Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor and Risk of Postmenopausal Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Case-Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Frances E M Albers, Christopher T V Swain, Makayla W C Lou, S Ghazaleh Dashti, Sabina Rinaldi, Vivian Viallon, Amalia Karahalios, Kristy A Brown, Marc J Gunter, Roger L Milne, Dallas R English, Brigid M Lynch","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1304","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but evidence for insulin and c-peptide is limited. Furthermore, not all studies have accounted for potential confounding by biomarkers from other biological pathways, and not all were restricted to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a case-cohort study of 1,223 postmenopausal women (347 with ER-positive breast cancer) from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. We measured insulin, c-peptide, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and biomarkers of inflammatory and sex-steroid hormone pathways. Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ER-positive breast cancer per doubling plasma concentration and for quartiles, without and with adjustment for other, potentially confounding biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ER-positive breast cancer risk was not associated with doubling of insulin (RR = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.82-1.14) or c-peptide (RR = 1.01, 95% CI, 0.80-1.26). Risk seemed to decrease with doubling IGF-1 (RR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.62-1.03) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (RR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.41-0.90). RRs were not meaningfully different when exposures were modeled as quartiles. RRs were less than unity but imprecise after adjustment for inflammatory and sex-steroid hormone biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Circulating insulin, c-peptide, and IGF-1 were not positively associated with risk of ER-positive breast cancer in this case-cohort analysis of postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Associations between insulin and c-peptide and risk of ER-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women are likely to be weak.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"541-549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI Measures of Fat Distribution and Risk of Cancer.","authors":"Rita Peila, Thomas E Rohan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1267","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excess adiposity has been associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer. The relationship between fat tissue distribution in the body and these outcomes is less well known. Using data from the UK Biobank imaging substudy, we evaluated the prospective relationship between MRI-derived measurements of adipose tissue distribution and the risk of the major site-specific cancers associated with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2014 and 2023, MRI measurements on adipose tissue distribution and volume were obtained from 49,044 (52.2% women) cancer-free UK Biobank participants. Quantitative MRI data included volumes of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), total abdominal fat/height squared (TAT/h2), and muscle fat infiltration (MFI). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for cancer-specific risk factors were used to generate HRs and 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incident cancer cases of the breast (N = 179), endometrium (n = 30), colorectum (n = 145), and kidney (n = 50) were ascertained over a median follow-up of 4.5 years. In women, VAT, TAT/h2, and MFI were positively associated with a risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and ASAT was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. In men, VAT and TAT/h2 were positively associated with a risk of colorectal cancer, whereas ASAT was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study showed that increasing volumes of VAT, ASAT, and MFI were associated with cancers at specific organ sites, indicating a potential role for adipose tissue distribution in influencing cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Both visceral and subcutaneous fat may have an impact on the risk of certain cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"534-540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Parity, History of Breastfeeding, and T-cell Profile of Ovarian Tumors.","authors":"Jennifer M Mongiovi, Mary K Townsend, Allison F Vitonis, Holly R Harris, Jennifer A Doherty, Ana Babic, Jonathan L Hecht, T Rinda Soong, Linda Titus, Jose R Conejo-Garcia, Brooke L Fridley, Shelley S Tworoger, Kathryn L Terry, Naoko Sasamoto","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1414","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parity and breastfeeding are associated with systemic changes in maternal inflammation and reduced risk of ovarian cancer, but little is known about their impact on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the associations of self-reported parity and history of breastfeeding with tumor-infiltrating T cells among 1,706 ovarian carcinoma cases with tumor tissue collected across four studies. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating T cells was measured by multiplex immunofluorescence in tumor tissue microarrays. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the positivity of tumor immune cells were calculated using beta-binomial models and stratified by histotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with ovarian tumors in nulliparous women, there was no association between parity and ovarian tumor T-cell abundance among all histotypes combined but suggestion of increased cytotoxic T cells and T-cell exhaustion among parous women with clear-cell tumors. When restricted to parous women, history of breastfeeding was associated with increased odds for all T-cell types [i.e., total T, cytotoxic T, helper T (Th), regulatory T, and exhausted T cells], with ORs ranging from 1.11 to 1.42. For every 6 months of breastfeeding, we observed increased odds of activated Th-cell infiltration (CD3+CD4+CD69+; OR, 1.13, 95% CI, 0.99-1.29), with a similar association for high-grade serous tumors, but lower odds in clear-cell tumors (OR, 0.43, 95% CI, 0.21-0.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>History of breastfeeding may alter the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment by modulating the abundance of tumor-infiltrating T cells.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Although replication is required, history of breastfeeding may play a role in the activation of the ovarian tumor immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"550-559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Composition at Diagnosis and Early Response in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma.","authors":"Aman Wadhwa, Chen Dai, Sandra Kessel, Joshua S Richman, Wei Shen, Justine M Kahn, Sharon M Castellino, Kara M Kelly, Debra L Friedman, Smita Bhatia","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1231","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between skeletal, muscle, and adipose tissue (body composition) and early response using PET in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma remains unstudied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group studies AHOD0031 (intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma) and AHOD0831 (high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma) with digital abdominal CT scans at diagnosis and PET scans after 2 cycles (PET2) were included. Two consecutive slices at the third lumbar vertebra were identified, and skeletal muscle index (SMI; in cm2/m2) and total adipose tissue index (TATI; in cm2/m2) were calculated using sliceOmatic and height at diagnosis. SMI and TATI were divided into quintiles [Q1 (lowest) to Q5 (highest)]. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and weight at diagnosis. The association between baseline body composition (SMI, TATI, and BMI) and positive PET2 was examined using logistic regression, adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, stage, histology, bulk disease, and \"B\" symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,033 included patients, PET2 was positive in 314 (30.4%) patients. SMI was not associated with positive PET2. Extremes of TATI were associated with positive PET2, when compared with the middle TATI quintile [reference: Q3; ORQ1 = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-2.60; P = 0.04; ORQ2 = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.17-2.82; P = 0.008; ORQ5 = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.23-3.05; P = 0.005]. The association between BMI in obesity range and positive PET2 trended toward significance (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 0.98-2.04; P = 0.06; ref = normal weight).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extremes of adipose tissue at diagnosis influence early response among pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Validation of results from this study could inform studies investigating body composition-based chemotherapy dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"560-567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Stroma: Reproductive Factors and the Tumor Microenvironment in African Breast Cancer.","authors":"Jasmine A McDonald","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1377","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer incidence rates for Black and White women in the United States have recently converged, with mortality rates remaining disproportionately higher for Black women. This disparity is more pronounced given the higher prevalence of hormone receptor-negative tumors in women of African ancestry, tumors which are more aggressive and harder to treat. Abubakar and colleagues' analysis of 792 breast cancer cases from the Ghana Breast Health Study offers new insights into the stromal tumoral microenvironment in sub-Saharan African women. Using machine learning techniques, tumor-associated stromal cellular density was associated with more aggressive tumors, higher tumor grade, and parity versus nulliparity, whereas breastfeeding did not significantly affect stromal characteristics. This commentary spotlights the innovative combination of traditional diagnostic methods, such as hematoxylin and eosin staining, with machine learning techniques within the Ghana Breast Health Study as a promising approach for improving breast cancer prognostication in low-resource settings. Moreover, this commentary underscores the need for inclusive, equity-driven research approaches that consider biological factors, host factors, and social and structural drivers of health when examining breast cancer disparities. See related article by Abubakar et al., p. 462.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":"34 4","pages":"459-461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample Size Estimations Based on Human Microbiome Temporal Stability Over 6 Months: A Shallow Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing Analysis.","authors":"Semi Zouiouich, Yunhu Wan, Emily Vogtmann, Carolina Porras, Christian C Abnet, Jianxin Shi, Rashmi Sinha","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0839","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological factors affect the human microbiome, highlighting the need for reasonably estimating sample sizes in future population studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the temporal stability of fecal microbiome diversity, species composition, and genes and functional pathways through shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing. Using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), we measured biological variability over 6 months. We estimated case numbers for 1:1 or 1:3 matched case-control studies, considering significance levels of 0.05 and 0.001 with 80% power, based on the collected fecal specimens per participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fecal microbiome's temporal stability over 6 months varied (ICC < 0.6) for most alpha and beta diversity metrics. Heterogeneity was seen in species, genes, and pathways stability (ICC, 0.0-0.9). Detecting an OR of 1.5 per SD required 1,000 to 5,000 cases (0.05 significance for alpha and beta; 0.001 for species, genes, and pathways) with equal cases and controls. Low-prevalence species needed 15,102 cases, and high-prevalence species required 3,527. Similar needs applied to genes and pathways. In a 1:3 matched case-control study with one fecal specimen, 10,068 cases were needed for low-prevalence species and 2,351 for high-prevalence species. For ORs of 1.5 with multiple specimens, cases needed for low-prevalence species were 15,102 (one specimen), 8,267 (two specimens), and 5,989 (three specimens).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Detecting disease associations requires a large number of cases. Repeating prediagnostic samples and matching cases to more controls could decrease the needed number of cases for such detections.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our results will help future epidemiologic study designs and implement well-powered microbiome studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"588-597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist Circumference, a Body Shape Index, and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Four Cohort Studies.","authors":"Christos V Chalitsios, Georgios Markozannes, Christos Papagiannopoulos, Elom K Aglago, Sonja I Berndt, Daniel D Buchanan, Peter T Campbell, Yin Cao, Andrew T Chan, Niki Dimou, David A Drew, Amy J French, Peter Georgeson, Marios Giannakis, Stephen B Gruber, Marc J Gunter, Tabitha A Harrison, Michael Hoffmeister, Li Hsu, Wen-Yi Huang, Meredith A J Hullar, Jeroen R Huyghe, Brigid M Lynch, Victor Moreno, Christina C Newton, Jonathan A Nowak, Mireia Obón-Santacana, Shuji Ogino, Conghui Qu, Stephanie L Schmit, Robert S Steinfelder, Wei Sun, Claire E Thomas, Amanda E Toland, Quang M Trinh, Tomotaka Ugai, Caroline Y Um, Bethany Van Guelpen, Syed H Zaidi, Neil Murphy, Ulrike Peters, Amanda I Phipps, Konstantinos K Tsilidis","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1534","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Waist circumference (WC) and its allometric counterpart, \"a body shape index\" (ABSI), are risk factors for colorectal cancer; however, it is uncertain whether associations with these body measurements are limited to specific molecular subtypes of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 2,772 colorectal cancer cases and 3,521 controls were pooled from four cohort studies within the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium. Four molecular markers (BRAF mutation, KRAS mutation, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability) were analyzed individually and in combination (Jass types). Multivariable logistic and multinomial logistic models were used to assess the associations of WC and ABSI with overall colorectal cancer risk and, in case-only analyses, to evaluate heterogeneity by molecular subtype, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher WC (ORper 5 cm = 1.06, 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.09) and ABSI (ORper 1-SD = 1.07, 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.14) were associated with elevated colorectal cancer risk. There was no evidence of heterogeneity between the molecular subtypes. No difference was observed regarding the influence of WC and ABSI on the four major molecular markers in proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancers, as well as in early- and late-onset colorectal cancers. Associations did not differ in the Jass-type analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher WC and ABSI were associated with elevated colorectal cancer risk; however, they do not differentially influence all four major molecular mutations involved in colorectal carcinogenesis but underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy body weight in colorectal cancer prevention.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The proposed results have potential utility in colorectal cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"568-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Metabolic Markers and the Risk of Skin Cancer: Results from the Lifelines Cohort Study in the Netherlands.","authors":"Michael Shimelash, Grigory Sidorenkov, Bert van der Vegt, Mathilde Jalving, Emöke Rácz, Geertruida H de Bock","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1235","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin cancers are the most common cancers in Caucasians, and their incidence is rising. Although metabolic and anthropometric markers play a role in cancer development, the relationship between metabolic and anthropometric changes in skin cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to examine possible associations between these changes and the risk of skin cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants without prior skin cancer history from the Northern Netherlands representative of the general population were included. Histopathology data were obtained from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Database. Adjusted Cox regression analyzed associations between metabolic changes and time to pathology-confirmed skin cancer incidence over a 7-year follow-up, assessing overall skin cancer risk and subtypes, including melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 97,106 participants, 4,195 (4.3%) developed skin cancer. Decrease and increase in body mass index (BMI) were both associated with lower skin cancer risk: adjusted HRs (aHR) of 0.88 (0.80-0.98) and 0.78 (0.72-0.86), respectively. Triglyceride and waist-to-hip ratio decreases were also associated with lower risk: aHR: 0.89 (0.80-0.98) and 0.89 (0.83-0.98), respectively. Increase in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was associated with a higher risk in individuals below the age of 45 years at baseline: aHR: 1.21 (1.01-1.45). Subtype analysis showed an increase in BMI was associated with lower melanoma risk: aHR: 0.72 (0.58-0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes in BMI and decrease in triglycerides and waist-to-hip ratio are related to lower skin cancer risk, whereas an increase in HbA1c may elevate risk in individuals younger than 45 at baseline. These findings highlight the importance of non-sunlight-related risk factors for skin cancer prevention and the need for further research into underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study contributes to the broader understanding of how metabolic health impacts skin cancer development, offering potential avenues for targeted prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"598-609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Race/Ethnicity on the Association between Neighborhood Deprivation and Breast Cancer Outcomes among Kentucky Patients with Breast Cancer (2010-2022).","authors":"Breyanna Walker, Elinita Pollard, Sydney P Howard, V Morgan Jones, Kathleen L O'Connor, Eric B Durbin, Pamela C Hull, Samantha R Jones, Adebola Adegboyega, Xiaoqin Wang, Wendi A B Owen, Margaret M Szabunio, Lovoria B Williams, Justin X Moore","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1139","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kentucky is within the top five leading states for breast cancer mortality nationwide. This study investigates the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and breast cancer outcomes, including surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and survival, and how associations vary by race and ethnicity in Kentucky.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry for patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2017, with follow-up through December 31, 2022. We linked Kentucky Cancer Registry data with census tract data to examine the relationship between area deprivation index (ADI) and breast cancer outcomes. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models analyzed binary outcomes and time-to-event data, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women in the most disadvantaged (ADI fourth quartile) neighborhoods were more likely to be diagnosed at later stages (OR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.41) and 34% more likely to die from breast cancer (HR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.57) after adjusting for age, race, tobacco use, tobacco pack-years, marital status, insurance status, family history, stage at diagnosis, breast cancer subtype, and residence in Appalachia when compared with women living in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI first quartile).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women in disadvantaged neighborhoods had significantly higher odds of late-stage diagnosis and breast cancer death, regardless of race, indicating that neighborhood factors contribute to breast cancer disparities.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Socioeconomic and neighborhood factors may contribute to breast cancer outcomes, suggesting the necessity for targeted interventions. Future research should explore the effectiveness of such interventions and investigate additional social determinants contributing to disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"474-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Clinical Covariates on Serum miRNA Expression among Women without Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Laura Wollborn, James W Webber, Stephanie Alimena, Sudhanshu Mishra, Chad B Sussman, Cameron E Comrie, Daniel G Packard, Marta Williams, Trinity Russell, Wojciech Fendler, Dipanjan Chowdhury, Kevin M Elias","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1355","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum miRNAs are potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer; however, many factors may influence miRNA expression. To understand potential confounders in miRNA analysis, we examined how sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, including known ovarian cancer risk factors, influence serum miRNA levels in women without ovarian cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 1,576 women from the Mass General Brigham Biobank collected between 2012 and 2019, excluding subjects previously or subsequently diagnosed with ovarian cancer, were examined. Using a focused panel of 179 miRNA probes optimized for serum profiling, miRNA expression was measured by flow cytometry using the Abcam FirePlex assay and correlated with subjects' electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population broadly reflected the New England population. The median age of subjects was 49 years, 34% were current or prior smokers, 33% were obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m2), 49% were postmenopausal, and 11% had undergone prior bilateral oophorectomy. Significant differences in miRNA expression were observed among ovarian risk factors such as age, obesity, menopause, BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations, or existence of breast cancer in family history. Additionally, miRNA expression was significantly altered by prior bilateral oophorectomy, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Other variables, such as smoking; parity; age at menarche; hormonal replacement therapy; oral contraception; breast, endometrial, or colon cancer; and diabetes, were not associated with significant changes in the panel when corrected for multiple testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum miRNA expression patterns are significantly affected by patient demographics, exposure history, and medical comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Understanding confounders in serum miRNA expression is important for refining clinical assays for cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"385-393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}