Friction最新文献

Speed-controlled adhesive gripper 速度控制胶爪

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441258

Lvzhou Li, Huan Wei, Xiangli Wen, Qingyue Li, Kai Zhu, Yu Tian, Jianning Ding

引用次数: 0

Liquid bridge morphology and adhesion force evolution in bearing: influence mechanisms and effects 轴承液桥形态与黏附力演化：影响机制与效应

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441259

Jindao Guo, Ke Yan, Mingkai Wang, Jiannan Sun, Bin Fang, Fei Chen, Jun Hong

引用次数: 0

Tree-frog inspired friction pads provide positive curved contact performance in wet environment 树蛙式摩擦垫在潮湿环境中提供积极的弯曲接触性能

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441256

Keju Ji, Xiaolei Zhu, Jian Chen, Jiahui Zhao, Jianming Wu, Xinran Xu, Wenjie Chen, Haixiang Ma, Zhiyong Hu, Jun Sun, Zhendong Dai

{"title":"Tree-frog inspired friction pads provide positive curved contact performance in wet environment","authors":"Keju Ji, Xiaolei Zhu, Jian Chen, Jiahui Zhao, Jianming Wu, Xinran Xu, Wenjie Chen, Haixiang Ma, Zhiyong Hu, Jun Sun, Zhendong Dai","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441256","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous bionic gripping ends adapted to different environments, but stable gripping for curved objects in wet environments is still an urgent engineering challenge. In this study, inspired by the biological properties of tree frogs, a bionic friction pad with an inner concave micropillar surface (CMF-Pad) is proposed. Through the analysis of Hertzian contact theory, the optimization mechanism of the concave surface on the contact area is revealed, and the critical curvature range of the micropillar array to guarantee the drainage performance is deduced. Experiments have confirmed that CMF-Pad exhibit significant advantages in wet environments (≥10 mg/cm2 liquid film environment), its micro-channels can actively drain interfacial fluids to enhance friction, and its transverse friction is increased by about 40% compared with flat/smooth friction pads; Simultaneously, it possesses excellent curved surface adaptation and torsion resistance. In the smooth surface contact life test, the CMF-Pad maintained more than 90% of its initial friction after 10,000 cycles of contact testing. Concurrently, practical applications have verified the stability of the friction pads when gripping, handling and twisting curved objects such as medical reagent bottles by robotic arms, enables reliable manipulation in liquid-mediated interfaces through dual mechanisms: active drainage and curvature-conformal contact, providing a different solution for humid environment operation in semiconductor processing, medical equipment handling and other fields.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147732335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving low friction and wear in superhard TiCx coatings on GCr15 steel via ti-induced graphitization and TiO2 stabilization 通过钛诱导石墨化和TiO2稳定实现GCr15钢超硬TiCx涂层的低摩擦磨损

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441257

Lilin Jiang, Yongming Zhu, Qian Jia, Pangfeng Yang, Weiye Li, Bin Zhang

{"title":"Achieving low friction and wear in superhard TiCx coatings on GCr15 steel via ti-induced graphitization and TiO2 stabilization","authors":"Lilin Jiang, Yongming Zhu, Qian Jia, Pangfeng Yang, Weiye Li, Bin Zhang","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441257","url":null,"abstract":"Ti-based carbon coatings are promising for low-friction and wear-resistant applications, but their performance on steel substrates is often limited by poor adhesion, high residual stress, and unstable tribological behavior under ambient conditions. In this work, TiCx coatings were deposited on GCr15 bearing steel using a hybrid strategy combining magnetic filtered cathodic arc ion sputtering and magnetron sputtering. Dense Cr/CrN/CrTiN/TiCN graded interlayers ensured strong adhesion and a smooth mechanical transition to the substrate, while the TiCx top layer was tuned via the carbon target DC current. The TiCx-1 coating, deposited at 4 A, exhibits an exceptional hardness of 43 GPa and a low friction coefficient of ⁓0.18, demonstrating a superior combination of elastic-plastic properties and wear resistance. Structural analyses reveal that increasing DC current promotes sp2 carbon formation and graphitization, while Ti incorporation facilitates TiC reinforcement and the in-situ generation of TiO2 during sliding. Tribological tests, Raman and FIB-HRTEM observations confirm that friction and wear are dominated by the formation of a stable graphitized transfer film supported by TiO2, which reduces shear stress and stabilizes the sliding interface. However, excessive carbon enrichment at higher currents destabilizes the transfer film and degrades mechanical integrity, leading to higher friction and wear. These results highlight the synergistic roles of interfacial architecture, carbon bonding evolution, and Ti-assisted tribochemistry in governing the tribological performance of TiCx coatings. This study provides a novel design strategy and fundamental insights for developing superhard, low-friction coatings for steel components under ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147732332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comment on the review paper “Critical advances in superlubricity: From current challenges to sustainable development beyond laboratory” from a gear perspective 从齿轮的角度对“超润滑的关键进展：从当前的挑战到实验室以外的可持续发展”的评论

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441208

Stefan Hofmann, Marcus Björling, Roland Larsson, Thomas Lohner, Karsten Stahl

{"title":"A comment on the review paper “Critical advances in superlubricity: From current challenges to sustainable development beyond laboratory” from a gear perspective","authors":"Stefan Hofmann, Marcus Björling, Roland Larsson, Thomas Lohner, Karsten Stahl","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441208","url":null,"abstract":" Tang et al. [<xref ref-type=\"bibr\" onclick=\"findReferencesById(event)\" r>1</xref>] present a thorough literature review on the advances in liquid superlubricity and provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with translating model testing findings into practical applications. The review has led to the formulation of the current requirements for achieving liquid superlubricity, namely (I) a low surface roughness, (II) low viscosity, (III) appropriate contact pressure, and (IV) appropriate velocity. While the review is extensive, we think it lacks a critical examination of the potential application of the reviewed tribosystems in the lubrication of machine elements such as roller bearings and gears. The transfer of superlubricity from model scale to machine elements requires the consideration of boundary conditions of industrial applications. These include material properties, lubricant characteristics, and geometric and kinematic constraints. This comment discusses the work of Tang et al. [<xref ref-type=\"bibr\" onclick=\"findReferencesById(event)\" r>1</xref>] in the context of superlubricity from the perspective of gears, which are typically characterized by rolling–sliding motion and non-conformal contact geometry. We think that it is imperative to refine the conclusions to avoid misinterpretation of the challenges and potential of superlubricity. We demonstrate that superlubricity can be easily achieved in elastohydrodynamically lubricated steel contacts on engineering surfaces, not limited by the four requirements brought up by Tang et al. [<xref ref-type=\"bibr\" onclick=\"findReferencesById(event)\" r>1</xref>]. ","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A method to predict the mesoscale contact area for discrete human skin-product surface contacts 离散人体皮肤-产品表面接触的中尺度接触面积预测方法

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441253

Fangfang Shang, Erik. G. de Vries, Samuel S. Gamaniel, David T. A. Matthews, Emile van der Heide

{"title":"A method to predict the mesoscale contact area for discrete human skin-product surface contacts","authors":"Fangfang Shang, Erik. G. de Vries, Samuel S. Gamaniel, David T. A. Matthews, Emile van der Heide","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441253","url":null,"abstract":"A method was developed to predict the contact area between human skin and product surfaces. The method focuses on the mesoscale texture of skin, including primary and secondary lines and related waviness of the skin. This approach aims at discrete human skin – product surface contacts and thus allows the prediction of contact area for individual users or products. Skin features were replicated in a silicone-based compound, and the topography of the replica was measured with confocal microscopy. The numerical core of the method consisted of identifying the individual mesoscale skin structure and digitally representing this structure by fitted semi-ellipsoids. The Hertzian elastic deformation theory was used to calculate resulting contact areas with increasing nominal contact pressure up to 18.3 kPa. The method was validated by measuring the skin surface topography of the volar wrist skin of seven volunteers. The topographies were scaled by a factor 10 and replicated using two types of silicone with different elastic moduli and their contact areas resulting from contact with a flat glass countersurface were measured with a digital fingerprint scanner. It was observed that the measurements and the calculations from the numerical model followed the same trend, where at nominal contact pressures above 9.1 kPa, for most of the volunteers, the model error was below 15 %. The results suggested that the semi-ellipsoid fitting procedure simulates the mesoscale roughness of human skin at moderate contact force conditions, providing a useful approach for modelling contact areas, for example, for future personalized friction studies and product design.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrical-thermal-mechanical-wear modeling and experimental validation for electrical contact under fretting conditions 微动条件下电接触的电-热-机械-磨损建模与实验验证

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441255

Chunzheng Zhang, Liaoliang Ke, Ganggang Chang, Weiwei Shen, Hongdong Wu, Fei Shen

{"title":"Electrical-thermal-mechanical-wear modeling and experimental validation for electrical contact under fretting conditions","authors":"Chunzheng Zhang, Liaoliang Ke, Ganggang Chang, Weiwei Shen, Hongdong Wu, Fei Shen","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441255","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical contacts have widespread utilization in electrical and electronic equipment. Fretting wear is a dominant reason for electrical contact failure. This paper conducted numerical and experimental investigations on the electrical, mechanical, thermal, and wear behavior of electrical contact under fretting wear conditions. The fretting wear tests are carried out on CuZn40 alloy under specified current load, fretting displacement, and normal force. An electrical contact resistance (ECR) model is obtained from experimental results with three evolution stages based on the Weibull distribution and parabolic oxidation law. A co-simulation method is then established to achieve the evaluation of the electrical-thermal-mechanical-wear behavior of electrical contact, in which the ECR evolution model is used. The numerical method proposed in this study is validated by comparing the simulation results of the wear volume, profile, and temperature rise with the experimental data. After the validation of the method, the variation of contact pressure, temperature distribution, wear morphology, and electric potential distribution with fretting wear cycles is investigated. The results suggest that the co-simulation method is efficient in investigating the electrical contact behavior under fretting wear.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147664197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multidimensional investigation of the transition from lubricated to abrasive wear 从润滑到磨料磨损过渡的多维调查

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441254

Yulong Li, Johannes Schneider, Christian Greiner

{"title":"A multidimensional investigation of the transition from lubricated to abrasive wear","authors":"Yulong Li, Johannes Schneider, Christian Greiner","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441254","url":null,"abstract":"Abrasive wear is one of the most critical degradation mechanisms in tribological systems, leading to material loss, reduced efficiency, and premature failure of components. Despite its importance, predicting the initiation and progression of abrasive wear remains challenging because the complex nature of lubrication conditions. In this study, continuous pin-on-disk experiments using bearing steels were conducted to investigate predictive indicators of abrasive wear. During the first 2000 seconds, the contact was lubricated with a base oil to establish stable frictional conditions. At 2000 s, an abrasive slurry was introduced into the contact without interrupting rotation, simulating the sudden intrusion of abrasive particles. Subsequently, the evolution of friction before and after the onset of abrasive wear was analyzed from three complementary perspectives, demonstrating the potential for predictive assessment. First, the spatial distribution of friction on the disk under both lubricated and abrasive wear conditions exhibited similar patterns despite the large difference in magnitude, suggesting that friction measured in the lubricated regime already reflects the inherent spatial structure of the contact and can therefore indicate where high friction and wear are likely to occur. Second, wavelet analyses of friction signal successfully revealed transient features in the frequency domain that are associated with the initiation of abrasive wear, with spectral responses appearing before the increase in friction. Third, precontact measurable parameters, namely, disk surface topography and disk tilting induced oscillations, were found to be effective indicators for predicting high friction regions. These three approaches provide a framework for forecasting, detecting, and understanding abrasive wear, thereby contributing to the development of intelligent predictive maintenance strategies in tribological systems.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147664196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking polymer-based self-superlubricity: First demonstration of ultralow friction and wear at graphite-polyimide interfaces 解锁聚合物基自超润滑性：石墨-聚酰亚胺界面超低摩擦磨损的首次演示

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441246

Jiaying Li, Guanlin Li, Ying Liu, Zhenning Liu, Jinhui Nie, Liyu Lin

{"title":"Unlocking polymer-based self-superlubricity: First demonstration of ultralow friction and wear at graphite-polyimide interfaces","authors":"Jiaying Li, Guanlin Li, Ying Liu, Zhenning Liu, Jinhui Nie, Liyu Lin","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441246","url":null,"abstract":"A self-superlubricity (SSL) state, characterized by wear-free and ultralow friction between two solid surfaces, offers a significant solution to the challenges of friction and wear in micro systems. To date, SSL systems have been realized for graphite flakes interacting with both two-dimensional materials and three-dimensional materials such as metal and ceramics. However, current research on SSL lacks exploration on polymer-based materials, limiting the application of SSL technology in microsystems involving polymer components. Here, we experimentally demonstrate SSL between a graphite flake and a polyimide (PI) film. Results show that an 8μm graphite flake exhibits an ultralow friction coefficient of 1.6×10-4 on the smooth PI surface under the normal forces ranging from 89 μN to 178 μN. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy confirm a wear-free state in friction zone. Furthermore, Focused Ion Beam / Scan Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) reveals an intimately contacted graphite-PI interface, indicating large-area contact rather than point contact between the two interfaces. This work presents the first experimental realization of robust SSL at graphite-polymer interface, substantially broadening the material applicability and functional potential for SSL technology. It also opens new avenues for investigating the mechanisms of self-superlubricity.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electric current-induced tribological and microstructural degradation in bearing steel 轴承钢中电流诱导的摩擦学和显微组织退化

IF 6.8 1区工程技术

Friction Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2026.9441249

Ganghui Jiang, Shuxin Li, Jibin Pu, Licheng Hua, Siyuan Lu

{"title":"Electric current-induced tribological and microstructural degradation in bearing steel","authors":"Ganghui Jiang, Shuxin Li, Jibin Pu, Licheng Hua, Siyuan Lu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2026.9441249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2026.9441249","url":null,"abstract":"The complex electrical environments inherent in electric vehicles often lead to premature failures of bearings. A comprehensive understanding of material behavior under current-carrying conditions is therefore essential. In this study, a current-carrying pin-on-disk tribometer was used to investigate the tribological response and microstructural degradation of bearing steel subjected to electric current. The results show that electric current significantly intensifies adhesive, oxidative, and abrasive wear, leading to increased coefficient of friction (COF) and wear volume. After 120 min of sliding, the average COF increases from 0.058 at 0 A to 0.066 at 1.5 A and 0.072 at 6 A, while the corresponding wear volumes at 1.5 A and 6 A are approximately 1.5 and 2 times that at 0 A, respectively. This deterioration is attributed to the combined effects of electro-thermal and athermal mechanisms. Specifically, arc discharge in conjunction with frictional heating rapidly raises the surface temperature, inducing subsurface tempering and dynamic recrystallization. These thermally activated processes lead to microstructural softening, which in turn facilitates severe plastic deformation. Meanwhile, athermal effects accelerate dislocation motion and rearrangement, further affecting the material's mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0