{"title":"Strengthening mechanism of different morphologies of nano-sized MSH on tribological performance of phosphate/MoS2 bonded solid lubricating coatings","authors":"Zhengchao Xi, Jianbo Sun, Lei Chen, Haixia Cui, Yanjun Ma, Huidi Zhou, Jianmin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0899-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0899-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnesium silicate hydroxides (MSHs) with granular, schistose, and tubular morphologies were separately incorporated to enhance the tribological properties of phosphate/MoS<sub>2</sub> composite coatings. The nano-schistose MSH demonstrated superior tribological performance due to its effective interactions with the worn surface and frictional synergies with solid lubricants. Incorporation of nano-schistose MSH decreased the friction coefficient of composite coatings by about 34.7% and increased the anti-wear performance of composite coatings by about thirteen times. Nano-schistose MSH facilitated the formation of a friction-induced multi-layer heterogenous slipping structure with layered solid lubricants at the friction interface. Moreover, tribo-chemical reactions between nano-schistose MSH and worn surface promoted the <i>in-situ</i> formation of a cermet supporting film, and this also induced the gradual <i>in-situ</i> formation of a lubrication film on the top of worn surface. Consequently, the contact state between tribo-pairs was timely regulated and the invalidation of the nanocomposite slipping structure was effectively restrained during the friction process. As a result, the service life of the phosphate composite coatings was significantly extended and further abrasion on the worn surface was notably reduced.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0922-3
Davide Carlevaris, Francesco Varriale, Jens Wahlström, Cinzia Menapace
{"title":"Pin-on-disc tribological characterization of single ingredients used in a brake pad friction material","authors":"Davide Carlevaris, Francesco Varriale, Jens Wahlström, Cinzia Menapace","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0922-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0922-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers have long been studying the effects of the modification of friction material compositions on their tribological properties. Predictive models have also been developed, but they are of limited use in the design of new compositions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the tribological behaviour of single ingredients in friction materials to develop a tribological dataset. This dataset could then be used as a foundation for a cellular automaton (CA) predictive model, intended to be a tool for designing friction materials. Tribological samples were almost entirely composed of four distinct friction material ingredients, and one sample composed of their mixture was successfully produced. Pin-on-disc (PoD) tribometer testing and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS) analysis were used for the tribological characterization. Each material showed distinct tribological properties and evolution of the contact surface features, and the synergistic effect of their mutual interaction was also demonstrated by their mixture.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0940-1
Ahmed Fouly, Walid M. Daoush, Hesham I. Elqady, Hany S. Abdo
{"title":"Fabrication of PMMA nanocomposite biomaterials reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals extracted from rice husk for dental applications","authors":"Ahmed Fouly, Walid M. Daoush, Hesham I. Elqady, Hany S. Abdo","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0940-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0940-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The primary objective of global studies is to develop the properties and durability of polymers for various applications. When it comes to dental disability, denture base materials must have sufficient mechanical and tribological performance in order to withstand the forces experienced in the mouth. This work aims to investigate the effects of the addition of low content of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the mechanical and tribological performance of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites. Different weight percent of CNC (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt%) were added to the PMMA matrix followed by ball milling to evenly distribute the nanoparticles reinforced phase in the matrix phase. The findings emphasize the significant impact of CNC integration on the performance of PMMA nanocomposites. By increasing the content of the CNC nanoparticles, the mechanical properties of PMMA were improved. In addition, the tribological outcomes demonstrated a significant reduction in the friction coefficient besides an enhancement in the wear resistance as the weight percentage of nanoparticles increased. The surface of the worn samples was investigated by utilizing SEM to identify the wear mechanisms corresponding to the different compositions. In addition, a finite elment model (FEM) was developed to ascertain the thickness of the worn layer and the generated stressed on the surfaces of the nanocomposite throughout the friction process.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"380 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple and effective: Superlubricity behaviour of the G-quadruplex hydrogel with high selectivity for K+ ions based on the ocular environment","authors":"Hongdong Wang, Jian Wu, Kunpeng Wang, Yunjuan Su, Xiacong Zhang, Yuhong Liu, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0898-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0898-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogels have been the subject of significant research in the field of friction due to their exceptional lubricating properties. In this study, the G-quadruplex hydrogel with high selectivity for K<sup>+</sup> ions was formed by introducing a mixture of G, 2-formylphenylboronic acid, and polyethylene glycol diamine into simulated artificial tears solution with high transparency, and an ultra-low coefficient of friction (COF) of about 0.004 was obtained based on the simulated ocular environment, thus achieving macroscopic superlubricity. In friction pairs simulating the ocular environment, to assess the frictional performance of the G-quadruplex hydrogel as both a lubricant and a friction pair based on the simulated ocular environment, we conducted experiments considering various factors such as concentration, sliding speed, and stress. Through these experiments, it was found that superlubricity was achieved when the G-quadruplex hydrogel was applied as lubricant or friction pair. This effect was attributed to the three-dimensional network structure and hydrophilicity of the hydrogel, which facilitated the formation of a highly bearing and flowing hydration layer, promoting macroscopic superlubricity. Compared to the G-quadruplex hydrogel with low concentration, the high concentration hydrogel (75 mM) exhibited increased mechanical strength and robustness in superlubricity. Combined with biocompatibility experiments, our synthesized G-quadruplex hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and offers a novel approach to achieve superlubricity in ocular drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lubrication condition monitoring of journal bearings in diesel engine based on thermoelectricity","authors":"Yuhao Lv, Hao Liu, Zhigang Chen, Weijie Chang, Hui Zhang, Hulin Li","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0897-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0897-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is still a lack of effective lubrication condition monitoring methods in the field of diesel engines. The paper proposes a novel thermoelectric approach to divide the lubrication state of bearings. First, the generation mechanism of thermoelectric potential on bearings is clarified. Then, both experimental and simulation studies are done, and a strong correlation between lubrication and thermoelectric potential is shown. The film thickness and temperature are further confirmed as significant factors influencing thermoelectric potential. Generally, the thermoelectric potential increases with temperature. However, a small film thickness ratio (when the film thickness ratio is less than 4) will suppress the thermoelectric potential. Three typical lubrication states of bearings are distinguished through thermoelectric potential and supported by the Stribeck curve results. Moreover, the significant influence of lubrication on the bearing is confirmed through the analysis of surface morphology and composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0943-y
Hongbo Ju, Jing Luan, Junhua Xu, Albano Cavaleiro, Manuel Evaristo, Filipe Fernandes
{"title":"Nano-multilayered ZrN-Ag/Mo-S-N film design for stable anti-frictional performance at a wide range of temperatures","authors":"Hongbo Ju, Jing Luan, Junhua Xu, Albano Cavaleiro, Manuel Evaristo, Filipe Fernandes","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0943-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0943-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A multilayer film, composed by ZrN-Ag (20 nm) and Mo-S-N (10 nm) layers, combining the intrinsic lubricant characteristics of each layer was deposited using DC magnetron sputtering system, to promote lubrication in a wide-range of temperatures. The results showed that the ZrN-Ag/Mo-S-N multilayer film exhibited a sharp interface between the different layers. A face-centered cubic (fcc) dual-phases of ZrN and Ag co-existed in the ZrN-Ag layers, whilst the Mo-S-N layers displayed a mixture of hexagonal close-packed MoS<sub>2</sub> (hcp-MoS<sub>2</sub>) nano-particles and an amorphous phase. The multilayer film exhibited excellent room temperature (RT) triblogical behavior, as compared to the individual monolayer film, due to the combination of a relative high hardness with the low friction properties of both layers. The reorientation of MoS<sub>2</sub> parallel to the sliding direction also contributed to the enhanced anti-frictional performance at RT. At 400 °C, the reorientation of MoS<sub>2</sub> as well as the formation of MoO<sub>3</sub> phase were responsible for the lubrication, whilst the hard t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> phase promoted abrasion and, consequently, led to increasing wear rate. At 600 °C, the Ag<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> double-metal oxide was the responsible for the low friction and wear-resistance; furthermore, the observed transformation from t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> to m-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, could also have contributed to the better tribological performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0891-6
Yacong Hou, Lei Chen, Zheng Zhang, Jinlin Chang, Ding Weng, Yuan Ma, Jiadao Wang
{"title":"A novel UHMWPE composite with low friction coefficient for long-term ice sliding","authors":"Yacong Hou, Lei Chen, Zheng Zhang, Jinlin Chang, Ding Weng, Yuan Ma, Jiadao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0891-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0891-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low friction ice sliding interfaces were critical for ski performance optimization. Traditional fluorinated ski waxes have attracted considerable attention for enhancing the hydrophobicity, anti-wearing, and oxidation resistance of ski-ice base. However, the toxicity and complexity of the waxing process limited batch manufacturing of low-cost and non-toxic ski-ice base, what is more, the wax covering on the base wore and failed during skiing due to the friction between ski and ice. Herein, we demonstrated a novel ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite that could maintain a low coefficient of friction (COF) with about 0.026 for at least 160 min when skiing on the ice. Microcapsule (MS) could release liquid (liquid paraffin (LP)). The released LP further enhanced the hydrophobicity of UHMWPE’s surfaces when friction occurred, which would maintain the stability and durability of the water film, and achieved superior and long-lasting friction resistance. Compared with other microcapsules with lower hydrophobic core, microcapsules with LP performed the best in reducing the friction of ski base from 0.126 to 0.024. Meanwhile, the COF of the surface kept at about 0.02 even after 12 rapid temperature changes. The presented UHMWPE composite of encapsulated liquids showed great potential and broad application owing to its simplicity and efficiency in winter sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0905-4
David Rebenda, Tomáš Sáha
{"title":"Current state-of-the art review of footwear-ground friction","authors":"David Rebenda, Tomáš Sáha","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0905-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0905-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The most important role of footwear is to ensure safe, functional walking, and foot protection. For the proper functionality of not only the work shoes, the anti-slip behavior of the shoe under various conditions and environments plays an important role in the prevention of slips, trips, falls, and consequent injuries. This article is intended to review the current understanding of the frictional mechanisms between shoe outsoles and various counterfaces that impact the evaluation of outsole slipperiness. Current research focuses on the mechanisms driving outsole friction on different ground surfaces or the definition and description of parameters that influence outsole friction. Subsequently, the review discusses the effect of various surface contaminants on footwear friction. Lastly, challenges and outlooks in the field of footwear outsoles are briefly mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0916-1
Stefan Hofmann, Thomas Lohner, Karsten Stahl
{"title":"Influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic lubrication with water-containing polyalkylene glycols","authors":"Stefan Hofmann, Thomas Lohner, Karsten Stahl","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0916-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0916-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reduction of frictional power losses in power transmitting gears takes a crucial role in the design of energy- and resource-efficient drivetrains. Water-containing lubricants like glycerol and polyalkylene glycols have shown great potential in achieving friction within the superlubricity regime with coefficients of friction lower than 0.01 under elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Additionally, a bio-based production of the base stocks can lead to the development of green lubricants. However, one challenge associated with the application of water-containing lubricants to gearboxes is the evaporation of water and its impact on the lubricant properties. In this study, the influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic friction and film thickness was investigated for three water-containing polyalkylene glycols. Two nominal water contents of 20 wt% and 40 wt% and two viscosities were considered. The results show that the friction increases continuously with higher evaporated water content, while the overall friction level remains low in nearly water-free states. A similar trend is observed for film thickness, where the strong increase in viscosity results in a notable increase in film thickness. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of friction and film thickness to water evaporation is low for small amounts of evaporated water. This allows generous thresholds for permissible variations in water content.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0888-1
Zhuocheng Li, Enhui Zhang, Weimin Li, Haichao Liu
{"title":"Tribological study of two ammonium chloride-decanoic acid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as high-performance lubricants","authors":"Zhuocheng Li, Enhui Zhang, Weimin Li, Haichao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0888-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are acknowledged as a novel class of functional liquid. DESs share similar physical properties with ionic liquids (ILs) and have the potential to be a novel class of lubricants. In this study, two DESs, namely tetrabutylammonium chloride-decanoic acid DES (C4-DES) and methyl tricaprylmethylammonium chloride-decanoic acid DES (C8-DES), were synthesized, and their physico-chemical properties and tribological performances were evaluated. Post-analysis of the rubbing surfaces used multiple techniques to gain insights into the lubrication mechanisms. Results show that the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear were reduced by approximately 29% and 91% for the C4-DES, and 36% and 94% for the C8-DES, compared to an ester base oil. The friction reduction behavior of the DESs is attributed to the monolayer adsorption of the polar group in the decanoic acid (DEAC), whose effectiveness is affected by the component of the ammonium salts in the DESs and the operating temperatures. In addition to the adsorbed film, worn surface analysis revealed that an ultra-thin tribochemical film with a thickness of 3–7 nm was formed on the surfaces lubricated with the C8-DES. The composition of the film was studied, and the lubrication mechanisms of the two DESs were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}