Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Differences in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Lung, Breast, and Prostate Cancers.","authors":"Jordan Fenlon, Nathan Van Bibber, Jonathon Mahlow, Kosj Yamoah, Alex C Soupir, Jonathan V Nguyen, Carlos Moran Segura, Adam M Spivak, Beatrice S Knudsen, Qin Zhou, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Sonam Puri, Wei Zhang, Yoko S DeRose, Gita Suneja, Anna E Coghill","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1421","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer outcomes in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) may be driven in part by a distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) for cancers that develop in the setting of persistent immune dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumor samples from PWH were retrospectively obtained from the AIDS Cancer Specimen Resource, Moffitt Cancer Center, and Huntsman Cancer Institute. Staining of 22 different tumor immune markers was compared between PWH and cancer and patients diagnosed with the same cancer type but without human immunodeficiency virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 292 samples were analyzed, with 51 samples obtained from PWH (lung cancer = 17; breast cancer = 14; and prostate cancer = 20). Cells positive for PD-1 were observed more frequently in PWH and lung cancer [OR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-3.45], whereas CD11b+ cells were observed less frequently (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.17-0.93). Three immune markers showed higher abundance in PWH and breast cancer, including PD-L1 (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.52-6.91), CD14 (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.14-10.0), and FOXP3 (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03-3.53). In PWH and prostate cancer, the abundance of five immune markers was higher, including PD-L1 (OR, 5.94; 95% CI, 3.77-9.34), whereas three markers had lower abundance including CD14 (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.74), as well as CD16 and CD11c.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study showed that differences in the TME exist for PWH diagnosed with age-related non-AIDS-defining cancers. Future work evaluating TME differences in relation to clinical endpoints is needed.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Findings are consistent with the hypothesis of altered tumorigenesis for cancers developing in an environment of immunosuppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"860-867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in PSA Levels by Age, Adiposity, Race and Ethnicity, and Genetic Risk: Implications for Prostate Cancer Screening.","authors":"Kevin H Kensler, Shakuntala Baichoo, Mathias Nuris-Souquet, Faith Morley, Michelle Lee-Bravatti, Pranoti Pradhan, Charlotte Roscoe, Barbra A Dickerman, Hari S Iyer, Timothy R Rebbeck","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1710","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefit-to-harm ratio of PSA-based prostate cancer screening may be improved through implementation of PSA reference ranges that consider innate individual characteristics. We evaluated variation in PSA levels by factors that may influence PSA levels among men eligible to undergo prostate cancer screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified men ages 40 to 79 years in the All of Us Research Program who had no history of prostate cancer or elevated PSA at cohort enrollment. PSA distributions were compared across age groups, self-identified race or ethnicity (SIRE), body mass index (BMI), polygenic risk score (PRS) for prostate cancer risk, and PRS for PSA level. Multivariable associations between these factors and PSA percentiles were evaluated using quantile regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 13,749 eligible men, 95th percentiles (p95) of PSA values increased with age (40-49 years: 1.81 ng/mL, 50-59 years: 3.23 ng/mL, 60-69 years: 4.15 ng/mL, and 70-79 years: 5.53 ng/mL). p95 of PSA was 0.83 ng/mL lower [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-0.1.22] among participants with BMI 35 to 39 kg/m2 versus <25 kg/m2. p95 of PSA was 2.32 ng/mL higher (95% CI, 1.20-3.44) among those with PRS for prostate cancer >90th percentile versus ≤50th percentile and 1.21 ng/mL higher (95% CI, 0.50-1.92) among males with PRS for PSA >90th percentile versus ≤50th percentile. SIRE was not consistently associated with PSA levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSA levels vary by age, BMI, and PRS but not SIRE. Further work is needed to understand how tailoring PSA reference ranges based on these characteristics would affect screening outcomes.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Consideration of factors that endogenously influence PSA levels may lead to improved benefit-to-harm ratios of prostate cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"972-981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genital, Oral, and Anal Type-specific Human Papillomavirus Concordance within Individuals and between Partners.","authors":"Alissa Moore, Mariam El-Zein, Ann N Burchell, Pierre-Paul Tellier, François Coutlée, Eduardo L Franco","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1843","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studying human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype concordance between male and female partners and between multiple anatomic sites can help our understanding of HPV epidemiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Heterosexual couples ages 18+ formed within the past 6 months attended visits at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. They answered questionnaires and provided genital, oral, and anal samples for HPV genotyping. We calculated observed/expected (O/E) concordance [with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] between anatomic sites of HPV genotype-specific infections across all visits and cumulatively (i.e., ever-positivity). We used mixed-effects logistic regression with random intercepts at the person level to estimate ORs for concordance and to assess predictors of genital HPV detection and partner concordance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within-individual O/E genital/anal concordance was 23.37 (CI, 15.55-38.05) for females and 14.79 (CI, 9.20-43.45) for males, whereas genital/genital O/E concordance between partners was 14.99 (CI, 12.47-18.41). Genital/genital concordance for ever-positivity within couples was substantial: O/E: 10.06 (CI, 8.55-12.12), with ORs of 70.75 (CI, 43.70-114.56) for females and 67.34 (CI, 41.96-108.06) for males. Significant predictors of genital ever-positivity were one's partner's ever-positivity, ORs of 66.2 (CI, 40.96-107.08) in females and 61.53 (CI, 38.19-99.14) in males, and age above the median in females and males, ORs of 1.66 (CI, 1.06-2.59) in females and 1.95 (CI, 1.30-2.91) in males. Concordance doubled (OR, 1.96; CI, 1.12-3.46) with occasions of intimacy above the median.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed substantial genital/anal concordance within individuals (particularly females) and genital/genital concordance between partners. Certain sociodemographic and behavioral factors influenced concordance.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Findings shed light on HPV natural history and transmissibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"850-859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity Measures in Studies of Cancer Early Detection Biomarkers.","authors":"Yibai Zhao, Roman Gulati, Jane Lange, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Sana Raoof, Yingye Zheng, Ziding Feng, Ruth Etzioni","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1849","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sensitivity of a cancer screening biomarker to detect prevalent preclinical cancer drives screening benefit. Studies estimate sensitivity at different points in the biomarker development process. We examine how closely these estimates reflect the sensitivity to detect preclinical cancer (preclinical sensitivity).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We posit that preclinical sensitivity is inversely proportional to the preclinical sojourn time. We simulate studies and estimates of sensitivity corresponding to the Early Detection Research Network's Phases of Biomarker Development. Sensitivity estimates based on clinically diagnosed cases (phase II, clinical sensitivity), archived-sample studies (phase III, archived-sample sensitivity), and prospectively screened cohorts (phases IV and V, prospective empirical sensitivity) are defined and compared against the corresponding expected preclinical sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical sensitivity is generally optimistic. Archived-sample sensitivity is optimistic near clinical diagnosis but may be pessimistic at longer look-back intervals, with bias also dependent on test specificity. Prospective empirical sensitivity is optimistic when the sojourn time is long relative to the screening interval. Bias in prospective empirical sensitivity also depends on the frequency and accuracy of confirmation testing following a positive screening test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sensitivity estimates from different phases of biomarker development should be distinguished and labeled accordingly to facilitate a realistic assessment of diagnostic performance and prediction of potential benefit.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our study highlights the need for clearer terminology to describe the sensitivity of cancer early detection biomarkers. We introduce new labels, explain biases in sensitivity estimates, and advocate for improved communication to enhance understanding of diagnostic test performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"944-951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Skin Cancer Risk Reduction Interventions for Young Adults: Findings from a Hybrid Type-II Effectiveness-Implementation Trial.","authors":"Carolyn J Heckman, Elizabeth A Handorf, Anna Mitarotondo, Olga Khavjou, Sharon L Manne, Amy L Yaroch, Karen Glanz","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1636","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engagement in sun protection behaviors is low among young adults (ages 18-25 years). Efficacious sun safety interventions for this at-risk population and information on intervention engagement and costs are needed. The purpose was to conduct secondary analyses examining intervention implementation strategies and outcomes (e.g., engagement), intervention moderators, and costs of three digital interventions to increase sun protection behaviors previously evaluated for effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The randomized controlled trial compared three conditions: a basic efficacious intervention, an enhanced version of the intervention, and an educational e-pamphlet. Sun protection measures, intervention engagement and implementation, putative moderators, and intervention costs were assessed through 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Engagement (4.6 of 12 modules completed) was similar for basic and enhanced interventions. Engagement was significantly associated with sun protection. Men and individuals with lower tanning ability completed more modules than women and those with higher tanning ability. Enhanced was more effective than basic for men (but not women) through 1 year. After initial development, both active interventions were similar in cost per person at larger sample sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite attempts at enhancement, engagement in basic and enhanced was similar. Although all interventions were costly to create, they were less costly to maintain and could be scaled up for dissemination. Based on both engagement and effects on sun protection, the enhanced intervention would be recommended for men, women, or both.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This digital intervention offers the potential to reduce skin cancer risk in a large population of US young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"962-971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Attributable Fraction of Diabetes on the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Overall and by Specific Cancer Sites in a Cohort Study.","authors":"Shu-Lin Chuang, Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chu, Yi-Chen Juan, Ting-Chuan Wang, Yen-Yun Yang, Ting-Ann Wang, Ying-Ting Chao, Pei-Ju Lin, Yu-Cih Yang, Yu-Chun Wang, Chu-Lin Tsai, Wei-Shiung Yang, Yi-Chia Lee, Chi-Ling Chen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1632","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to assess the population attributable fraction (PAF) of diabetes on the gastrointestinal cancers overall and by specific cancer sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed healthcare data from Taiwan (2006-2019) for 2,362,587 patients with and without diabetes. Gastrointestinal cancers were identified via cancer registry data. Poisson regression calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with propensity score-matched patients without diabetes as the reference. PAFs estimated cancer incidence attributable to diabetes by sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>80,186 patients with diabetes (mean age, 63.3 years; 47.3% women) were matched with 152,323 patients without diabetes (62.7 years; 48.0% women). By the end of 2021, 2,659 of 80,186 patients with diabetes (incidence rate: 3.89 per 1,000 person-years) developed gastrointestinal cancers compared with 4,150 of 152,323 (incidence rate: 3.04 per 1,000 person-years) patients without diabetes. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal cancers (adjusted IRR of 1.24, 95% CI, 1.18-1.30; PAF: 4.4%, 95% CI, 3.1%-5.8%). The increased risk was primarily driven by pancreatic cancer (adjusted IRR: 1.77, 95% CI, 1.51-2.09; PAF: 12.9%, 95% CI, 7.9%-18.6%) and colorectal cancer (adjusted IRR: 1.28, 95% CI, 1.17-1.39; PAF: 5.1%, 95% CI, 3.0%-7.5%), with a borderline association for liver cancer (adjusted IRR: 1.08, 95% CI, 1.00-1.17; PAF: 1.5%, 95% CI, -0.3% to 3.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of overall gastrointestinal cancers, largely attributable to pancreatic and colorectal cancers.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Integrating cancer prevention into the objectives of optimal diabetes management is important, especially for cancers with limited screening options.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1007-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER-Medicare Database.","authors":"Kuangyu Liu, Chun-Pin Esther Chang, Shane Lloyd, Randa Tao, Timothy Nguyen, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Mia Hashibe","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0037","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although colorectal cancer survival rates are improving, the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (ANHPI) ethnic groups is poorly understood. This study aims to identify high-risk groups and quantify the risk across different periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the SEER-Medicare database, colorectal cancer survivors who were ANHPI were matched to non-Hispanic White (NHW) survivors at a ratio of 1:3. Multivariable Cox regression models computed HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident T2D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 6,463 NHW and 2,901 ANHPI colorectal cancer survivors diagnosed between 2000 and 2017. Among them, 715 NHW and 484 ANHPI developed T2D during 39,097 and 10,769 person-years of follow-up, respectively. ANHPI colorectal cancer survivors had an elevated T2D risk compared with NHW across all follow-up periods (HRoverall: 1.84, 95% CI, 1.51-2.25; HR1-5 years: 1.83, 95% CI, 1.45-2.30). Southeast and East Asians demonstrated the highest T2D risks. Colon cancer was linked to early postdiagnosis T2D risk, whereas rectal cancer was associated with later risk. No significant association was observed for Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ANHPI colorectal cancer survivors face a greater risk of T2D, particularly among Southeast and East Asians. These findings highlight the need for evidence-based survivorship strategies to prevent T2D and reduce ethnic disparities.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This is the first study to examine T2D risk among ANHPI colorectal cancer survivors, providing critical insights to inform tailored diabetes prevention and survivorship care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"998-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Breast Tumor Immune Microenvironment of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathogenic Variant Carriers Is Enriched with Tumor-Associated Macrophages.","authors":"Rebecca L Kelly, Yuxi Liu, Alexandra R Harris, Cheng Peng, Yujing J Heng, Gabrielle M Baker, Daniel G Stover, Rulla M Tamimi, Peter Kraft","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1692","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 5% of patients with breast cancer have a rare pathogenic germline genetic variant that is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Mutations in more than 12 genes have been associated with hereditary breast cancer risk, many of which are involved in genome stability pathways, including DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. We hypothesized that carriers of DSB repair-related pathogenic variants (PV) may have a distinct tumor immune environment that differs from that of noncarriers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized tumor transcriptome data from 559 participants with invasive breast cancer from the Nurses' Health Studies and Nurses' Health Studies II to infer immune-related gene expression signatures and immune cell abundance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three (5.9%) individuals had germline DSB repair-related PVs in one or more of the following genes: ATM, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, FANCC, FANCM, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51C, and/or RECQL. In covariate-adjusted analyses, DSB repair-related PV carrier status was positively associated with both a STAT1 signature (standardized β = 0.59; P = 3.5 × 10-3) and inferred M1 macrophage infiltration (standardized β = 0.56; P = 1.4 × 10-3). Furthermore, these immune features correlated with other features related to tumor IFN response signaling, suggesting that this enrichment is occurring in an inflammatory context.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that breast tumors of DSB repair-related PV carriers have distinct immune features, which may have therapeutic implications in this high-risk population.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>These results support further characterization of macrophage characteristics and abundance in the breast tumor microenvironment of DSB repair-related PV carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"868-874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Lifestyle Index and Breast Cancer Risk among Postmenopausal Women: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.","authors":"Bethany T Ogbenna, Xin He, Anna H Wu, Loïc Le Marchand, Lynne R Wilkens, James Butler, Typhanye Dyer, Iona Cheng, Cher M Dallal","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1181","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consistent evidence supports a reduction in breast cancer risk with a high healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score; however, this relationship has not been well studied in multiethnic populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within the multiethnic cohort study, we followed 65,561 African American, Japanese American, Latina, Native Hawaiian, and White postmenopausal women for incident invasive breast cancer (n = 4,555, mean 19.2 years). The HLI summed seven components with higher scores assigned to healthier behaviors: diet quality, physical activity, sedentary behavior, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and sleep duration. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted HRs (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between the HLI score [continuous and tertiles (T)] and breast cancer risk overall, stratified by race and ethnicity and hormone receptor status. Multiplicative interaction by race and ethnicity (P-int) and heterogeneity of effect by hormone receptor status (P-het) were assessed by the Wald test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher HLI scores were associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk [aHRcont: 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94-0.97), P < 0.0001; aHRT2vsT1: 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85-0.99), aHRT3vsT1: 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75-0.87), P-trend < 0.01] with similar risk reductions observed across racial and ethnic groups (P-trend ≤ 0.05; P-int = 0.96). Similar findings were observed with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (overall: P-trend < 0.01; P-int = 0.90); no significant associations were observed with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer (P-trend > 0.05; P-int = 0.64; P-het = 0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher HLI scores are associated with breast cancer risk reductions overall by race and ethnicity and hormone receptor status.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Engaging in healthy lifestyle behaviors may reduce breast cancer risk among a multiethnic population of postmenopausal women. See related In the Spotlight, p. 833.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"875-884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States Who Vape and/or Smoke Tobacco or Do Neither.","authors":"David Hammond, Jessica L Reid, Maciej L Goniewicz, Ann McNeill, Richard J O'Connor, Danielle Corsetti, Leonie S Brose, Bradley Schurr, Deborah Robson","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1338","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies examine biomarkers of exposure to vaping and tobacco products among youth. We compared biomarkers for toxicants between youth who vape, smoke, \"dual-use\", or neither.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants ages 16 to 19 years in Canada, England, and the United States completed surveys and self-collected urine samples between September 2019 and January 2022 (N = 364). Urine was tested for metabolites of tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) and six volatile organic compounds. Regression models examined differences in biomarker concentrations by past-week tobacco smoking and vaping, adjusting for creatinine, age, sex, country, and cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with no vaping/smoking, exclusive vaping was associated with similar exposure to acrolein and acrylonitrile but higher exposure to toluene (P = 0.04) and acrylamide (P = 0.034, only in sensitivity analysis using past 24-hour measure). Compared with dual use or exclusive smoking, exclusive vaping was associated with lower exposure to NNK, acrolein, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile (P ≤ 0.01) but higher toluene exposure than dual use (P = 0.012). Exposure was similar for dual-use and exclusive smoking. Benzene and xylene biomarkers were detected in <5% and not compared. Among those smoking, NNK exposure was higher in the United States (geometric mean = 25.4 pg/mg creatinine) versus Canada (16.1 pg/mg; P = 0.006) and England (14.1 pg/mg; P = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Youth exclusively vaping had similar exposure as no vaping/smoking except for two volatile organic compounds and lower exposure than smoking or dual use except toluene. Higher NNK levels among US youth who smoke likely reflect differences in tobacco blend.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Findings are generally consistent with literature indicating lower toxicant exposure from vaping versus smoking but elevated exposure versus no use for some.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"815-824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}