Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Implementing HPV Vaccination Services in People Living with HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Brief Report.","authors":"Tessa Galindo, Jonathan Edwards, Gaole Song, Sharon Soyer, Selena Todd, Gregory Boyce, Kimlin T Ashing, Robert J Edwards","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, Caribbean countries are among the most heavily burdened by both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer. Due to their immune-compromised status, people living with HIV (PLWH) are more susceptible to Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a preliminary study evaluating HPV vaccination rates targeting PLWH in Trinidad and Tobago using data from local clinics. This study provided descriptive analysis results, including demographic characteristics of enrolled PLWH and HPV vaccination rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5,615 PLWH enrolled (age ranged from 18-51, with 51.4% women and 48.6% men). 1,178 patients (21.0%) received HPV vaccines: 22.8% were vaccinated with 1 dose, 25.6% were vaccinated with 2 doses, and 51.6% were vaccinated with 3 doses. The highest uptake of 22.3% was in 2021, followed by 20.1% in 2022, but in 2023, it dropped to 15.5%. Between 2018 and 2020, the uptakes were 13.6% for 2020, 12.7% for 2019, and 5.7% for 2018.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the HPV vaccination rates among PLWH in Trinidad and Tobago are low; only 1 in 5 was vaccinated.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Results suggest that by implementing comprehensive and targeted programs, clinics have the potential to successfully implement HPV vaccinations towards significantly reducing the incidence and mortality of HPV-related cancers and saving lives. There is a trend with the highest vaccination uptake during the peak years of COVID-19 vaccinations, with HPV vaccination rates almost doubling between 2019 and 2021. Hence, our data suggest that the COVID-19 vaccination program may have boosted HPV vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review on Barriers to Cancer Diagnosis and Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Kwabena Agbedinu, Sylvester Antwi, Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Patrick Kafui Akakpo, Harriet Larrious-Lartey, Valerie Ofori Aboah, Samuel Mensah, Veneranda Nyarko, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Josephine Nsaful, Rose Dampson, Michael Nortey, Ijeoma Aja, Mohammed Sheriff, Moses Abdulai Dokurugu, Nelson Affram, Alex Mremi, Theresia Mwakyembe, Moses Kamita, Linda Kaljee, Evelyn Jiagge","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately burdened by high mortality rates despite a lower overall incidence. Barriers to timely diagnosis and care exacerbate these disparities. This scoping review synthesize existing literature on barriers for women in LMICs following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies on women in LMICs reporting barriers to accessing care for breast, colorectal, lung, cervix uteri, thyroid, corpus uteri, and stomach cancers were included. 29 studies involving 7,031 participants were included. The most common barriers included financial challenges (65.5%), geographical obstacles (34.5%), health system limitations (55.2%), and low health literacy (51.7%). Patients experienced significant delays, averaging 7.4 months from symptom onset to diagnosis and 4.9 months from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Structural issues such as limited diagnostic services, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and healthcare provider shortages were widespread. Addressing the multifaceted barriers to cancer care in LMICs requires comprehensive strategies, including increasing financial support, decentralizing care services, improving healthcare infrastructure, and enhancing education for patients and providers. Policymakers and stakeholders should prioritize investments in cancer care to reduce disparities and improve outcomes. These findings will inform strategies for improving cancer care in low-resource settings globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying a novel measure of community-level healthcare access to assess breast cancer care timeliness.","authors":"Matthew R Dunn, Hongqian Niu, Didong Li, Marc A Emerson, Caroline A Thompson, Hazel B Nichols, Mya L Roberson, Stephanie B Wheeler, Terry Hyslop, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Melissa A Troester","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Geographic disparities in breast cancer outcomes exist. Few studies have examined community- and health system-level factors associated with care timeliness, an important measure of care quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Carolina Breast Cancer Study is a population-based cohort of 2,998 women with invasive breast cancer (2008-2013). Using latent class modeling, patients' census tracts of residence were characterized by healthcare accessibility and affordability. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ratings were used to classify hospitals as low- or high-quality. Six timeliness outcomes were assessed: 1) lacking pre-diagnostic regular care, 2) being under-screened, 3) late-stage diagnosis, 4) delayed treatment initiation, 5) prolonged treatment duration, and 6) lacking receipt of OncotypeDx genomic testing. Associations of geographic accessibility, healthcare affordability, and hospital-level quality with care timeliness were evaluated with frequency differences (RFDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to \"high accessibility, high affordability\" census tracts, patients residing in \"low accessibility, low affordability\" areas were more likely to be under-screened (RFD= 18.7%, CI: 13.0, 24.3), have late-stage diagnosis (RFD= 6.2%, CI: 2.4, 10.1), and experience prolonged treatment (RFD=6.9%, CI: 1.4, 12.3). \"High accessibility, low affordability\" areas had the highest frequency of treatment delay (RFD= 9.3%, CI: 3.9, 14.7). Initial surgery at a high-quality facility was associated with less delayed treatment (RFD= -3.9%, CI: -7.5, -0.4) and prolonged treatment (RFD= -5.9%, CI: -9.9, -1.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community- and health system-level factors were associated with timely breast cancer care.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Policy efforts to improve access in communities should consider multiple dimensions of access including geospatial accessibility and affordability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake with Breast Cancer Survival in a Diverse Population in the Pathways Study.","authors":"Li Tang, Zinian Wang, Hua-Hsin Hsiao, Marilyn L Kwan, Isaac J Ergas, Janise M Roh, Emily Valice, Song Yao, Qianqian Zhu, Charles P Quesenberry, Christine B Ambrosone, Lawrence H Kushi","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beneficial effects of cruciferous vegetable intake on breast cancer survival have long been postulated because they are primary sources of isothiocyanates, phytochemicals with multifaceted anticancer activities. However, observational studies have reported inconsistent results. We hypothesized that variations in vegetable types and polymorphisms in isothiocyanate-metabolizing genes across self-identified race and ethnicity contribute to such inconsistencies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2005-2013 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, cruciferous vegetable intake was assessed at diagnosis using food frequency questionnaires. Functional polymorphisms in isothiocyanate-metabolizing genes were identified in the literature and genotyped. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analysis included 3,656 participants (2,489 non-Hispanic White, 241 Black, 463 Asian, 378 Hispanic, and 85 others).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An overall inverse association between cruciferous vegetable intake and risk of total invasive events, including recurrence, second primary cancers, and death, was observed in age-adjusted models (HR and 95% CI per serving, 0.86, 0.77 to 0.97), whereas no significant dose-dependent associations were observed in multivariable analyses (HR and 95% CI per serving, 0.91, 0.78 to 1.05). Within racial and ethnic groups, significant associations were observed with different individual vegetables and in women with certain genotypes of isothiocyanate-metabolizing genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vegetable types and isothiocyanate-metabolizing gene polymorphisms affect the associations of cruciferous vegetable intake with breast cancer survival.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of considering race and ethnicity when evaluating cruciferous vegetable intake in breast cancer survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander females and survival from breast cancer.","authors":"Alice R T Bergin, Luc Te Marvelde, Roger L Milne, Luis E Lara Gonzalez, Katie Meehan, Lisa J Spalding, Leanne Pilkington, Benjamin Dessauvagie, Jia-Min B Pang, Franco Caramia, Peter Savas, Jasmine Kay, Jianan Wang, Stephen J Luen, Jay Hamman, Andrea Casey, Nicole Watt, Roberto Salgado, Andrew D Redfern, Sue Evans, Gail Garvey, Sherene Loi","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Despite access to universal health care, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander females (hereafter respectfully referred to as Aboriginal) in Australia have higher breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. We investigated factors contributing to these survival disparities. Methods Aboriginal females (n=395; 0.7%) and non-Aboriginal females (n=57 618; 99.3%) with breast cancer were identified from Victoria, Australia. Clinical, pathological, demographic, and socioeconomic variables were analyzed. Endpoints were all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) were evaluated from a subset of Aboriginal females and compared to females in TCGA. Results Registry data revealed that Aboriginal females were younger (P<0.001), had more advanced stage disease (P=0.007), were more likely to live in non-metropolitan areas (P<0.001) and in areas of greater disadvantage (P<0.001) compared to other females, at diagnosis. Age-adjusted multivariate analysis revealed a higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.27, 95%CI 1-1.61) for Aboriginal females, but this risk diminished for breast cancer specific mortality and after adjustment for stage and grade. Breast cancers from Aboriginal females had significantly reduced sTILs in the luminal and triple-negative subtypes, compared to TCGA. Conclusions Mortality for females with breast cancer was influenced by socio-economic, geographic and clinical factors. Notably, Aboriginal females with tumour features typically associated with favourable outcomes, experienced poorer outcomes. The reduced immune infiltrate warrants further investigation. Impact These findings highlight the need to address socioeconomic inequities and ensure culturally safe cancer care. Further research should explore biological and environmental factors influencing outcomes for Australian Aboriginal females.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Depression and Anxiety in Kidney Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Minji Jung, Mingyi Li, Eunjung Choo, Sukhyang Lee, David Spiegel, Michael Baiocchi, Zhengyi Deng, Jinhui Li, Marvin E Langston, Melissa L Bondy, Benjamin I Chung","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression and anxiety have a high prevalence among kidney cancer survivors. We aimed to evaluate their cumulative incidence trajectories and associations between kidney cancer diagnosis and incidence of these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based cohort study used the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance and Medical Checkup Linkage Database. We included adults (≥20 years) diagnosed with kidney cancer (2010-2020; i.e., cancer survivors), along with age- and sex-matched noncancer comparators. We quantified the empirical risk trajectory of depression and anxiety for up to 5 years following diagnosis and conducted weighted Cox regressions to estimate time-dependent HRs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) within three time intervals: 0 to 1, 1 to 3, and 3 to 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the empirical risks, survivors (n = 24,310) had higher risks of depression (2.8% vs. 2.2%) and anxiety (3.3% vs. 2.6%) compared with comparators (n = 173,471). For the associations, survivors (n = 16,049) had an increased hazard of depression (HR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.52-2.42) and anxiety (HR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.31-2.02) compared with comparators (n = 100,782) in the first year. During the subsequent 1 to 3 years, survivors experienced an increased hazard of anxiety (HR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.62). Trends of decreasing HRs for both disorders were observed across successive time intervals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Kidney cancer survivors had a higher rate of depression and anxiety, especially during the early phase following diagnosis, compared with the noncancer population.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our findings emphasize the need for early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders, highlighting the integration of mental health care into oncology settings. They also inform future research on prevention and treatment strategies, focusing on timing and high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"OF1-OF9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Diagnosis of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings.","authors":"Spencer Ellis, Steven Song, Derek Reiman, Xuan Hui, Renyu Zhang, Mohammad Hasan Shahriar, Maria Argos, Mohammed Kamal, Christopher R Shea, Robert L Grossman, Aly A Khan, Habibul Ahsan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early and precise diagnosis is vital to improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity. In resource-limited settings, cancer diagnosis is often challenging due to shortages of expert pathologists. We assess the effectiveness of general-purpose pathology foundation models (FMs) for the diagnosis and annotation of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated three pathology FMs (UNI, PRISM, and Prov-GigaPath) using de-identified NMSC histology images from the Bangladesh Vitamin E and Selenium Trial to predict cancer subtype based on zero-shot whole slide embeddings. In addition, we evaluated tile aggregation methods and machine learning models for prediction. Lastly, we employed few-shot learning of PRISM tile embeddings to perform whole slide annotation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the best model used PRISM's aggregated tile embeddings to train a multi-layer perceptron model (MLP) to predict NMSC subtype (mean AUROC=0.925; p<0.001). Within the other FMs, we found that using attention-based multi-instance learning to aggregate tile embeddings to train an MLP model was optimal (UNI: mean AUROC=0.913; p<0.001; Prov-GigaPath: mean AUROC=0.908, p<0.001). We finally exemplify the utility of few-shot annotation in computation- and expertise-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the important role FMs may play in confronting public health challenges and exhibits a real-world potential for machine learning aided cancer diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Pathology foundation models offer a promising pathway to improve early and precise NMSC diagnosis, especially in resource-limited environments. These tools could also facilitate patient stratification and recruitment for prospective clinical trials aimed at improving NMSC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Human Papillomavirus genotyping by research vs. clinical assay for two self-collection devices.","authors":"Diane M Harper, Alisa P Young, Marie Claire O'Dwyer, Mutiya Olorunfemi, Anna Laurie, Ananda Sen, Dongru Chen, Leigh Morrison, Scott A Kelley, Anna McEvoy, Jill Schneiderhan, Pamela Rockwell, Philip Zazove, Jonathan Gabison, Jane E Chargot, Kristina Gallagher, Julie Prussack, Emma A Butcher, Martha L Alves, Elizabeth A Haro, Christelle El Khoury, Roger Smith, Natalie Saunders, Elizabeth Campbell, Heather M Walline","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HPV assays and self-collection devices for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection have evolved. We aim to compare two self-sampling devices against speculum-based testing for HPV genotype agreement and their accuracy for CIN2+ disease. Secondarily, we aim to compare two HPV assays for different HPV genotype detection agreement and their accuracy for CIN2+ disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women from colposcopy (N=97) and primary care (N=96) were block randomized to two different self-sampling devices. Self-sampling and speculum-collected pairs of HPV specimens were analyzed with the research assay. A second speculum-collected specimen provided clinical results using the clinical HPV assay. Agreement (prevalence-based kappa) and accuracy (sensitivity/specificity ratios) provided the statistical comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two devices did not differ in their kappa agreement scores for overall HPV detection compared to the speculum collected sample (K=0.83 (0.72, 0.94) and Κ=0.90 (0.81,0.98), respectively, Exact McNemar's non-significant). The two devices did not differ in accuracy as measured by relative sensitivity/specificity for overall HPV at the CIN2+ disease threshold (1.0 (0.15, 6.77) and (1.19 (0.56, 2.54), respectively. The two assays did not differ in HPV agreement, nor assay accuracy for CIN2+ (n=10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HPV self-sampling devices robustly detected high-risk HPV types for cervical cancer screening when using the research assay to compare them. Both research and clinical HPV assays provide equivalent HPV detection for specific and aggregated HPV types Impact:This study provides a US-based population to show that self-collection for primary HPV testing is accurate for CIN2+ detection with multiple devices using a validated HPV assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Review of Major Modifiable Cancer Risk Factors, HPV Vaccination, and Cancer Screenings in the United States: 2025 Update.","authors":"Priti Bandi, Jessica Star, Natalia Mazzitelli, Nigar Nargis, Farhad Islami, Rebecca L Siegel, K Robin Yabroff, Ahmedin Jemal","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents national- and state-level prevalence of major modifiable cancer risk factors, human papillomavirus vaccination, and cancer screenings among US adults in the years during and after the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic years. Smoking prevalence declined to 11% in 2023 from 14.2% in 2019, but prevalence remained higher among American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, Black males, lower-educated individuals, and bisexual females. Menthol-flavored cigarettes, which increase smoking uptake and reduce cessation success, were used by 36.3% of currently smoking adults in 2023; this level is more than double in Black individuals (75.6%). Excess body weight prevalence during August 2021 to August 2023 (overweight: 31.8%; obesity: 40.4%) was stable compared to levels during 2017 to March 2020. Remaining unchanged from 2020, more than half (51.5%) of adults reported not meeting recommended aerobic activity levels, and 6.4% reported heavy alcohol use in 2022. Diverging from the previously increasing trend, up-to-date human papillomavirus vaccination prevalence was flat between 2021 and 2023 (61.4% in ages 13-17 years). Rebounding from declines or flat trends noted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendation-concordant prevalence increased from 2019 to 2023 for breast (79.9%) and colorectal (60.4%) cancer screening. Ongoing surveillance with reliable population-representative survey datasets is essential to track progress and develop effective cancer prevention and control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"OF1-OF14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing, validating and testing non-vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus to control for differences in sexual behaviour when evaluating HPV vaccination.","authors":"Emily Dema, Jaimie Z Shing, Marta Checchi, Simon Beddows, Danping Liu, Monica S Sierra, Cameron B Haas, Kate Soldan, Nigel Field, Aimee R Kreimer, Pam Sonnenberg","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluating impact/effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination generally assumes stability in factors driving transmission, which might not be valid. We aimed to develop, validate, and test a grouping of non-vaccine-preventable HPV (NVP-HPV) types as a molecular indicator associated with sexual behaviours to control for changes in HPV transmission risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-2, 1999-2001, N=1,849; Natsal-3, 2010-2012, N=2,407) to validate the association of NVP-HPV (26/53/66/70/73) with self-reported sexual behaviours. We calculated NVP-HPV-adjusted HPV16/18 vaccine impact/effectiveness estimates in two real-world scenarios: 1) Natsal-2/Natsal-3 (sexually-experienced women in Britain, 18-44yrs) and 2) England's HPV surveillance (women 16-24yrs) (2008, N=3,539; 2010-2020, N=24,707). Samples (urine/vulvo-vaginal swabs) were tested for 21 HPV genotypes (6/11/16/18/26/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/53/56/58/59/66/68/70/73/82) using an in-house multiplex PCR and Luminex-based genotyping assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NVP-HPV infection was strongly associated with sexual behaviours (e.g., younger age sexual debut, partner numbers). In Natsal data, adjusting for NVP-HPV did not change vaccine impact estimates (unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR: 0.50 (0.27-0.95), adjusted PR: 0.45 (0.25-0.82)). In the second scenario, adjusting for NVP-HPV did not change the prevalence ratio for HPV16/18 comparing 2020 to 2010 (0.07 (0.030.15), unadjusted and adjusted PR). In both scenarios, prevalence of NVP-HPV did not change over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have demonstrated proof-of-concept that NVP-HPV is strongly associated with sexual behaviours. Adjusting for NVP-HPV in two datasets found that original estimates were robust.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>NVP-HPV might be used to control for changes in HPV transmission risk over time and between groups when evaluating vaccination impact/effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}