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Non-trivial role of surrounding gases in triboluminescence: A comprehensive review
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9440998
Adis A. Tukhbatullin, Glyus L. Sharipov, Roman A. Nevshupa
{"title":"Non-trivial role of surrounding gases in triboluminescence: A comprehensive review","authors":"Adis A. Tukhbatullin, Glyus L. Sharipov, Roman A. Nevshupa","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9440998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9440998","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on triboluminescence phenomena has been comprehensively reviewed, with a focus on the activation mechanisms resulting from the dissipation of mechanical energy at interfaces. The complexity and interdisciplinary nature of this phenomenon, along with its dependence on gas composition and pressure, have been analyzed. Special attention was given to air, inert gases, polyatomic gases, and hydrocarbon gases. The influence of gas composition on triboluminescence is not straightforward. This is because at least three components are associated with different physical and chemical processes and activation mechanisms. These components include TL1: gas discharge luminescence. This occurs because of the generation of an electric field and dielectric breakdown of gases surrounding the mechanically activated zone of the material; TL2: photoluminescence of mechanically activated material. This results from the excitation of luminescent centers by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the gas discharge; TL3: material luminescence not related to photoluminescence. This is the least studied and most complex component. This can be related to the direct coupling of the mechanical force with the energy landscape of defects, impurities, and other centers. These centers can be excited and emit light during deexcitation. Other possibilities include luminescence excited by electric fields, exoelectron emission, etc. Therefore, the gas environment is crucial not only for gas discharge (as various gases can promote or quench it) but also for controlling other excitation and deexcitation processes. These processes occur through interactions of adsorbed films with stressed materials, tribochemical reactions, photochemical reactions, and so on. Furthermore, the potential application of triboluminescence for sensing gas composition is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Graphene oxide gluing layer enabling macroscale tribology applications of pristine graphene
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441092
Mingi Choi, Ivan V Vlassiouk, Won-Seok Kim, Jeong Han Kim, Anirudha V Sumant, Ji-Woong Jang, Junho Suh, Young-Jun Jang, Songkil Kim
{"title":"Graphene oxide gluing layer enabling macroscale tribology applications of pristine graphene","authors":"Mingi Choi, Ivan V Vlassiouk, Won-Seok Kim, Jeong Han Kim, Anirudha V Sumant, Ji-Woong Jang, Junho Suh, Young-Jun Jang, Songkil Kim","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent studies of two-dimensional nanomaterials-based solid lubricants, the importance of durability has been emerging for real engineering-scale applications. To achieve this, a transfer layer formation is essential to prevent the wear of the mechanical systems. However, it has been challenging for pristine graphene (PG) to induce a material transfer due to chemical inertness. In this study, we suggest an easy-to-process strategy to promote the huge material transfer of the PG onto the counterpart contacting material. We utilized graphene oxide (GO) as a gluing layer between the PG film and the counterpart contact surface for realizing the superior tribological performance. The high interaction energy of the GO from its functional groups makes a contribution to the material transfer of PG, which is unveiled by systematic analysis of the counterpart contact surface and the wear track. The huge solid transfer layer not only makes a wear-resistant contact interface between the transfer layer and the underlying film by densification and oxidation, but also reduces surface interaction energies, finally resulting in the significant improvement in the durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and tribological study of cartilage-inspired biphasic hydrogel-containing composites
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441090
Xuefei Li, Zhiwei Guo, Zhanmo Zheng, Zumin Wu, Ying Yang, Chengqing Yuan
{"title":"Design and tribological study of cartilage-inspired biphasic hydrogel-containing composites","authors":"Xuefei Li, Zhiwei Guo, Zhanmo Zheng, Zumin Wu, Ying Yang, Chengqing Yuan","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Boundary lubrication under harsh working conditions results in severe wear of water-lubricated bearing materials, e.g., the tail bearing in a ship. Inspired by cartilage lubrication, we prepare a smart hydrogel with balanced hydration and load-bearing properties through the construction of PVA-chitosan/sodium alginate double networks and the introduction of aramid nanofiber. The hydrogels are blended with UHMWPE into new bionic biphasic hydrogel-containing composites. The thorough assessments (chemical, thermal, surface, and bulk mechanical properties) of the hydrogels and the composites reveal that the high hydrophilicity of the hydrogel particles encapsulated in bulk UHMWPE facilitates water absorption leading to improved friction performance under boundary lubrication mode, e.g. at the startup. while the stripped hydrogel pits and induced micro-texture between friction interfaces as hydration layer play the role of separating the friction interface, effectively reducing the friction contact. Under 40 N load, the friction coefficient and wear rate of one composite are 28.7% and 14% lower than those of the plain UHMWPE, respectively. After soaking in seawater for 28 days and holding at 50℃ for 1 hour, the mechanical properties of the composite material are still better than plain UHMWPE. Altogether, the smart biphasic hydrogel-containing composites the intelligent biphasic hydrogel composites were able to improve the lubrication state according to operation conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation of the influence of surface structures on hydrodynamic fluid film thickness and contact temperatures in sliding contacts
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441089
D. Bulut, N. Bader
{"title":"Experimental investigation of the influence of surface structures on hydrodynamic fluid film thickness and contact temperatures in sliding contacts","authors":"D. Bulut, N. Bader","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hydrodynamic lubrication performance of face seals with T-shaped surface structures and conventional face seals is investigated. This study examines how surface structures influence fluid film thickness and contact temperatures. Fluid film thickness is measured using the laser-induced fluorescence method, and contact temperatures are measured using infrared thermography. Subsequently, the measured film thicknesses and contact temperatures for both structured and conventional seals are compared. It is shown that cavitation forms in the divergent regions of the surface structures while in the convergent regions, fluid pressure increases. This asymmetric pressure distribution results in a net positive fluid lifting force which affects both fluid film thickness and contact temperatures. Consequently, higher film thicknesses and lower contact temperatures are observed for the structured seals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribological performance enhanced of PTFE composites by ultra-thin amorphous carbon films: Synergistic mechanism of fillers and films
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441091
Zhihao Chen, Jian Wu, Shouyao Liu, Yefei Zhou, Shixue He, Benlong Su, Youshan Wang
{"title":"Tribological performance enhanced of PTFE composites by ultra-thin amorphous carbon films: Synergistic mechanism of fillers and films","authors":"Zhihao Chen, Jian Wu, Shouyao Liu, Yefei Zhou, Shixue He, Benlong Su, Youshan Wang","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The enhanced wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites as sealing components in aerospace hydraulic systems is an important part of advancing aerospace technology. This study is conducted to strengthen synergistically the tribological performance of PTFE composites through filler modification and surface ultrathin amorphous carbon film modification. The results demonstrate that the carbon fiber (CF) filled PTFE composites and ultrathin amorphous carbon film can form a synergistic mechanism, exhibiting effective synergistic deformation and wear-resistant effects. The CF and amorphous carbon film combination forms a “hard-lubrication” region, which exhibits an interfacial support-self lubrication effect. In contrast, the amorphous carbon film on the PTFE surface forms a “soft-protection” region that provides interfacial protection and enables coordinated deformation with the substrate. The two regions collectively form the synergistic mechanism, which ensures the stability of the ultrathin amorphous carbon film and enables the achievement of tribological performance, particularly the enhancement of wear resistance. The deposition of amorphous carbon films on PTFE composites with a CF filler mass ratio of 20 wt% resulted in the most significant improvement in wear resistance, with a 51.09% reduction in wear rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of phosphate nanoflowers as oil-based additives
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9440924
Linlin Duan, Dan Jia, Shengpeng Zhan, Suling Huang, Yijie Jin, Haitao Duan
{"title":"Tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of phosphate nanoflowers as oil-based additives","authors":"Linlin Duan, Dan Jia, Shengpeng Zhan, Suling Huang, Yijie Jin, Haitao Duan","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9440924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9440924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, as a new type of oil-based additive, a phosphate mixture of (Sr<sub>0.9</sub>Ca<sub>0.1</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and Sr<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (SrP) with a flower-like structure was synthesized. Compared with pure poly-α-olefin-8 (PAO8), when a titanium alloy is lubricated, the use of 20 wt% SrP for lubrication can reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) by 69.89% and the wear rate (WR) by 99.86%. The extraordinary tribological performance was attributed to the deposition of a layer of SrP on the surface of the titanium alloy. On the one hand, the deposition layer formed by SrP can prevent direct contact between friction pairs, protect the surface of the titanium alloy, and prevent adhesion wear of the titanium alloy. On the other hand, the low-shear interlayer sliding of SrP nanosheets inside the deposition layer was beneficial for friction reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that after frictional sliding, the active group phosphate in SrP was activated, and other metals were oxidized to produce a series of oxides. In addition, phosphate can form P‒O‒Ti bonds with titanium at the interface, which is the key to SrP deposition and adsorption on the surface of titanium alloys. The SrP additive not only exhibited excellent performance in lubricating titanium alloy discs but also stainless steel 304, 42CrMo, and tin bronze. After lubrication with 20 wt% SrP additive, the wear tracks of stainless steel 304 and 42CrMo were not detected, and WR of tin bronze decreased by 92%. An interface lubrication mechanism has been proposed that may be beneficial for the design and application of new lubricating materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surface wettability-driven oil film formation in slider-on-disc contact under limited lubrication
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9440990
Zhaogang Jing, Yusheng Jian, Feng Guo, Penghao Duan, Pat Lam Wong, Ziying Li
{"title":"Surface wettability-driven oil film formation in slider-on-disc contact under limited lubrication","authors":"Zhaogang Jing, Yusheng Jian, Feng Guo, Penghao Duan, Pat Lam Wong, Ziying Li","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9440990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9440990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of tuned surface wettability on oil film formation in a hydrodynamically lubricated contact with a limited lubricant supply (LLS) were explored in this study. Using a slider-on-disc lubricating film test rig, the oil film thickness was measured for three surface wettability configurations: the original disc surface and original slider side surface (OD &amp; OS), the anti-fingerprint (AF)-coated disc surface and original slider side surface (AFD &amp; OS), and the AF-coated disc surface and the AF-coated slider side surface (AFD &amp; AFS). The results indicate that the AFD &amp; AFS combination maintains the largest oil film thickness. This enhanced performance is due to the oil’s nonwetting behavior on the AFD &amp; AFS surfaces, particularly the discontinuous oil droplet/strip by dewetting, which promotes more lubricant supply at the slider inlet. Moreover, the oil accumulates at the inlet in the form of a convex reservoir so that positive Laplace pressure is generated, which effectively bears part of the load, and the film thickness increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roughness induced variation as a new mechanism for hydrodynamic lubrication between parallel surfaces
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441015
Pau Català, Vallbé-Mumbrú Marc, Francesc Pérez-Ràfols
{"title":"Roughness induced variation as a new mechanism for hydrodynamic lubrication between parallel surfaces","authors":"Pau Català, Vallbé-Mumbrú Marc, Francesc Pérez-Ràfols","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work proposes a new lift mechanism capable of explaining the hydrodynamic lift observed in real mechanical face seals with parallel surfaces. While it is well established that roughness is a key factor inducing such lift, its effect is commonly explained in the form of micro-wedges and asperity-level cavitation. The novelty of this work is to consider roughness induced random variability in the flow restriction, which induces effective wedges. First, a dedicated stochastic two-scale model is developed and used to demonstrate the proposed new mechanism in a case study. We demonstrate that the described new mechanism acts at scales comparable to the macroscopic size of the seal, much larger than the commonly considered micro-wedges. Afterwards, the limitations for this new proposed mechanism are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current and candidate additives for environmentally acceptable lubricants—A review
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9440988
Wenbo Wang, Jun Qu
{"title":"Current and candidate additives for environmentally acceptable lubricants—A review","authors":"Wenbo Wang, Jun Qu","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9440988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9440988","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The world consumes approximately 40 million tons of lubricants annually, and nearly half of them end up in the environment because of leaks, discharges, and evaporation, causing significant environmental and economic impacts. The need for moving toward environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) is increasingly being recognized. Synthetic ester, polyalkylene glycol, vegetable oil, and water are among the base fluids approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for EALs. However, neat base fluids cannot fully meet the lubrication requirements without incorporating functional additives such as anti-wear, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, and viscosity modifiers. Both the performance and environmental compatibility of lubricant additives are critical. In this article, current and candidate EAL additives, both in liquid and solid forms, are reviewed, with a focus on their functionalities in friction and wear reduction, toxicity, and biodegradability. Finally, a perspective for future research on EAL additives is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrically promoted tribological changes at diamond-like carbon/steel interface under lubrication conditions
IF 6.8 1区 工程技术
Friction Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.26599/frict.2025.9441088
Fu Wang, Yihua Wang, Xinjian Dong, Zhibo Wang, Dongshan Li, Guangan Zhang
{"title":"Electrically promoted tribological changes at diamond-like carbon/steel interface under lubrication conditions","authors":"Fu Wang, Yihua Wang, Xinjian Dong, Zhibo Wang, Dongshan Li, Guangan Zhang","doi":"10.26599/frict.2025.9441088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/frict.2025.9441088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In modern machinery, the electrified contacts introduce novel lubrication challenges for sliding components. It is vital to understand the electrified tribological characteristics of tribo-materials. This work studied the electrified tribological changes at a DLC/steel sliding interface when lubricated with base oils. The results showed that electric current induced sticking friction, resulting in a friction reduction of approximately 5% to 20% when using mineral, PAO6, and castor oils in short-duration tests, conversely, a slight increase in friction with rapeseed oil. The electric current triggered the growth of a graphite-like tribo-layer on the DLC surface, particularly in ester-lubricated interfaces, which mitigated the wear of DLC. As sliding progressed, DLC film experienced peeling wear under electrified conditions, especially at high currents and loads. The tribo-layer, formed from tribo-oxidation of steel pair and lubricant degradation, was correlated with electrified tribological behavior. The enhanced adhesive and molecular interactions caused by the electric field across the contact were deemed to contribute to the sticking friction under electrified conditions. These findings validate the electrically caused tribological changes in lubricated DLC/steel contacts and indicate the necessity of a novel DLC film design to counteract electrified-induced damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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