Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Greater Adherence to Lifestyle Recommendations after Cancer Diagnosis Is Associated with Lower Mortality in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Stephanie Byrne, Elina Hyppönen, Beben Benyamin, Terry Boyle","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1783","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research supporting the current recommendation to adhere to a healthy lifestyle following cancer diagnosis is limited. We investigated whether a healthy lifestyle after diagnosis is associated with a lower risk of mortality among those diagnosed with any malignant cancer and breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2006 to 2010, UK Biobank participants (ages 37-73 years) were assessed. Analyses were restricted to those with a malignant cancer diagnosis prior to baseline (n = 20,805, including 5,845 breast, 1,943 colorectal, and 2,715 prostate cancer cases). Participants were followed for all-cause and cancer-specific death up to November 2022. A lifestyle index was determined based on lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention. Cox regression was used to examine associations with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among those with any cancer, and separately for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, adjusting for relevant confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 4,328 deaths and 3,354 cancer-specific deaths in the 258,985 person-years of follow-up. A higher lifestyle index, representing greater adherence to recommendations, was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality [any cancer - highest vs. lowest lifestyle index tertile: HR (95% confidence interval) = 0.77 (0.71, 0.83); breast: 0.75 (0.64, 0.88); colorectal: 0.68 (0.52, 0.89); and prostate: 0.73 (0.59, 0.89)] and cancer-specific mortality in all populations examined [any cancer: 0.82 (0.75, 0.89); breast: 0.88 (0.71, 1.09); colorectal: 0.58 (0.36, 0.94); prostate: 0.70 (0.53, 0.93)], although evidence was weaker for cancer-specific mortality among colorectal and breast cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide evidence to support the recommendation to follow a healthy lifestyle after cancer diagnosis to prolong life.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Clinical guidelines and public health programs promoting a healthy lifestyle to cancer survivors may prolong life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"669-675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Sociocultural Barriers among Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Population-Based Study.","authors":"Ebrahim Mohammed, Girma Taye, Mathewos Aseffa, Adamu Addissie, Ahmedin Jemal","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1408","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in Addis Ababa and other parts of Ethiopia. Yet, there are limited age-eligible city-wide data on cervical cancer screening prevalence in Addis Ababa to inform public policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1881 screening eligible women aged 30 to 49 years, who were selected from 63 enumeration areas in Addis Ababa based on multistage sampling and proportional sample size allocation. Logistic regression was used to identify barriers to screening. All statistical tests were two-sided, P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 30.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28.8%-33.0%] of study participants reported receipt of screening in the past 5 years. Less than half (45.7%) of women reported that they received healthcare provider recommendation for screening, and only 15% of married women reported that they had spousal support for it. In the multivariable adjusted model, the odd of being screened was considerably higher in women with healthcare provider recommendation, with spousal support, and with good cervical cancer screening awareness and knowledge of risk factors for the disease. Factors associated with not seeking screening service included feeling healthy and perception of low risk for cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cervical cancer screening uptake is low in Addis Ababa, and less than half received healthcare provider recommendation. Future studies should identify barriers to provider recommendations.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The findings underscore the need for a coordinated effort to enhance healthcare provider recommendations for cervical cancer screening and to raise awareness about the benefits of screening in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"691-697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposures from Oil and Gas Development and Childhood Leukemia Risk in Colorado: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.","authors":"Lisa M McKenzie, William B Allshouse, David R Johnson, Christopher C DeVoe, Myles Cockburn, Debashis Ghosh","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1583","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children living in upstream oil and natural gas (O&G) areas may be exposed to leukemogens and at increased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study of children born in Colorado between 1992 and 2019. We matched 451 children diagnosed with ALL at ages 2 to 9 years starting in 2002 to 2,706 controls based on birth month/year and Hispanic ethnicity. We estimated upstream O&G activity intensities from conception through a 10-year latency using our intensity-adjusted inverse distance weighted (IA-IDW) model. We applied logistic regression models adjusted for confounders to evaluate associations between ALL and IA-IDW.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For children within 5 km of an O&G well site, we observed a 62% [OR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.964-2.62], 84% (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.35-2.48), and 100% (OR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.14-3.37) increase in ALL risk for low, medium, and high IA-IDW groups, compared with the referent group. Within 13 km, we observed a 59% (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.03-2.37), 40% (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09-1.80), and 164% (OR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.80-3.86) increase in ALL risk for low, medium, and high IA-IDW groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Colorado's children living within 13 km of O&G well sites are at increased risk for ALL, with children within 5 km bearing the greatest risk. Current setbacks between O&G well sites and residences may not be sufficient to protect the health of these children.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our results can be applied to policies to reduce childhood leukemogen exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"658-668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential Segregation and Colorectal Cancer Screening in the United States, 2010 to 2018.","authors":"Eduardo J Santiago-Rodriguez, Salma Shariff-Marco, Zinzi D Bailey, Justin S White, Isabel E Allen, Robert A Hiatt","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1424","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Residential segregation limits the access to resources, primarily because of disinvestment. This study evaluated the association between residential segregation and colorectal cancer screening in the United States and whether findings differed by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Restricted National Health Interview Survey data (2010-2018) were used to ascertain colorectal cancer screening adherence per US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. Residential segregation was operationalized using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), based on income, race, and ethnicity information obtained from the 2014 to 2018 American Community Survey estimates for counties. Multivariable logistic regression models with robust variance estimators accounting for within-county correlation were used. Analyses were stratified by race and ethnicity and weighted to represent the US population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this cross-sectional study (n = 44,690), participants residing in less advantaged counties had lower colorectal cancer screening adherence than those residing in the most advantaged counties [Q1 vs. Q5, OR (95% confidence interval): ICE income, 0.77 (0.70-0.86); ICE race, 0.86 (0.77-0.96); ICE race + income, 0.75 (0.67-0.84)]. In analyses stratified by race and ethnicity, we observed that overall findings were mostly driven by White people and estimates were less precise with no clear gradients among racial and ethnic minoritized groups. Among Black participants, colorectal cancer screening did not vary across quintiles of economic segregation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residential segregation was associated with colorectal cancer screening.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Interventions aimed at improving colorectal cancer screening uptake in the United States should address structural barriers present in areas with higher concentrations of low-income minoritized racial and ethnic groups and how features of residential segregation might differentially affect racial and ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"705-713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Polygenic Risk Score for Late Bladder Toxicity Following Radiotherapy for Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Manzur Farazi, Xin Yang, Carson J Gehl, Gillian C Barnett, Neil G Burnet, Jenny Chang-Claude, Christopher C Parker, Alison M Dunning, David Azria, Ananya Choudhury, Tiziana Rancati, Dirk De Ruysscher, Petra Seibold, Elena Sperk, Christopher J Talbot, Liv Veldeman, Adam J Webb, Rebecca Elliott, Miguel E Aguado-Barrera, Ana M Carballo, Olivia Fuentes-Ríos, Antonio Gómez-Caamaño, Paula Peleteiro, Ana Vega, Harry Ostrer, Barry S Rosenstein, Shiro Saito, Matthew Parliament, Nawaid Usmani, Brian Marples, Yuhchyau Chen, Gary Morrow, Edward Messing, Michelle C Janelsins, William Hall, Catharine M L West, Paul L Auer, Sarah L Kerns","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1228","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Late bladder toxicity is a concern for patients receiving prostate cancer radiotherapy and negatively affects survivors. Few risk factors are known beyond the radiation dose and volume of bladder exposed. A polygenic risk score (PRS) could identify susceptible patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PRS was built using genome-wide association results from the Radiogenomics Consortium (N = 3,988) and then tested in the prospective REQUITE and URWCI studies (N = 2,034). The primary outcome was time to patient-reported gross [grade ≥2, (≥G2)] hematuria, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Secondary outcomes were ≥G2 urinary retention and frequency. The PRS was externally validated for clinically diagnosed irradiation cystitis in the UK Biobank (N = 8,430). A gene-burden test evaluated rare coding variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 115-variant PRS was associated with a significantly increased risk of ≥G2 hematuria [hazard ratio (HR) per SD = 1.22; P = 0.009] as well as urinary retention (HR per SD = 1.18; P = 0.016) and frequency (HR per SD = 1.14; P = 0.036). When binarized, men in the upper decile (PRShigh) had a >2-fold increased risk of hematuria after adjusting for clinical risk factors [HR = 2.12; P = 0.002; Harrel's concordance index = 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.76)]. A similar effect size was seen in the UK Biobank for clinically diagnosed irradiation cystitis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.15; P = 0.026]. The burden test identified BOD1L1 as a putative novel radiosensitivity gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This PRS identifies susceptible patients and could guide the selection of those needing reoptimized treatment plans that spare the bladder beyond currently recommended constraints.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>PRS-guided treatment planning in radiation oncology could lower the incidence of clinically relevant bladder toxicity and reduce the impact of this outcome on prostate cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"795-804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causal Relationship between Telomere Length and Cancer Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Su Hyun Lee, Dae Sub Song, Un Chong Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Kyoungho Lee","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1168","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Telomere length (TL) shortens with age and is associated with an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases. However, the causal direction of the association between TL and cancer risk remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the causal impact of TL on cancer risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genome-wide association studies from Singapore and China data, the Korean Cancer Prevention Study II (KCPS-II), the Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study, and the Biobank of Japan were utilized. A two-sample MR study was performed using summary-level genome-wide association study data from individuals of East Asian ancestry. SNPs associated with TL were used as instrumental variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longer TL per 1-SD increase due to germline genetic variants was associated with a higher risk of site-specific cancer. In the KCPS-II and Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study, the strongest association was observed with thyroid cancer {OR, 2.49 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79-3.47] and 2.27 (1.49-3.46)}, followed by lung cancer [OR, 2.19 (95% CI, 1.60-3.08) and 1.45 (1.12-1.87)]. Similar results were observed in the Biobank of Japan, with OR, 2.92 (95% CI, 1.75-4.88) for thyroid cancer and 2.04 (1.41-2.94) for lung cancer. In histologic subgroup analysis of KCPS-II, a significant relationship was found with lung adenocarcinoma [OR, 2.26 (95% CI, 1.55-3.31)] but not with lung squamous cell carcinoma (1.21, 0.47-3.06). After removing outlier SNPs in the radial MR analysis, significant associations were identified for both lung adenocarcinoma [OR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.25-2.82)] and lung squamous cell carcinoma (2.29, 1.05-4.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that longer TL increases the risk of various cancers in East Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Genetically determined longer TL may contribute to a risk of certain cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"737-743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversal of Head and Neck Cancer Risk after the Cessation of Use of Smokeless Tobacco and Betel Quid Use: Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kriya Shah, Paolo Boffetta, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1502","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of smokeless tobacco and betel quid is a significant risk factor for head and neck cancer, posing a major global public health concern. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of cessation of the use of these products on head and neck cancer risk to guide interventions. Case-control and cohort studies were found through PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. Two independent reviewers screened studies and then extracted data. RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different product cessation were calculated from raw data and meta-analyzed by using random-effects models. A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings were predominantly derived from Asian (n = 9) studies in which betel quid use is widespread. Results showed reduced head and neck cancer risk following cessation of betel quid use with (RR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.81) or without tobacco (RR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95). However, other tobacco chewing products showed an RR of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.75-1.53). Long-term cessation (≥20 years) conferred substantial benefits (RR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.61; risk estimates = 4). The study highlights the importance of cessation programs and targeted interventions to encourage smokeless tobacco quitting. Future research includes conducting detailed subgroup analyses based on cancer subsites and smokeless tobacco product types.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"619-626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALDH2 Deficiency and Alcohol Intake in the United States: Opportunity for Precision Cancer Prevention.","authors":"Danielle Forman, Manxi Yang, Ryan Chien, Hester Nguyen, Caressa Wong, Jacqueline H J Kim, Argyrios Ziogas, Hannah Lui Park","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1296","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcoholic beverages and the main metabolite of alcohol, acetaldehyde, are known carcinogens. A genetic variant in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, G>A, rs671) leads to decreased efficiency in metabolizing acetaldehyde and is associated with an increased cancer risk. As alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for various cancers, the identification of ALDH2 deficiency presents an opportunity for precision cancer prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our primary objectives were to examine the prevalence of ALDH2 deficiency and alcohol consumption behavior among affected individuals within a large, diverse US national cohort. The prevalence of ALDH2 deficiency was determined by examining the rs671 genotype among 311,290 participants within the All of Us Research Program. Relationships among self-reported alcohol consumption, sociodemographic factors, and the rs671 genotype were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ALDH2 deficiency was most prevalent among individuals who identified as Asian, among whom 23.5% had at least one deficient ALDH2 allele compared with <2.5% in all other racial/ethnic groups. Among those with one and two deficient ALDH2 alleles, 61.2% and 24.4% reported drinking in the past year, respectively, and of these, 30.3% and 16.0% reported binge drinking. Multivariable analysis showed that ALDH2 genotype, sex, age, race, education, income, employment, marital status, and country of birth were associated with alcohol consumption behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most individuals with ALDH2 deficiency reported drinking alcohol in the past year, and consumption was associated with various sociodemographic variables, particularly sex, age, and country of birth.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our findings suggest a significant opportunity for precision cancer prevention targeting the unique prevalence of ALDH2 deficiency among Asian Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"744-753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Differences in Colorectal Adenomas at Screening Colonoscopy in the United States.","authors":"Yuqi Wu, Piet C de Groen, Nabil Natafgi, Chao Cai, Dezhi Wu, Sudha Xirasagar","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1609","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Black Americans experience a higher incidence of colorectal cancer than Whites despite undergoing prevention screenings similar to those of Whites since 2010. We compared the colorectal adenoma status of Black and White patients at screening colonoscopy, a measure of colorectal cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using cross-sectional, observational data, we studied colorectal adenomas at first-time screening colonoscopy in average-risk patients aged 40 to 89 years, screened between September 2001 and July 2016 in South Carolina. We analyzed the age-adjusted odds of Black men and women (vs. White) having adenomas, advanced adenomas, ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas, and right hyperplastic polyps, and compared their total polyp burden (the sum of the diameters of all adenomas and right polyps detected).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 28,100 patients (58.4% Black and 53.8% women), we found that Black patients had lower age- and gender-adjusted odds than White patients of having adenoma (OR = 0.88, P < 0.01) and right hyperplastic polyp (OR = 0.74, P < 0.01), with a similar pattern within gender groups. Black and White patients were similar about advanced adenoma and 3+ nonadvanced adenoma. Among patients with lesions, mean polyp burden ranged from 8.5 mm (±7.2) for Black women aged 40 to 49 years to 12.3 mm (±7.4) for Black men aged more than 70 years. Age-adjusted polyp burden was 0.4 mm higher for Black men than for White men and 0.3 mm lower for Black women than for White women patient groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a large, racially balanced patient sample, Black and White patients showed similar polyp profiles.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Given similar adenoma status, other evidence-supported clinical factors associated with suboptimal polyp detection should be explored to understand the continuing colorectal cancer disparities affecting Black Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"698-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Biomarker Models for Biologically Heterogeneous Cancers: A Nested Model Approach for Lung Cancer.","authors":"Palina Woodhouse, Laurel Jackson, Michael N Kammer, Caroline M Godfrey, Sanja Antic, Yong Zou, Patrick Meyers, Susan H Gawel, Fabien Maldonado, Eric L Grogan, Gerard J Davis, Stephen A Deppen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0523","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The heterogeneous biology of cancer subtypes, especially in lung cancer, poses significant challenges for biomarker development. Standard model building techniques often fall short in accurately incorporating various histologic subtypes because of their diverse biological characteristics. This study explores a nested biomarker model to address this issue, aiming to improve lung cancer early detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 337 patients from two clinical sites. Blood biomarkers were analyzed and various statistical methods employed to develop a nested model. This model was designed to account for the biological heterogeneity across histologic subtypes, compared against traditional logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient cohort included a range of malignant and benign nodules and included different cancer subtypes reflecting lung cancer heterogeneity. The nested model had comparable performance overall with the Mayo Clinic model and a standard logistic regression model with an AUC of 77.6 (95% confidence interval, 72.2-83.0) in training and 77.3 (95% confidence interval, 65.8-88.9) in testing. The nested subtype versus benign model had the best performance in the training set overall and had a particular advantage for small cell subtype prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the challenges cancer heterogeneity present for biomarker development and the potential for nested biomarker models to improve early cancer detection. Validation of this approach in larger cohorts is essential to prove its predictive benefit in biologically diverse cancers.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This work addresses the challenge of biological heterogeneity in biomarker development. A nested modeling approach may assist in developing more effective multicancer early detection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"788-794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}