Cytojournal最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into PDZK1-interacting protein 1 on the malignant progression of colorectal carcinoma.","authors":"Kuaiyun Yu, Yao Yu, Chang Zhang, Leilei Hao","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_200_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_200_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>PDZ domain containing 1-interacting protein 1 (PDZK1IP1) is commonly overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer. Hence, the objective of the present study is to ascertain the influences of PDZK1IP1 on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>PDZK1IP1 expression was tested through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, and its correlation with prognosis was analyzed using the GEPIA website. Small interfering RNA against PDZK1IP1 was adopted to downregulate PDZK1IP1 expression in CRC cells. The effects of PDZK1IP1 on cell growth were ascertained using colony formation and CCK-8 tests, and CRC cell apoptosis was analyzed through flow cytometry. Cell migration capability and invasiveness were measured using Matrigel Transwell and scratch-healing assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PDZK1IP1 was highly expressed in the CRC tissues (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and cells (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and its knockdown restrained cell growth (<i>P</i> < 0.05), migratory potential (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and invasive capacities (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and accelerated cell apoptosis (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Mechanically, PDZK1IP1 silencing blocked CRC progression by inactivating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDZK1IP1 contributes to the oncogenesis of CRC. This finding provides a basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat mass and obesity-associated protein downregulation trigger the activation of the sirtuin 1/forkhead box O1 signaling pathway, drive glycolysis, and promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Zheng Zhang, Jifeng Zhang, Renzhong Zhang","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_33_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_33_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the role of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly its regulatory effects on glycolysis, cell proliferation, and sirtuin 1/forkhead box O1 (SIRT1/FOXO1) signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The messenger RNA and protein expression levels of FTO in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (human kidney 2 [HK-2]) and the RCC cell line A498 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. FTO expression was downregulated by FTO short hairpin RNA and overexpressed using plasmids. Glycolysis levels were assessed by measuring glucose uptake, lactate secretion, extracellular acidification rate, and adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio. The effects of FTO on cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated through colony formation assays, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, and flow cytometry. The SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway was analyzed through Western blot, and FOXO1 pathway inhibitor (AS1842856) was used to further explore the role of SIRT1/FOXO1 in the FTO-mediated regulation of RCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FTO was downregulated in A498 cells compared with that in HK-2 cells. FTO downregulation markedly increased glucose uptake, lactate secretion, and the ATP/ADP ratio in A498 cells, and its overexpression inhibited these processes. FTO downregulation also promoted RCC cell proliferation, as evidenced by an increase in colony formation and the number of EdU-positive cells. Meanwhile, FTO overexpression suppressed the proliferation of these cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that FTO downregulation notably increased the proportion of cells in the S phase, and its overexpression increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Further analysis indicated that FTO downregulation activated the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, and its overexpression inhibited this pathway. Treatment with the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 significantly reversed the pro-glycolysis and pro-proliferation effects of FTO downregulation, supporting the role of the SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway in FTO-mediated regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FTO downregulation promotes glycolysis and proliferation in RCC cells by activating the SIRT1/ FOXO1 signaling pathway. Targeting the FTO and SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway may provide potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of RCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of pancreatic fine needle aspiration cyto-histopathological correlation.","authors":"Samah Saharti","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_218_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_218_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pancreatic cancer is a major global health challenge with high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a key diagnostic tool, but discrepancies between cytological and histological diagnoses can impact patient management. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic FNA using the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting system to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) across different diagnostic categories.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The WHO reporting system was employed to reclassify 122 FNAs, with 37 cases undergoing subsequent histological correlation to evaluate the ROM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of ROM using the WHO system were determined through statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The discrepancy rate between cytology and histology diagnoses was 16.2%. Category 6 (malignant) showed consistent ROM values (89%), confirming its reliability in predicting malignancy. However, Categories 1, 2, and 3 had higher ROM values than previously reported, while Category 4 had a lower ROM. Factors such as small lesion size, poor cellularity, and sampling limitations contributed to diagnostic discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study offers significant insights into the cyto-histopathological correlation in pancreatic FNA, highlighting the effectiveness of the WHO reporting system in ROM assessment. Future research with larger samples is necessary to enhance the accuracy of pancreatic FNA cytology for improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of cell block preparations from liquid-based cytology in cervical lesions: A comparative retrospective analysis.","authors":"Ceren Canbey, Sena Şen, Tevhide Bilgen Özcan","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_3_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_3_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally; it originates in the cervix and has a significant association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of cell block (CB) preparations from liquid-based cytology samples in identifying cervical lesions among Turkish patients with HPV. This approach was intended to supplement conventional Pap smear tests and HPV testing.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 HPV-positive cervical smear samples processed through the ThinPrep Pap test. CBs were prepared from liquid-based residues, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and analyzed. Cytological diagnoses were compared with histopathological findings from colposcopy-guided biopsies. The relationships between the Pap smear, CB, and biopsy results were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pap smear cytology identified 1.6%, 16.6%, 43.3%, and 3.3% as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and atypical squamous cells - HSIL cannot be excluded + LSIL, respectively. The CB evaluations classified 6.6% of the samples as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1, 1.6% as CIN2, and 1.6% as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with 78.3% deemed negative. Histopathological biopsy revealed CIN1 in 11.7%, CIN2 in 1.7%, and CIN3 in 8.3% of the patients. High concordance was observed between the Pap smear and CB diagnoses for negative and low-grade lesions, although discrepancies occurred in higher-grade lesions. HPV testing revealed 65% high-risk positivity, predominantly for HPV16 and HPV18. Significant correlations were found among HPV subtype positivity, CB, and biopsy diagnosis (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CB preparations provide enhanced diagnostic accuracy for high-grade lesions and SCC, thus complementing Pap smear cytology and HPV testing. This approach supports their integration into the routine cervical cancer screening protocols in Türkiye. Further global, multicenter studies are recommended to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is programmed death-ligand 1 positivity a predictor of poor survival in patients with different histological subtypes of pancreatic cancer?","authors":"Ceren Canbey, Sena Şen, Senem Karabulut, Tevhide Bilgen Özcan, Esra Paşaoğlu, Eren Altun, Taha Yusuf Kuzan, Fikret Ezberci","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_2_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_2_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pancreatic cancer is the cancer type with the highest mortality rate worldwide, and despite advances in treatment, molecular biomarkers are needed for both early diagnosis for developing targeted therapies and improving survival rates in this challenging malignancy. In our study, the contributions of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression to the determination of pancreatic cancer subtypes and patient prognosis and its impact on survival were investigated.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Paraffin-embedded tissues from 92 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and lymphocytes in the stromal area within the tumor borders were scored as stromal TILs; lymphocytes in tumor islands were scored as intratumoral TILs. Staining in each area was scored as a percentage, and staining with a score of 5 or more in tumor and immune cells for PD-L1 was scored as positive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After staining, a score of 5 or more with tPD-L1 staining was used to identify one patient as having micropapillary adenocarcinoma, three patients as having ductal adenocarcinoma, and four patients as having signet ring cell carcinoma. When the clinical parameters and outcomes were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the histopathologic type of signet ring cell carcinoma and poor differentiation and positivity of PD-L1 expression (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Survival was significantly influenced by tumor location, histopathological subtype, degree of differentiation, PD-L1 expression, and tumor size, with tumor size being the most critical factor (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that PD-L1 positivity is notably prevalent in signet ring cell carcinoma of the pancreas and is strongly associated with poor survival outcomes. Given these results, further studies with larger patient cohorts are warranted to validate these observations and explore potential therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of Galectin-3 confers myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g signaling pathway.","authors":"Duo Chen, Jingyu Wen, Wei Zang, Xuehong Lin","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_12_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_12_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in the myocardium is a considerable challenge in cardiovascular medicine, posing a severe threat to life. Given that galectin-3 possibly regulates myocardial I-R damage, this study aims to investigate the detailed mechanisms underlying galectin-3's effects on myocardial I-R injury.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The expression levels of galectin-3 <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> myocardial I-R models were determined by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of galectin-3 on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factors in myocardial I-R were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the extent of myocardial tissue damage was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The influence of galectin-3 on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg) signaling pathway-related proteins in myocardial I-R was determined by Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Myocardial I-R damage was associated with increased galectin-3 expression, and the blood levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band and creatine kinase were favorably correlated with the messenger RNA levels of galectin-3 in mice with cardiac I-R damage. The inhibition of galectin-3 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and galectin-3 promoted reactive oxygen species production in myocardial I-R cells. Furthermore, the cardiac I-R damage mouse model exhibited decreased expression of proteins linked to the PPARg signaling pathway, but galectin-3 inhibition enhanced the expression of these proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Galectin-3 plays a crucial role in exacerbating myocardial I-R injury, and its up-regulation is associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and inhibition of the protective PPARg signaling pathway. The alleviation of these harmful effects by galectin-3 inhibition suggests that targeting galectin-3 is a potential therapeutic method for reducing myocardial I-R injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen gas therapy: A promising approach for sepsis management post-burn injury by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and wound healing.","authors":"Pan Yu, Nan Hong, Genwang Wang, Shuqiang Chen, Zhipeng Zhao","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_253_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_253_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Burns refers to a severe form of trauma that often leads to localized and systemic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction. Patients with severe burns are highly susceptible to the development of postburn sepsis, a condition influenced by multiple factors, such as bacterial infection of the burn wound, alterations in immune status, and excessive release of inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which hydrogen gas treatment exerts its effects on postburn sepsis, with a focus on its influence on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and wound healing.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This work employed <i>in vitro</i> assays with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat skin fibroblasts (RSFs) to assess the effects of burn serum and hydrogen gas on cell proliferation through methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and on apoptosis through flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in fibroblasts treated with burn serum. Western blotting (WB) analysis was conducted to investigate signaling pathway modulation. The severe burn sepsis models of SD rats were segregated into three experimental groups: a healthy normal control group, a burn sepsis control group, and a burn sepsis + hydrogen gas (2%) treatment group. Wound healing was monitored, with wound contraction rates recorded and histological assessments conducted using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining to evaluate tissue repair and collagen deposition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i> assays showed that burn serum reduced fibroblast proliferation and increased apoptosis (<i>P</i> < 0.01), which hydrogen gas mitigated by rescuing cell viability and reducing apoptosis (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed burn serum-induced increases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, with decreases in antioxidant enzymes (<i>P</i> < 0.01), which hydrogen gas reversed (<i>P</i> < 0.05). WB analysis suggested hydrogen gas's anti-inflammatory and proliferative effects by modulating signaling pathways (<i>P</i> < 0.01). <i>In vivo</i>, hydrogen gas treatment considerably improved wound healing, with accelerated contraction and enhanced collagen deposition. Plasma and skin tissue analyses indicated systemic and local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects from hydrogen gas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hydrogen gas treatment demonstrates potential therapeutic efficacy in the management of postburn sepsis by modulating inflammatory responses, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting wound healing. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting hydrogen gas as an adjunctive treatment strategy for postburn sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in cancer pathology: Applications, challenges, and future directions.","authors":"Jiule Wang, Teng Wang, Rui Han, Dongmei Shi, Biao Chen","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_272_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_272_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer pathology has shown significant potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline workflows, and support precision oncology. This review examines the current applications of AI across various cancer types, including breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer, where AI aids in tissue classification, mutation detection, and prognostic predictions. The key technologies driving these advancements include machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision, which enable automated analysis of histopathological images and multi-modal data integration. Despite these promising developments, challenges persist, including ensuring data privacy, improving model interpretability, and meeting regulatory standards. Furthermore, this review explores future directions in AI-driven cancer pathology, including real-time diagnostics, explainable AI, and global accessibility, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between AI and pathologists. Addressing these challenges and leveraging AI's full potential could lead to a more efficient, equitable, and personalized approach to cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology between larger and smaller size thyroid nodules.","authors":"Saad Samargandy, Yousef Zaki Khedher, Shaza Ahmed Samargandy, Ghaida Ahmed Alzahrani, Hesham Tariq Nahhas, Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshaikh, Khalid Abdulaziz Alzahrani, Samah Saharti","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_206_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_206_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thyroid nodules are frequently encountered in medical practice. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used to rule out malignant nodules, but few studies have questioned the accuracy of FNAC in larger thyroid nodules compared to smaller ones. We, therefore, aim to compare the diagnostic performance of FNAC based on nodule size and whether larger nodule size increases the possibility of obtaining indeterminate or non-diagnostic results.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Adult patients with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroid biopsy and surgery from 2016 to 2022 were included in the study. We assessed the proportion of benign, malignant, indeterminate, and non-diagnostic FNAC in relation to the nodule size. We then divided cytology into true positive (malignant FNAC and histology), and true negative (benign FNAC and histology) and examined whether the proportion of true FNAC would be affected by different thyroid nodule cutoffs. The study used mean and frequency to describe continuous and categorical variables. <i>t</i>-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and forty-five patients were included in the study. The majority were female (86.7%) and older than 40 years. Half had a benign histology; the other 50% were malignant. The majority (49.3%) had indeterminate thyroid cytology. The proportion of indeterminate or non-diagnostic FNAC was the same (58%) in nodules ≥4 cm and <4 cm. The proportion of true FNAC was similar between different nodule size categories. It was 35% in ≥4 cm, and 34.3% in <4 cm nodules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that the diagnostic performance of FNAC in thyroid nodules did not significantly differ based on nodule size, with similar rates of indeterminate or non-diagnostic results across different size categories. The proportion of true positive FNAC results also remained consistent regardless of nodule size.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic agreement between bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy in patients with suspected pulmonary diseases: A single-center study.","authors":"Komson Wannasai, Sarawut Kongkarnka, Nirush Lertprasertsuke, Phichayut Phinyo, Chindanai Namwong, Tanapol Yaowarat, Phurinut Suwatwiriyapong, Pongsapat Vacharothone, Sansern Chankasemporn, Wiyada Dankai, Sayanan Chowsilpa","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_205_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/Cytojournal_205_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the diagnostic concordance between bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology and the histologic analysis of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens in patients with suspected pulmonary diseases to highlight the strengths and limitations of these complementary diagnostic tools.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cross-sectional analysis on patients suspected of pulmonary diseases who underwent both BAL and TBLB from 2018 to 2022. We assessed diagnostic agreement using kappa statistics and calculated the overall concordance rates. The analysis was stratified based on malignant versus infectious etiologies to elucidate performance differences between the two methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study included a cohort of 189 patients, comprising 104 individuals with suspected malignancy and 85 with suspected infections. Among the malignancy group, BAL yielded positive results for cancer in 49 patients, whereas TBLB confirmed malignancy in 64 patients, demonstrating an overall agreement of 70.19% (kappa = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.66). Conversely, within the infectious cohort, BAL identified micro-organisms in only five patients, while TBLB diagnosed infection in 22 patients, achieving an overall agreement of 77.65% (kappa = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.17-0.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the critical role of BAL cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma and infectious processes while also revealing its limitations in detecting interstitial lung diseases. The TBLB procedure emerges as an indispensable technique for accurate histopathological evaluation in lung cancer diagnostics. The integration of BAL and TBLB not only enhances diagnostic yield but also provides a more comprehensive understanding of pulmonary pathologies. Notably, we found moderate agreement between BAL and TBLB in neoplastic cases and fair agreement in non-neoplastic conditions, suggesting a nuanced interplay between these methodologies that could inform clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. This study advocates a combined approach in diagnostic frameworks to optimize the management of patients with suspected pulmonary diseases, paving the way for more precise and effective diagnoses in the field of cytology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"22 ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}