Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Identification of High-Incidence Populations in the United States for Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus Serologic Screening for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Payton E Clark, Kekoa Taparra, Jacob A Miller","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0576","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the United States, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) disproportionately impacts Asian Americans (AA) and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) who have no access to screening. EBV-based screening trials in Asia have detected most cases at early stages. We sought to identify a US target population for NPC screening and hypothesized that once-lifetime screening could be cost-effective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained NPC incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Asian and Pacific Islander datasets. We estimated the number needed to screen (NNS), mortality reduction, and resource utilization using a validated model and performance data from trials. Six evaluated strategies incorporated serology, nasopharyngeal swab PCR, and endoscopy or MRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intermediate-incidence and high-incidence populations accounted for 10.7% of US person-years yet 42.7% of cases. Anti-BNLF2b screening with selective endoscopy was the preferred strategy. In high-incidence populations, the median NNS to detect one case was 1,992, with a median of 7.12 NPC deaths averted per 100,000 screened. Screening met the willingness-to-pay threshold in all five high-incidence populations (median incremental cost-effectiveness ratio/gross domestic product, 0.82) and among men in intermediate-incidence populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly half of NPC in the United States arises among the 10% with AA or NHPI ethnicity. A suitable target population for US screening trials would be men and women aged 35 to 65 years of Chinese, Sāmoan, or Southeast Asian ethnicity, or men aged 35 to 60 years of Guamanian/Chamorro, Filipino, or Native Hawaiian ethnicity. Once-lifetime anti-BNLF2b screening could be cost-effective.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>These data may aid the design of US screening trials. Targeted NPC screening might mitigate health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1706-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Chelsea Duong, Erik J Rodriquez, Amanda S Hinerman, Somy Hooshmand, Sophie E Claudel, Neal L Benowitz, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0744","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco biomarkers reflect smoking intensity and are used to assess cessation status. No study has evaluated variation by Latino heritage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to evaluate geometric mean concentrations of serum cotinine and urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), stratified by smoking status and race and ethnicity, and ROC curves estimated values to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers by race and ethnicity and Latino heritage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample (n = 18,597) was 50.1% female, 16.6% Latino (58.6% Mexican, 10.4% Central American, 9.1% South American, 7.3% Puerto Rican, 3.5% Dominican, 2.7% Cuban, and 8.4% other Latinos, overall), 12.7% Black, and 70.7% White. Black nonsmokers and smokers had the highest cotinine concentrations (0.1 and 177.1 ng/mL), and among nonsmokers, Black individuals had the highest NNAL concentrations (1.4 pg/mL). Latino smokers had the lowest cotinine (32.7 ng/mL) and NNAL (63.9 pg/mL) concentrations. Among Latino smokers, Puerto Rican individuals had higher concentrations of cotinine (100.0 ng/mL) and NNAL (136.4 pg/mL). Cotinine levels defining smoking (Black: 9.1 ng/mL; Latino: 0.9 ng/mL; White: 3.8 ng/mL) and NNAL (Black: 24.1 pg/mL; Latino: 5.7 pg/mL; White: 15.5 pg/mL) varied. Puerto Rican adults (cotinine: 8.5 ng/mL; NNAL: 17.2 pg/mL) had higher levels than Central American (cotinine: 1.0 ng/mL, NNAL: 5.5 pg/mL) and Mexican (cotinine: 0.9 ng/mL, NNAL: 6.0 pg/mL) adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cotinine and NNAL concentrations that define smoking differed by race and ethnicity and by heritage among Latinos, showing meaningful differences.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Cessation interventions with biomarker validation need to consider Latino heritage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1586-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The University of North Carolina Cancer Survivorship Cohort: A Resource for Collaborative Survivorship Research.","authors":"Chelsea Anderson, Jeannette T Bensen, Emma H Allott, Patricia V Basta, Debra E Irwin, Adrian Gerstel, Laura Farnan, Hung-Jui Tan, Erin E Kent, Tzy-Mey Kuo, Christopher D Baggett, Andrew F Olshan, H Shelton Earp, Hazel B Nichols","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0794","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid growth in the number of US cancer survivors drives the need for ongoing research efforts to improve outcomes and experiences after cancer. In this study, we describe the University of North Carolina (UNC) Cancer Survivorship Cohort, a medical center-based cohort of adults with cancer that integrates medical record-abstracted cancer information, patient-reported outcomes, and biological specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants ages 18+ were recruited from UNC oncology clinics between April 2010 and August 2016. After enrollment, participants completed questionnaires on a range of topics including demographics, health history, healthcare access and utilization, quality of life, and symptoms. Blood samples and tumor tissue specimens were collected and processed by study staff, and cancer characteristics and other clinical data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Participants consented to recontact for future studies and linkage of their data with other data resources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 3,999 participants with a cancer diagnosis were enrolled in the cohort. The most common cancer types among those enrolled included breast (N = 866), uterine (N = 458), colorectal (N = 300), prostate (N = 296), and head and neck (N = 248) cancers. Blood specimens were collected for 3,027 participants (76%). Additional participants without cancer (N = 1,299) were also enrolled, and the majority (62%) provided biospecimen samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We encourage a wide collaboration with investigators across institutions seeking to advance research in cancer survivorship. Procedures are in place to support proposals for use of existing or linked data and for proposals that require participant recontact or analysis of biospecimens.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The UNC Cancer Survivorship Cohort is a unique resource for cancer survivorship research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1556-1563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Incidence of Gastric Cancer in El Salvador: A National Multisectorial Study during 2000 to 2014.","authors":"Lisseth Ruiz de Campos, Marisabel Valdez de Cuellar, Dalton A Norwood, Tiffany Y Carrasco, Eleazar E Montalvan-Sanchez, Maria-Virginia Rodriguez Funes, Timothy Beasley, Ricardo L Dominguez, Luis E Bravo, Douglas R Morgan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1459","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of global cancer mortality and leading infection-associated cancer. Gastric cancer has significant geographic variability, with a high incidence in East Asia and mountainous regions of Latin America. In the United States, gastric cancer represents a marked disparity with incidence rates that are two to three times higher in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a national retrospective study of incident gastric cancer in El Salvador from to 2000 to 2014 to estimate the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) by using a combination of pathology and endoscopy databases. A unique multisectorial coalition was formed between the Ministry of Health (MINSAL) and ES Gastroenterology Society (AGEDES), representing public hospitals (n = 5), governmental employee hospitals (ISSS, n = 5), and private facilities (n = 6), accounting for >95% of national endoscopy capacity. HER2 and EBV tumor status was ascertained in a representative sample during 2014 to 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10,039 unique cases of gastric cancer were identified, 45.5% female, and mean age of 65. 21% and 9.4% were <55 and <45 years old, respectively. ASIRs (M, F) were 18.9 (95% CI, 14.4-20.7) and 12.2 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 10.9-13.5), respectively, in the period 2010 to 2014 with all centers operational. Intestinal gastric cancer was 2.8 times more common than diffuse gastric cancer; 23.2% had partial or complete pyloric obstruction. The HER2 2+/3+ status was 16.7% and EBV-encoded RNA positivity was 10.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high incidence of gastric cancer was confirmed in El Salvador and nearly half of the patients were female.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The findings have implications for cancer control in the Central America LMICs and for US Latino populations. See related commentary by Riquelme and Abnet, p. 1550.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1571-1577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Ghrelin and Risks of Sex-Specific, Site-Specific, and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Emma Hazelwood, Catalina Lopez Manzano, Emma E Vincent, Demetrius Albanes, David Timothy Bishop, Loïc Le Marchand, Cornelia M Ulrich, Ulrike Peters, Gwen Murphy, Niloy Jewel Samadder, Laura Anderson, Marc J Gunter, Neil Murphy, Bethany Van Guelpen, Nikos Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0926","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological and laboratory-based studies have provided conflicting evidence for a role of ghrelin in colorectal cancer development. We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate evidence for an association of circulating ghrelin and colorectal cancer risk overall and by sex, cancer subsite, and age at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genetic instruments proxying plasma total ghrelin levels were obtained from a recent genome-wide association study of 54,219 participants. Summary data for colorectal cancer risk were obtained from a recent meta-analysis of several genetic consortia (up to 73,673 cases and 86,854 controls). A two-sample MR approach and several sensitivity analyses were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no evidence for an association of genetically predicted plasma total ghrelin levels and colorectal cancer risk (0.95, 95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.12; R2 of ghrelin genetic instruments: 4.6%), with similarly null results observed when stratified by sex, anatomical subsite, and for early-onset colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that plasma ghrelin levels are unlikely to have a causal relationship with overall, early-onset, and sex- and cancer subsite-stratified colorectal cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This large-scale analysis adds to the growing body of evidence that plasma total ghrelin levels are not associated with colorectal cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1727-1732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Undetermined Significance of Screening for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance.","authors":"Lindor Qunaj, Suzanne Lentzsch, Alfred I Neugut","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of premalignant lesions in solid tumors such as colorectal and cervical cancer has led to the development of highly effective population-wide screening programs for these malignancies. Although precursor clinical states are not well-established for most hematologic malignancies, multiple myeloma is a notable exception. Virtually all patients with multiple myeloma first develop monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), an asymptomatic but easily detectable condition. However, broad screening for MGUS has not been adopted primarily because there is no proven intervention to delay or prevent the progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma. Furthermore, the incidence of MGUS is poorly understood; a better understanding of its epidemiology will be critical in designing appropriate screening guidelines once an effective treatment has been developed. In the current issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Ji and colleagues provide important epidemiologic insights on MGUS, including a critical discussion on how its incidence and preclinical duration vary by age and race, acknowledging that both MGUS and multiple myeloma are more common in Black than White populations. See related article by Ji et al., p. 1690.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":"33 12","pages":"1547-1549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiposity throughout Adulthood and Risk of Young-Onset Breast Cancer Tumor Subtypes in the Young Women's Health History Study.","authors":"Lydia Marcus Post, Dorothy R Pathak, Ann S Hamilton, Kelly A Hirko, Richard T Houang, Emily H Guseman, Dan Sanfelippo, Nicole Bohme Carnegie, L Karl Olson, Hallgeir Rui, Ann G Schwartz, Ellen M Velie","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1067","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of adult adiposity in young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) subtype risk is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this population-based case (n = 1812)-control (n = 1,381) study of invasive YOBC (ages <50 years), cases were identified from the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, 2010 to 2015. Area-based, frequency-matched controls were sampled from the 2010 Census. General adiposity [body mass index (BMI)] and central adiposity (waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) across adulthood and covariates were collected from in-person interviews and measurements. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adiposity and YOBC tumor subtypes [i.e., luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, and triple negative (TN)] were calculated, overall and by parity, using multivariable weighted logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obese young adult BMI was inversely associated with luminal A YOBC (OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.16-0.79); other subtype associations were nonsignificant. Similarly, adult overweight and obese BMIs were inversely associated with luminal A (OR = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.48-0.91 and OR = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.46-0.87, respectively), but not other subtypes. Conversely, larger waist circumference was associated with higher odds of luminal B and TN YOBC (OR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.01-2.15 and OR = 2.48, 95% CI, 1.52-3.88, respectively), but not other subtypes (with similar results for weight-to-height ratio); highest odds were among parous women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings show greater general adult adiposity is associated with reduced odds of luminal A YOBC, whereas greater central adiposity is associated with increased odds of luminal B and TN YOBC, particularly among parous women.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Additional studies of central adiposity and YOBC subtype risk, especially incorporating pregnancy history, are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1659-1670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic Incidence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Preclinical Duration to Myeloma Diagnosis: A Modeling Study.","authors":"Mengmeng Ji, Yi-Hsuan Shih, John H Huber, Mei Wang, Eric J Feuer, Ruth Etzioni, Shi-Yi Wang, Su-Hsin Chang","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0490","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the premalignant condition of multiple myeloma. Given a lack of population-based screening for MGUS and its asymptomatic nature, the epidemiology of MGUS remains unknown. This study estimated age- and race/ethnicity-specific MGUS incidence and preclinical duration from MGUS to multiple myeloma in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A previously published modeling approach was used to calculate national MGUS incidence using estimates of MGUS prevalence, multiple myeloma incidence, multiple myeloma-specific and all-cause mortality, and population age distribution from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004, and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, 2000 to 2021. The estimated MGUS prevalence was divided by MGUS incidence to obtain preclinical duration of multiple myeloma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MGUS incidence for non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations was 52, 86, 142, and 181 and for non-Hispanic Black (NHB) population was 110, 212, 392, and 570 per 100,000 person-years at ages 50, 60, 70, and 80 years, respectively. The average preclinical duration was 20.5 (95% confidence interval, CI, 16.5-26.1) years for the NHW population and 14.2 (95% CI, 11.5-17.6) years for the NHB population. The cumulative risk of developing MGUS in age 50 to 85 was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.7%-4.2%) for the NHW population and 6.1% (95% CI, 3.8%-10.0%) for the NHB population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NHB populations had a higher MGUS incidence rate at all ages and a shorter preclinical duration of multiple myeloma compared to their NHW counterparts.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study provides insights into the epidemiology of MGUS and enhances our understanding of the natural history of multiple myeloma. See related In the Spotlight, p. 1547.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1690-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Gastric Cancer Mortality and Years of Life Lost in Nicaragua: A Population-Based Study 1997 to 2012.","authors":"Edgar M Peña-Galo, Guillermo Palacios-Navarro, Javier Pastora-Membreño, Tatiana Torres-Herman, Dalton A Norwood, Eleazar E Montalvan-Sanchez, Timothy Beasley, Luis E Bravo, Douglas R Morgan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1392","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and leading infection-associated cancer. Gastric adenocarcinoma has striking geographic variability, with high incidence in East Asia and mountainous Latin America. Reliable cancer data and population-based cancer registries are lacking for the majority of low- and middle-income countries, including the Central American Four region (CA-4, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mortality data for Nicaragua were obtained from the highly rated Ministry of Health death registry. All the patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer between 1997 and 2012 (ICD-10 codes, C16.0-C16.9) and death due to any cause were included in the study. Data on variables such as sex, age (stratified by 5-year age groups), municipality, urban/rural, altitude, and year of death were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,886 stomach cancer deaths were reported in Nicaragua between 1997 and 2012, of which 2,214 (56.9%) were male. The age-standardized mortality rates were 13.1 and 8.7 per 100,000 habitants for males and females, respectively, and without significant change during the study period (annual percentage change = -0.7, P = 0.2). An average of 17.9 years were lost per death, accounting for 67,964 years of life lost (YLL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The burden of gastric cancer mortality is high in Nicaragua with a significantly elevated age-standardized mortality rate, YYL, and average YLL.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The projected increase in mortality portends the double cancer burden in northern Central America, with persistent infection-associated cancers and growing transition cancers (e.g., breast and colon cancers), which has implications for cancer control in Mesoamerica and US Latino populations. See related commentary by Riquelme and Abnet, p. 1550.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1564-1570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Etiology Drives Survival Outcomes: A Population-Based Analysis.","authors":"Hannah M Cranford, Patricia D Jones, Robert J Wong, Qinran Liu, Erin N Kobetz, Isildinha M Reis, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Paulo S Pinheiro","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0626","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous survival studies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by etiology are limited to hospital-based series, restricted cohorts, and monolithic etiologic categories. We studied population-based survival by seven mutually exclusive HCC etiologic groups-standalone hepatitis-C virus (HCV), hepatitis-B virus (HBV), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and dual etiology HCV-HBV, HCV-ALD, and HBV-ALD-accounting for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All HCC cases diagnosed during 2005 to 2018 from the Florida Cancer Registry were linked for etiology using statewide discharge and viral hepatitis data. We performed a cause-specific survival analysis including Cox regression for the matched 15,616 cases by HCC etiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The leading etiology was HCV only (n = 4,983; 31.9%); the leading dual etiology was HCV-ALD (n = 2,552; 16.3%). The five-year adjusted survival was low-17.6% overall and <22% across all HCC etiologies. ALD-related etiologies [ALD only (14.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12.7-16.0), HCV-ALD (10.2%; 95% CI, 8.7-11.7), and HBV-ALD (8.2%; 95% CI, 2.2-14.1)] showed lower survival than non-ALD causes-HCV only, HBV only, and NAFLD only. After adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic covariates, ALD and HBV-ALD HCC had 1.20 (95% CI, 1.13-1.27) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.06-1.54) times higher risk of death compared with those with HCV-only HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ALD only and dual etiologies involving ALD show worse prognosis for HCC compared with viral etiology alone. To increase survival, improved screening and treatment are needed for patients with multiple HCC risk factors.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Understanding US disparities in HCC survival by etiology can help guide the identification of etiologically specific biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets and inform public health measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1717-1726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}