Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Sociocultural Influences On Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Latino Men: Results From a Multi-State Survey","authors":"M Camacho-Rivera, CR Rogers, O Rodriguez-Garcia, D Diaz, JY Islam","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0367","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of and mortality from early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), which occurs in individuals under age 50 years, have been increasing among Latinos. In 2018, the American Cancer Society endorsed a reduction from 50 to 45 years in the recommended age at which average-risk adults should initiate screening. Methods: We partnered with Qualtrics to recruit a multi-state convenience sample of self-identified Latino men from sources such as targeted email lists and social media. Eligibility criteria include men who: self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, resided in New York, Florida, or Texas, and understood English or Spanish. Survey was fielded from February to March 2022; 1,371 responses collected. Primary exposure was masculinity barriers, measured using validated Masculinity Barriers to Medical Care (MBMC) scale. Additional exposures were two subscales from the Male Role Norms, Attitudes, and Perceptions associated with CRC Screening instrument, as well as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity: (1) Mexican or Mexican American; (2) Cuban; (3) Puerto Rican; (4) Other Hispanic or Latino. Our main outcomes were self-report of CRC screening and fecal immunochemical test. Intention to obtain CRC screening secondary outcome. Preliminary analyses restricted to participants in the 45–59, 60–75 age categories (N = 611). Results: Among participants, 26% were of Mexican descent, 31% were Puerto Rican, 14% Cuban, 29% other Latino background. Eighty-one percent planned to obtain CRC screening in the future, although only 40% have used a fecal immunochemical test, and 51% have ever had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Latino men of other Hispanic ethnicity were more likely to report taking risks with their own health if it benefits their family (P = 0.018). Mexican men were least likely to report trust in healthcare professionals (P = 0.002), and Cuban men were most likely to report receiving quality medical care (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Masculinity barriers to medical care may play an important role in screening attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. It is important to understand the roles of intersecting social identities including race, ethnicity, gender identity and norms in reducing colorectal cancer disparities.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Helicobacter Pylori Infections Among Adults From the Navajo Nation","authors":"D Pete, AI Phipps, NR Salama, JW Lampe, MC Wu","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0359","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial burden of stomach cancer continues to be observed in American Indians in the United States (US). The Navajo Nation, the largest American Indian tribe in the Southwestern US, is experiencing a higher incidence of stomach cancer compared to the general population in the region, possibly due to the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, an infectious pathogen that colonizes the stomach and is a major risk factor for stomach cancer. To assess the prevalence, virulence, and risk factors for H. pylori infection in Navajo adults, we initiated a cross-sectional study in two geographic areas of the Navajo Nation. Study recruitment occurred from January to October 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited using online and offline platforms, including social media, a study website, newspaper advertisements, flyers, word of mouth, and community outreach. Demographic, health, behavioral, environmental, and diet factors were assessed from health and food frequency questionnaires. H. pylori infection and cagA virulence were detected from stool samples by droplet digital PCR. Of 99 participants recruited, 56.6% (95% CI: 46.2–66.5) of participants were infected with H. pylori and, among H. pylori-infected participants, 78.6% (95% CI: 65.6–88.4) were infected with a cagA-positive H. pylori strain. Having a history of H. pylori infection was inversely associated with H. pylori infection (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.34, P = 0.005), and using Navajo herbal medicine once a month was positively associated with H. pylori infection (OR = 7.28, 95% CI: 1.40–61.12, P = 0.03). No significant associations were observed with other risk factors (e.g., older age, males, lower education levels, smoking, alcohol use, and high sodium intake). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was two times higher in adults in the Navajo ABID study compared to the US population (27% seroprevalence), and the prevalence of the cagA gene in H. pylori-infected participants was four times higher than the US population cagA gene prevalence in White people (19% seroprevalence). These findings provide a greater understanding of the burden of H. pylori and cagA-positive infections and can inform prevention strategies to reduce H. pylori infections in the Navajo Nat.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates Partially Explained By Differences in Dietary and Lifestyle Factors","authors":"MO Sodipo, E Rencsok, RG Russo, SF Peisch, T Gerke, EL Giovannucci, KH Stopsack, LA Mucci","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0374","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Black individuals have 2.1 times higher prostate cancer mortality rates than White individuals in the United States. Several dietary and lifestyle factors may influence the risk of lethal prostate cancer. This study evaluated to what extent differences in the prevalence of these modifiable risk factors by race could explain racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality. Methods: We compared the prevalence of seven potentially modifiable risk factors for lethal prostate cancer among Black and White individuals, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study at two time points (1988–1994; 2017–2018). Relative risks for lethal prostate cancer were estimated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for each factor by self-identified race, defined as the reduction in mortality that would be achieved if the population had been entirely unexposed, compared with the current exposure pattern. We also calculated the difference in the PAF between Black and White individuals, assuming causality of risk factors and no multiplicative effect measure modification by race. Results: Based on data from NHANES III (1988–1994), the largest prevalence differences between Black and White individuals were for vitamin D deficiency, current smoking, and coffee, respectively. Elimination of these risk factors among Black individuals could have led to a larger reduction in lethal prostate cancer in comparison to eliminating these same risk factors among White individuals. Given the prevalence of these risk factors in 2017–2018, current interventions on vitamin D deficiency, current smoking, and coffee could influence future PAF differences for lethal prostate cancer mortality among Black individuals compared to White individuals. Conclusions: Differences in the prevalence of some modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors are potentially responsible for a portion of the racial disparity in prostate cancer mortality.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime Body Weight Trajectories and Risk of Kidney Cancer: A Large US Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Z Deng, M Hajihosseini, JX Moore, S Khan, ML Bondy, BI Chung, M Langston","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0370","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to investigate kidney cancer risk in relation to the body mass index (BMI) trajectory and cumulative exposure to excess weight. Methods: We identified several anthropometric metrics to capture the lifetime BMI patterns from the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. These measures included BMI at specific ages (age 20 years, 50 years, and age at completing the baseline questionnaire), BMI trajectory from age 20 to baseline, cumulative exposure to overweight/obesity from age 20 to baseline, and weight change during each age span. The BMI trajectory was identified using the latent class trajectory model. The cumulative exposure, which was quantified by weighted years of living with overweight/obesity (WYO), was obtained by summing up the excess BMI (BMI-25, set to 0 when BMI < 25) across ages. Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, sex, randomization arm, race, education, smoking, aspirin use, history of hypertension and diabetes, was conducted to quantify the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between each anthropometric metric and incident kidney cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, incident kidney cancers were diagnosed in 391 men and 223 women. A higher BMI at age 20, 50, and baseline was associated with a greater hazard of kidney cancer. Compared to individuals who retained normal BMI throughout adulthood, an increased hazard of kidney cancer was observed for individuals who progressed from normal BMI to overweight (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15,1.73), from normal BMI to obesity (HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.58), and from overweight to obesity (HR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.88,4.13). Compared to individuals who were never overweight (WYO = 0), elevated HRs were observed among individuals who experienced low (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.57), medium (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15,1.87), and high (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.43) level of WYO (tertiles of WYO above 0). Weight gain of ≥10 kg was positively associated with kidney cancer incidence for each age span. Conclusions: Being overweight in early adulthood, weight gain in later life, and higher cumulative exposure to excess weight over the lifespan were all associated with increased risk of kidney cancer.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Mortality Following Breast Cancer: Results From the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study","authors":"H Parada, T Wu, M Yang, E Hoh, CL Rock, ME Martinez","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0375","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To examine the associations between red blood cell (RBC) composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and mortality among women with breast cancer. Methods: This nested case-control study included 1,104 women from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study, a randomized controlled trial of a plant-based dietary change on breast cancer survival. Cases were women who died from any cause (n = 290) from 1995 to 2006. Controls were women who were alive at the end of follow-up matched to cases on age at diagnosis, years since randomization, intervention group, and stage (n = 814). RBC fatty acid composition was measured in blood samples collected at baseline using gas chromatography and included the proportions of four n-3 and seven n-6 PUFAS. We examined each PUFA individually as well as factor analysis-derived factors in association with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality using conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In fully-adjusted models, all-cause mortality ORs were elevated among women with PUFAs >median (versus ≤ median) for alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n3; OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.14–2.14) and for linolenic acid (LnA, C18:2n6, OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.15–2.07), and breast cancer-specific mortality ORs were elevated for LnA (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.24–2.38) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n6; OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 0.97–2.00). Factor 1 [arachidonic acid, C20:4n6; adrenic acid, C22:4n6; and docosapentaenoic acid, C22:5n6] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with lower odds of all-cause (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.53–0.98) and breast cancer-specific (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47–0.94) mortality, and Factor 4 [ALA and GLA] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with increased odds of breast cancer-specific mortality (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01–2.01). Additionally, 1-SD increase in Factor 4 scores were associated with ORs of 1.22 (95% CI = 1.04–1.42) for all-cause mortality and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.05–1.47) for breast cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: RBC PUFA composition profiles are associated with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality risk among women with breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Cancer Yield Among Those Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in Community-based Healthcare Systems","authors":"AN Burnett-Hartman, KA Rendle, C Saia, RT Greenlee, NM Carroll, SA Honda, BP Hixon, RY Kim, C Neslund-Dudas, C Oshiro, K Wain, DP Ritzwoller, A Vachani","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0371","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Lung cancer screening (LCS) via low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for those with a high risk of lung cancer based on age and smoking history has been recommended in the United States for almost a decade, but performance of LCS in community-based settings is unclear. We aimed to estimate the proportion of those screened who were diagnosed with lung cancer across five healthcare systems in the United States. Methods: Study participants were LCS-eligible individuals who received care and a baseline LCS LDCT within the five healthcare systems in the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Consortium (PROSPR-Lung). We collected data on LDCT utilization and results, as well as patient characteristics and smoking history, via electronic health records. LCS LDCT findings were categorized using Lung-RADS [negative (1), benign (2), probably benign (3), or suspicious (4)]. Lung cancer diagnoses occurring within 12 months of a baseline LDCT were ascertained via cancer registry data. Our preliminary analyses, presented here, includes estimates of lung cancer yield, overall, and by Lung-RADS category, among those receiving a baseline LDCT 2014–2018. Data collection through 2021 is underway and final analyses will include data through 2021. Results: There were 8,682 patients with a baseline scan included in analyses. Of these, 47% were female, 52% were ages 65+, and the ethnic and racial distribution was: 4% Hispanic, 2% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 4% Asian, 14% Black, and 74% White. There were 142 (1.6%) patients diagnosed with lung cancer within 12-months of their baseline LDCT. Among those with negative LCS LDCT findings, Lung-RADS 1 (n = 1,987) or Lung-RADS 2 (n = 5,232), there were 1 and 8 lung cancer diagnoses, respectively. Among those with positive LCS LDCT findings, Lung-RADS 3 (n = 906), Lung-RADS 4/4A (n = 363), or Lung-RADS 4B/4X (n = 194), 10 (1%), 35 (10%), and 88 (45%) were diagnosed with lung cancer, respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of those diagnosed with lung cancer within 12 months of a baseline LDCT within community settings is similar to clinical trials settings, and use of Lung-RADS categorization in community settings appropriately stratifies patients into those with a low- vs. high-risk of prevalent lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Intervention Designed to Increase Cruciferous Vegetable Intake to Reduce Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression","authors":"KH Yeary, H Yu, C Wang, MG Kuliszewski, Q Li, R Pratt, FG Saad-Harfouche, N Clark, E DiCarlo, Z Wang, L Tang","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0355","url":null,"abstract":"Study Purpose: Bladder cancer is one of the top 10 most common cancers in the US and is the most expensive cancer to treat. The majority of bladder cancers (70–80%) are diagnosed at early stages as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which can be removed surgically. However, 50–80% of NMIBC recurs within 5 years, and 15–30% progresses with poor survival. Current treatment is limited. Preclinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) in cruciferous vegetables could be a non-invasive and cost-effective strategy to improve NMIBC prognosis. Thus, the purpose of our study was to develop and pilot test a cruciferous vegetable intervention designed to increase ITC exposure in NMIBC survivors. Methods: We used a blinded 2-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the preliminary efficacy of a 6-month cruciferous vegetable intervention for NMIBC survivors. The intervention consisted of mailed materials, a live phone-call to review the materials, and 11 Interactive Voice Responses calls. Three-day urine samples, 3-day dietary recalls, and survey data were collected at baseline and 6-months. Two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for between-group comparisons. Results: Forty-nine NMIBC patients diagnosed in 2018–2019 were randomized and 42 (22 treatment, 20 control) were retained for 6-month follow-up. Participants were mostly male (71.4%) and White (90.5%), with an average age of 67.4 years. Compared to the control, the treatment group reported 35.0 g (95% CI: −14.9, 85.0; P = 0.014) higher Cruciferae intake (treatment = 58.6 ± 54.5 g vs. control = 23.6 ± 96.1g) and increased urinary ITC levels by 11.1 μmol/g creatinine (treatment = 14.2 ± 24.5 vs. control = 3.1 ± 13.9, P = 0.027) at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Our behavioral cruciferous vegetable intervention is the first to significantly increase cruciferous vegetable intake and ITC levels in NMIBC survivors. Our evidence-based dietary intervention has the potential to offer an affordable, scalable option for NMIBC survivors to reduce their risk of recurrence and improve outcomes.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-Related Fatigue Is Associated With Objective Measures of Physical Function in Survivors of Cancer","authors":"RJ Marker, HJ Leach","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0362","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and limiting symptom reported by survivors of cancer and may have a negative impact on functional activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between CRF and objective measures of physical function in survivors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 428 survivors initiating a clinical exercise oncology program. A physical assessment was performed prior to program start and included a six-minute walk test (6MWT), handgrip strength assessment, and a 10 m walk test to measure both usual and fast gait speed. CRF was measured with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue scale (FACIT-Fatigue), a commonly used 13-item questionnaire, with scores ranging from 0–52. Lower scores indicate greater CRF. Participant demographics, cancer diagnosis, and treatment information were self-reported at program start. Four multiple linear regression analyses were performed, with 6MWT, handgrip strength, usual gait speed, and fast gait speed as the dependent variables. In each model, FACIT-Fatigue was entered as a predictor and covariates were age, gender, cancer diagnosis, and cancer treatment (currently receiving chemotherapy or radiation or not). Results: Participants were on average 55.2 (SD = 14.1) years old, majority women (64%) and breast cancer survivors (30.5%). Approximately half were currently receiving cancer treatment (48%). The means (SD) of measures of physical function were: 6MWT = 582 (120) m; grip strength = 32.7 (10.5) kg; usual gait speed = 1.36 (0.25) m/s; and fast gait speed = 1.9 (0.38) m/s. The mean (SD) FACIT-Fatigue score was 33.7 (10.8). All regression models were significant (P < 0.01). FACIT-Fatigue was significantly associated with 6MWT (Î2 = 3.39, P < 0.01), handgrip strength (Î2 = 0.13, P < 0.01), usual gait speed (Î2 = 0.005, P < 0.01), and fast gait speed (Î2 = 0.009, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Findings demonstrated that higher CRF was significantly associated with reduced performance on objective measures of physical function, providing insight on how CRF may contribute to limitations of functional day-to-day activities. Future studies should investigate whether reductions in CRF mediate the improvements in physical function seen after participation in exercise programs.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Aging Differs By Race, Subtype and Social Vulnerability Index in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"YN Wu, CL Thompson, FR Schumacher","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0366","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although breast cancer (BrCa) disparities by age of onset, subtype and mortality are well recognized between Black and White women, the underlying causes remain unknown. We were interested in the impact of methylation on racial disparities, BrCa subtypes and social vulnerability index (SVI). Methods: A whole-genome methylation array was used with DNA extracted from blood samples from women diagnosed with BrCa. After quality control, 158 BrCa patients were included. The biological age and epigenetic age acceleration, defined as the residual from regressing chronological and biological age, were computed using Horvath and GrimAge clocks. The association with aging for the independent factors of self-reported race, BrCa molecular subtypes (ER and HER2), and SVI were evaluated with Mann-Whitney tests and linear regression models. Statistical significance was defined as a P value <0.05. Results: Nearly one-third of our sample were self-reported Black women (28.8%) and the overall mean age at diagnosis was 57.8 years ±11.6. The proportion of women diagnosed with ER− and HER2+ BrCa was 43.6% (N = 68) and 14.7% (N = 23), respectively. Overall, the mean age acceleration is estimated as 2.41 years greater for Black women compared to White women by the GrimAge clock (P = 0.005), and 0.87 years for the Horvath clock (P = 0.52). Among ER- BrCa subtypes, Black women had an average biological age of 1.68 years greater than White women (P = 0.24). Similarly, among HER2+ BrCa, the biological age for Black women was 2.62 years older than White women (P = 0.14). In addition, the SVI median stratified analysis identified a 1.24-year increased age difference for Black women compared to White women in the upper SVI. In the lower SVI stratified analysis, the biological age for Black women was 0.67 years younger than White women. Conclusions: Our analysis identified statistically significant epigenetic age acceleration differences between self-reported Black and White BrCa patients. Both stratified analyses by BrCa subtype and SVI yielded biological age differences by self-reported race, however, directional effects differed based on strata. Although our sample size is limited, our stratified analysis revealed novel research directions to better understand racial disparities in BrCa.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimorbidity Among Adolescent and Young Adult Thyroid Cancer Survivors: A Report From the AYA VOICE Study","authors":"JY Ou, AC Kirchhoff, J Li, R Abrahão, Q Li, KK Kaddas, A Brunson, LH Kushi, J Chubak, TH Keegan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0372","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYA, 15 to 39), with excellent 5-year survival of 98%. However, treatments for thyroid cancer such as radioactive iodine and thyroid hormone suppression may increase the risk for multiple late effects (LE). We investigated the incidence of severe LE that cluster in AYA thyroid cancer survivors in a large population-based cohort. Methods: We used California Cancer Registry records to identify AYAs diagnosed with first primary thyroid cancer during 2006–2018 linked to statewide hospitalization, ambulatory surgery, and emergency department data. Cohort entry began 2 years from diagnosis. Severe LE included cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, renal, and liver diseases, and second cancers. Cumulative incidence of each LE, accounting for the competing risk of death, was calculated. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified clustering of LE overall and in <5 and ≥5-year survivors. The number of LE classes was identified by selecting models with the lowest likelihood-ratio G2 statistic, Akaike's Information Criterion, and Bayesian Information Criterion. Probabilities of each LE are presented in each class. Results: Of 12,224 survivors, 83% were female, 34% were Hispanic, and 62% aged 30–39 years at diagnosis. Mean follow-up time was 7.9 years. Five-year cumulative incidence was highest for endocrine (27.9%, 95% CI 27.0–28.8), respiratory (5.1%, 95% CI 4.6–5.5), and cardiovascular (2.1%, 95% CI 1.8–2.4) diseases. The LCA model identified 3 classes: 78.6% were ‘healthy survivors’ with a low probability of any LE, 19.8% experienced a high probability of endocrine (95%) conditions, and the remaining 1.6% were ‘multimorbidity survivors,’ experiencing a high probability of all LEs, particularly endocrine (94%), cardiovascular (61%), renal (55%), and respiratory (46%) conditions, followed by liver disease (25%) and second cancers (9%). No differences were found in the LCA classes among <5 and ≥5-year survivors. Conclusion: While most survivors of AYA thyroid cancer have few severe LEs, >20% have a high probability of endocrine conditions or multimorbidities. Multidisciplinary survivorship care may be vital to supporting thyroid cancer survivors experiencing multiple LEs.","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}