system. To expand on this foundation, we formulate an advanced phononic friction model that accurately predicts the friction forces measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Our model reveals that energy dissipation is caused by vibrations occurring both parallel and perpendicular to the sliding motion. These findings profoundly enhance our understanding of the basic mechanics of friction and open new avenues for innovative strategies for the active management and reduction of energy dissipation in diverse mechanical systems.</p> ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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