Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Racial Differences in Colorectal Adenomas at Screening Colonoscopy in the United States.","authors":"Yuqi Wu, Piet C de Groen, Nabil Natafgi, Chao Cai, Dezhi Wu, Sudha Xirasagar","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1609","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Black Americans experience a higher incidence of colorectal cancer than Whites despite undergoing prevention screenings similar to those of Whites since 2010. We compared the colorectal adenoma status of Black and White patients at screening colonoscopy, a measure of colorectal cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using cross-sectional, observational data, we studied colorectal adenomas at first-time screening colonoscopy in average-risk patients aged 40 to 89 years, screened between September 2001 and July 2016 in South Carolina. We analyzed the age-adjusted odds of Black men and women (vs. White) having adenomas, advanced adenomas, ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas, and right hyperplastic polyps, and compared their total polyp burden (the sum of the diameters of all adenomas and right polyps detected).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 28,100 patients (58.4% Black and 53.8% women), we found that Black patients had lower age- and gender-adjusted odds than White patients of having adenoma (OR = 0.88, P < 0.01) and right hyperplastic polyp (OR = 0.74, P < 0.01), with a similar pattern within gender groups. Black and White patients were similar about advanced adenoma and 3+ nonadvanced adenoma. Among patients with lesions, mean polyp burden ranged from 8.5 mm (±7.2) for Black women aged 40 to 49 years to 12.3 mm (±7.4) for Black men aged more than 70 years. Age-adjusted polyp burden was 0.4 mm higher for Black men than for White men and 0.3 mm lower for Black women than for White women patient groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a large, racially balanced patient sample, Black and White patients showed similar polyp profiles.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Given similar adenoma status, other evidence-supported clinical factors associated with suboptimal polyp detection should be explored to understand the continuing colorectal cancer disparities affecting Black Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"698-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Biomarker Models for Biologically Heterogeneous Cancers: A Nested Model Approach for Lung Cancer.","authors":"Palina Woodhouse, Laurel Jackson, Michael N Kammer, Caroline M Godfrey, Sanja Antic, Yong Zou, Patrick Meyers, Susan H Gawel, Fabien Maldonado, Eric L Grogan, Gerard J Davis, Stephen A Deppen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0523","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The heterogeneous biology of cancer subtypes, especially in lung cancer, poses significant challenges for biomarker development. Standard model building techniques often fall short in accurately incorporating various histologic subtypes because of their diverse biological characteristics. This study explores a nested biomarker model to address this issue, aiming to improve lung cancer early detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 337 patients from two clinical sites. Blood biomarkers were analyzed and various statistical methods employed to develop a nested model. This model was designed to account for the biological heterogeneity across histologic subtypes, compared against traditional logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient cohort included a range of malignant and benign nodules and included different cancer subtypes reflecting lung cancer heterogeneity. The nested model had comparable performance overall with the Mayo Clinic model and a standard logistic regression model with an AUC of 77.6 (95% confidence interval, 72.2-83.0) in training and 77.3 (95% confidence interval, 65.8-88.9) in testing. The nested subtype versus benign model had the best performance in the training set overall and had a particular advantage for small cell subtype prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the challenges cancer heterogeneity present for biomarker development and the potential for nested biomarker models to improve early cancer detection. Validation of this approach in larger cohorts is essential to prove its predictive benefit in biologically diverse cancers.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This work addresses the challenge of biological heterogeneity in biomarker development. A nested modeling approach may assist in developing more effective multicancer early detection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"788-794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Metabolomic Mediators of the Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Relationship.","authors":"Nikos Papadimitriou, Nabila Kazmi, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Rebecca C Richmond, Brigid M Lynch, Benedetta Bendinelli, Fulvio Ricceri, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Paula Jakszyn, Vittorio Simeon, Gianluca Severi, Vittorio Perduca, Therese Truong, Pietro Ferrari, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Elisabete Weiderpass, Fabian Eichelmann, Matthias B Schulze, Verena Katzke, Renée Turzanski Fortner, Alicia K Heath, Dagfinn Aune, Rhea Harewood, Christina C Dahm, Adrian Llorente, Marc J Gunter, Neil Murphy, Sarah J Lewis","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1390","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current evidence suggests higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. However, the mediating role of the circulating metabolome in this relationship remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted metabolomics data from 6,055 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were used to identify metabolites associated with PA and derive a metabolomic signature of PA levels. PA levels were estimated using the validated Cambridge PA index based on baseline questionnaires. Mediation analyses were conducted in a nested case-control study (1,585 cases, 1,585 controls) to examine whether individual metabolites and the metabolomic signature mediated the PA-colorectal cancer association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PA was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR per category change: 0.90, 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.97; P value = 0.009). PA levels were associated with 24 circulating metabolites after FDR correction, with the strongest associations observed for phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl (PC ae) C34:3 (FDR-adjusted P value = 1.18 × 10-10) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C18:2 (FDR-adjusted P value = 1.35 × 10-6). PC ae C34:3 partially mediated the PA-colorectal cancer association (natural indirect effect: 0.991, 95% confidence interval, 0.982-0.999; P value = 0.04), explaining 7.4% of the association. No mediation effects were observed for the remaining metabolites or the overall PA metabolite signature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PC ae C34:3 mediates part of the PA-colorectal cancer inverse association, but further studies with improved PA measures and extended metabolomic panels are needed.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>These findings provide insights into PA-related biological mechanisms influencing colorectal cancer risk and suggest potential targets for cancer prevention interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"578-587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Engagement to Inform Multilevel Analyses of the Role of Neighborhood Factors in Cancer Control Behaviors in African Americans.","authors":"Cheryl L Knott, Asli McCullers, Nathaniel Woodard, Valerie Aldana, Beverly R Williams, Eddie M Clark, Mario Schootman, Crystal L Park, Xin He, Debarchana Ghosh","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1118","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although community engagement has had a substantial presence in public health research, community input to inform geospatial and health analyses remains underutilized and novel. This article reports on community engagement activities to solicit stakeholder perspectives on the role of neighborhood conditions in health and cancer. We discuss how this community input refined an a priori conceptual model to be tested in the larger Families, Friends, and Neighborhoods Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semistructured virtual interviews with 82 stakeholders (e.g., community and faith leaders, educators, and healthcare workers) across four states (Maryland, Connecticut, Alabama, and Missouri). Participants discussed the impact where a person lives can have on their health and cancer risk. We subsequently convened a virtual group discussion with 17 randomly selected interviewees. Our study team individually reviewed discussion notes, which were synthesized into a consensus document.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In addition to constructs from the original conceptual model, participants identified neighborhood-level factors not present in the original model, including K-12 educational quality, local property investment, homelessness, public transportation infrastructure, proximity to healthcare facilities, environmental toxin exposures, access to healthy foods, and cost of living. These factors will be incorporated into the Families, Friends, and Neighborhoods Study analytic models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although geospatial analyses in health research have not traditionally employed community engagement techniques, this study illustrates the value of informing multilevel analytic models with the lived experiences of those negatively affected by neighborhood conditions that underlie the risk, prevention, and screening behaviors driving cancer incidence and mortality.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Future social epidemiology research can be enriched through community engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"500-509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Neighborhood-Level Hispanic Paradox: The Interaction among Hispanic Density, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer.","authors":"Alexandra E Hernandez, Peter A Borowsky, Lauren Nahodyl, Paulo S Pinheiro, Erin N Kobetz, Michael H Antoni, Neha Goel","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1242","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the impact of Hispanic ethnic enclaves (EE) on the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and overall survival in patients with breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients with stage I to IV breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 were used to analyze the effects of area deprivation index (ADI) scores, a measure of neighborhood disadvantage, and census tract-level Hispanic density, a measure of EE, on overall survival using mixed-effects Cox regression models. The final model included the individual-level factors [age, income, race, Hispanic/Latino origin, nativity, insurance status, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index)] and clinical factors (National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment, stage, and receptor subtype).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5,387 patients were analyzed. Fifty-two percent resided in Hispanic EE. Enclave residents were predominantly White (93%), with Cubans the predominant subgroup (37%). Overall, there were 1,040 deaths within the cohort. Patients residing in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI tertile 3) within Hispanic EE experienced reduced HR compared with those outside of EE, evidenced by the interaction effect {EE × ADI tertile 3 - HR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.66 (0.44-0.98)}.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hispanic EE may protect against mortality in patients with breast cancer, suggesting that positive social factors help combat negative effects of neighborhood disadvantage for patients. Understanding the protective attributes of EE can help create effective cancer interventions and promote more equitable outcomes in minority populations.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study found that EE may protect against mortality in patients with breast cancer, suggesting that positive social factors may help mitigate the negative effects caused by the neighborhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"483-490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Incidence in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)-The Onco-SOL Ancillary Study.","authors":"Humberto Parada, Ilir Agalliu, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Andrew F Olshan, Kelly R Evenson, Thomas E Rohan, Robert C Kaplan, Caroline A Thompson, Linda C Gallo, Frank J Penedo, Jianwen Cai, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Bharat Thyagarajan, Stefani N Thomas, Olga L Garcia-Bedoya, Martha L Daviglus, Gregory A Talavera","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1325","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have examined how cancer incidence varies by the country of origin among US Hispanic/Latino adults. In this study, we describe the incidence rates (IR) of cancer overall and for screen-detectable, tobacco-related, and obesity-related cancers among 16,415 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an ongoing population-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cohort participant records were linked to the state cancer registries in New York, Florida, California, and Illinois to ascertain cancer incidence from baseline (2008-2011) through 2021. We estimated weighted age-adjusted IRs and age- and sex-adjusted HRs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a mean follow-up of 10.7 (SD = 2.0) years, 715 incident invasive cancers were diagnosed including 118 female breast, 102 prostate, and 79 bronchus and lung cancers. The IR of all cancers combined was 26.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 22.6-30.2] per 10,000 (10K) person-years (py). The IRs were lowest among persons of Mexican descent [IR, 19.0 (95% CI, 15.0-24.1) per 10K py] and highest for those of Puerto Rican [IR, 36.6 (95% CI, 28.4-47.0) per 10K py] descent. Compared with those of Mexican descent, those of Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Dominican descent had higher hazards of cancer incidence; the incidence of obesity-related (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.43-3.95) and tobacco-related (HR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.58-5.71) cancers was also the highest among Puerto Ricans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cancer IRs varied by Hispanic/Latino heritage and were masked when Hispanics/Latinos were aggregated into a single group.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Understanding disparities in cancer risk by Hispanic/Latino heritage may help tailor cancer prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"491-499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Prediagnostic Host Factors to Shaping the Stromal Microenvironment of Breast Cancer among Sub-Saharan African Women.","authors":"Mustapha Abubakar, Thomas U Ahearn, Maire A Duggan, Scott Lawrence, Ernest K Adjei, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Joel Yarney, Beatrice Wiafe-Addai, Baffour Awuah, Seth Wiafe, Kofi Nyarko, Francis S Aitpillah, Daniel Ansong, Stephen M Hewitt, Louise A Brinton, Jonine D Figueroa, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Lawrence Edusei, Nicolas Titiloye","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0390","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The stromal microenvironment (SME) is integral to breast cancer biology, impacting metastatic proclivity and treatment response. Emerging data indicate that host factors may impact the SME, but the relationship between prediagnostic host factors and SME phenotype remains poorly characterized, particularly among women of African ancestry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-only analysis involving 792 patients with breast cancer (17-84 years) from the Ghana Breast Health Study. High-accuracy machine-learning algorithms were applied to standard H&E-stained images to characterize SME phenotypes [including percent tumor-associated connective tissue stroma, Ta-CTS (%); tumor-associated stromal cellular density, Ta-SCD (%)]. Associations between prediagnostic host factors and SME phenotypes were assessed in multivariable linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decreasing Ta-CTS and increasing Ta-SCD were associated with aggressive, mostly high-grade tumors (P-value < 0.001). Several prediagnostic host factors were associated with Ta-SCD independently of tumor characteristics. Compared with nulliparous women, parous women had higher levels of Ta-SCD [mean (standard deviation, SD) = 31.3% (7.6%) vs. 28.9% (7.1%); P-value = 0.01]. Similarly, women with a positive family history of breast cancer had higher levels of Ta-SCD than those without family history [mean (SD) = 33.0% (7.5%)] vs. 30.9% (7.6%); P-value = 0.03]. Conversely, increasing body size was associated with decreasing Ta-SCD [mean (SD) = 31.6% (7.4%), 31.4% (7.3%), and 30.1% (8.0%) for slight, average, and large body sizes, respectively; P-value = 0.005].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Epidemiological risk factors were associated with varying degrees of stromal cellularity in tumors, independently of clinicopathological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The findings raise the possibility that epidemiological risk factors may partly influence tumor biology via the stromal microenvironment. See related In the Spotlight, p. 459.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"462-473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changing Pathogenesis of Liver Cancer in Hawaii over Three Decades.","authors":"Linda L Wong, Larry R Hromalik, Brenda Y Hernandez, Jared D Acoba, Sandi A Kwee","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1399","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide trends support the increasing contribution of hepatic steatosis to the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigates if similar changes are seen in Hawaii, where the incidence of HCC is higher than in most of the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 1,651 patients diagnosed with HCC (1991-2023) that includes 60% to 70% of HCC cases in Hawaii. We evaluated changes in patient demographics, risk factors, and disease etiology over the past three decades.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1991 to 2023, there were significant increases in the proportion of HCC cases attributable to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), coinciding with an increase in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Cases with a history of smoking also increased through 2020. Conversely, HCC cases presenting with cirrhosis alone decreased. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cases increased through 2015 and then tapered, whereas Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cases decreased through 2020. There was no significant change in the proportion of alcohol-associated cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although HBV continues to be a major contributor to HCC in Hawaii, HCV-related HCC cases have tapered, whereas metabolic risk factors for HCC and cases attributable to MASLD have increased over time, paralleling overall trends observed in the United States. Efforts are needed to manage these metabolic factors to address the burden of HCC.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Although Hawaii continues to have a large burden of viral hepatitis-related HCC, metabolic factors and MASLD have affected the pathogenesis of liver cancer in Hawaii over the past three decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"527-533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropharyngeal Cancer Incidence and Trends in Brazil.","authors":"Lady Paola Aristizabal Arboleda, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza, Diego Rodrigues Mendonça E Silva, Maria Paula Curado","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0863","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oropharyngeal cancer incidence is rising globally, predominantly in high-income countries, because of human papillomavirus infection. However, further data on oropharyngeal cancer incidence in Brazil is needed. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, trends, and predictions of oropharyngeal cancer in Brazilian population-based cancer registries (PBCR) by period, sex, and topography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on oropharyngeal cancer were collected from PBCRs (1988-2020). Age-standardized rates were calculated from 2000 onward using the 2010 Brazilian census and world standard population. Annual average percent change was analyzed using the joinpoint regression model. Predictions up to 2034 were made using the Nordpred program and the age-period-cohort model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17,980 oropharyngeal cancer cases were recorded across 30 PBCRs (1988-2020). Most cases involved males (81.58%) ages 55 to 59 years (17.06%). The oropharynx not otherwise specified (40.58%), base of the tongue (24.98%), and tonsils (22.52%) were the sites most affected. The highest incidence rates were found in the southeastern and southern regions (3.1-9.4/100,000). Incidence trends increased for 10 PBCR regions in males and 6 regions in females. Predictions up until 2034 indicate decreasing trends for females and increasing trends for males in the north and south of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil differs among regions, with higher rates observed in the south and southeast. The prevalence of the human papillomavirus-attributable fraction for oropharyngeal cancer is unknown.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Analysis of oropharyngeal cancer incidence rates and regional trends aims to better understand the epidemiology of this malignancy in the Brazilian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"518-526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute Risk Prediction for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Adaptable to Regional Disease Burden across Diverse Regions.","authors":"Mengfei Liu, Yi Huang, Hongrui Tian, Chuanhai Guo, Zhen Liu, Anxiang Liu, Haijun Yang, Fenglei Li, Liping Duan, Lin Shen, Qi Wu, Chao Shi, Yaqi Pan, Fangfang Liu, Ying Liu, Huanyu Chen, Zhe Hu, Hong Cai, Zhonghu He, Yang Ke","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1465","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) exhibits a long latency period and has a significant geographic disparity in incidence, which underscores the need for models predicting the long-term absolute risk adaptable to the regional disease burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 31,883 participants in a large-scale population-based screening trial (Hua County, China) were enrolled to develop the model. Severe dysplasia and above cases identified at screening or follow-up were defined as the outcome. We calculated the absolute risk in three steps: (i) constructing a relative risk model using logistic regression, (ii) calculating the age-specific baseline hazard, and (iii) adjusting for the competing risk of all-cause death excluding ESCC. Flexible incidence rate parameters were integrated into the model to ensure its relevance across diverse regions worldwide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 295 severe dysplasia and above cases were detected. The relative risk model consisted of old age, male gender, an irregular meal pattern, a preference for hot or hard food, a BMI of less than 22 kg/m2, and ESCC family history. The AUC was 0.753 (95% confidence interval, 0.749-0.757). The averaged 5-and 10-year absolute risk were 0.53% and 1.30% among participants. Based on our model, we developed an online calculator and incorporated flexible incidence rate parameters, demonstrating ideal risk stratification tailored to regions with varying disease burdens (https://pkugenetics.shinyapps.io/escc_risk_prediction/).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed an absolute risk model to predict individualized long-term risk of ESCC, accounting for the local disease burden.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This model has the potential to mitigate the global burden of ESCC by enabling targeted screening and personalized prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"510-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}