Cytojournal最新文献

{"title":"Cytomorphological clues and progression potential according to high-risk human papillomavirus types in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: An observational study.","authors":"Merve Cin, Burcu Özcan, Enver Yarikkaya, İrem Aylin Özkan, Ayşenur Başkan","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_14_2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_14_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) are frequently associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections; however, the cytomorphological differences among high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes remain underexplored. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess whether LSIL cytological features differed between HPV16/18 and other HR-HPV types and evaluated the impact of genotypes on 1-year clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 9,184 cervical smears reviewed over 3 years yielded 191 LSIL cases. Of the 137 patients with positive HPV polymerase chain reaction results, 110 (36 with HPV16/18 and 74 with other HR-HPV) met the inclusion criteria. Two pathologists, blinded to clinical and genotype information, independently evaluated 13 cytological criteria. Intraepithelial lesions or malignancies that regressed to negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) or progressed to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were analyzed over 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hyperchromasia (72.2% vs. 47.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.014) and nuclear contour irregularities (100% vs. 87.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.029) were significantly more frequent in the HPV16/18 cohort. Conversely, anisonucleosis (71.6% vs. 50%, <i>P</i> = 0.026) and marked nuclear enlargement (>5× intermediate cell nuclear diameter; 29.7% vs. 8.3%, <i>P =</i> 0.012) were predominant in the other HR-HPV cases. Regression to NILM occurred in 11.1% of the HPV16/18 group and 37.8% of the other HR-HPV group (<i>P</i> = 0.004), with a longer mean time to regression in the HPV16/18 group (10.93 vs. 9.12 months; <i>P</i> = 0.014). HSIL progression was more frequent (27.8% vs. 4.1%; <i>P</i> <0.001) and occurred earlier (9.01 vs. 11.53 months; <i>P</i> <0.001) in the HPV16/18 group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LSILs associated with HPV16/18 are characterized by hyperchromasia and contour irregularities, whereas other HR-HPV infections are characterized by nuclear enlargement and anisonucleosis. These genotype- specific cytomorphological clues may strengthen cytology-based triages, particularly in settings where HPV testing is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.","authors":"Juan Li, Jing Fu, Dandan Zhang, Gang Hu","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_250_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_250_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the potential of folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells (FR+CTCs) as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and clinical stratification.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between January 2024 and October 2024, 179 breast cancer patients and 38 patients with benign breast diseases were enrolled at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China. FR+CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood using the CytoploRare® kit and quantified via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FR+CTC levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to those with benign diseases (<i>P</i> <0.001). The ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.871 (95% confidence interval: 0.818- 0.924), with a sensitivity of 82.12% and specificity of 84.21%. In addition, FR+CTC levels correlated significantly with T, N, M, and tumor node metastasis stages, as well as molecular subtypes, particularly human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (<i>P</i> <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FR+CTCs demonstrate significant potential as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer, showing high diagnostic accuracy and associations with key clinical characteristics. While promising, these findings warrant validation in larger, more diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative margin assessment in keratinocyte skin cancer: Evolving techniques and future directions.","authors":"Konstantinos Seretis, Afroditi Vergidou","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_80_2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_80_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary infiltration by acute monocytic leukemia via routine cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: A case report.","authors":"Yun Bai, Yongsheng Shi, Pingping An","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_47_2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_47_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports a case of pulmonary infiltration by acute monocytic leukemia and discusses the significant role of routine cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the diagnosis of this condition. The patient presented with persistent cough and fever and was ultimately diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia, accompanied by multiple patchy high-density opacities in both lungs. Leukemic cells were detected through routine cytological examination of BALF samples, leading to a definitive diagnosis of pulmonary leukemic infiltration. The article also reviews relevant literature, discusses the clinical features and genetic abnormalities of acute monocytic leukemia, the incidence and diagnostic challenges of extramedullary infiltration (EMI), and emphasizes the value of routine BALF cytology in disease diagnosis. Acute monocytic leukemia with pulmonary leukemic infiltration is easily misdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical and imaging features. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 mutation and Wilms tumor 1 positivity may be associated with extramedullary involvement. Routine cytological examination of BALF can rapidly identify leukemic cells and enable early definite diagnosis. This minimally invasive method has high clinical value and should be widely used for the evaluation of pulmonary infiltration in acute monocytic leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytopathology of the microbiome-immune interface: Emerging applications of cytology in infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions.","authors":"Venkatesan Karthick, Rajkumar Thamarai, Singamoorthy Amalraj, Kavitha Narayanasamy","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_212_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_212_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study is to synthesize current evidence on the microbiome-immune interface as reflected in cytopathologic specimens and to explore the emerging diagnostic, prognostic, and translational applications of cytology in infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This narrative review integrates published literature on cytopathology, microbiome research, and immune profiling. Relevant studies examining cytologic specimens, including fine-needle aspiration, effusion cytology, liquid-based cytology, and lavage samples, were evaluated for their contributions to understanding host-microbe interactions. Emphasis was placed on studies incorporating molecular microbiome analysis (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing, metagenomics), immunocytochemistry, cytokine profiling, and digital image analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytologic specimens provide a minimally invasive platform that captures dynamic interactions between epithelial cells, immune infiltrates, and microbial communities. In infectious diseases, cytology enables direct pathogen visualization while reflecting immune activation patterns such as granuloma formation and neutrophilic inflammation. In chronic inflammatory disorders, cytologic features including lymphoid infiltrates and macrophage activation may correspond with microbiome-driven immune dysregulation. In oncology, tumor-associated microbiota detectable in cytology samples influence immune checkpoint expression, macrophage polarization, and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Integration of molecular assays, single-cell technologies, and artificial intelligence further enhances the ability of cytology to characterize microbiome-immune signatures within limited specimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cytopathology is evolving from a purely morphologic discipline into an integrative platform that bridges microbial ecology and immune dynamics. Incorporating microbiome profiling and immune phenotyping into routine cytologic evaluation holds promise for improved disease stratification, early detection, and personalized therapeutic decision-making. Recognizing cytology as a window into the microbiome-immune interface may redefine its role in precision medicine across infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational cytology: Bridging microscopy and artificial intelligence.","authors":"Pranab Dey","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_196_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_196_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytopathology as a bridge between bench and bedside in mouse cancer models.","authors":"Barnali Dolui, Banani Majumdar, Anupam Basu, Arghya Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_183_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_183_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics in molecular pathology: Moving from promise to clinical reality.","authors":"Lakshmi Vineela Nalla, Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_180_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_180_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant melanoma of the female genital tract diagnosed by cervicovaginal smear: A rare case from the Middle East.","authors":"Waleed Al Amri, Ishaq Al Salmi, Nasser Al Rahbi","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_163_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_163_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant melanoma is a rare form of cancer in the Middle East, and its occurrence, particularly in the female genital tract, is exceptionally uncommon. These tumors often present diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and variable cytomorphological features. We report the case of a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman from a rural region who presented with vaginal bleeding. A routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear revealed atypical pigmented malignant cells, raising suspicion for melanoma. Histopathological examination of a vaginal wall biopsy, supported by immunohistochemical staining, confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. The patient underwent total vaginectomy with labia minora resection. Post-operative positron emission tomography showed no residual or metastatic disease. She is currently receiving adjuvant nivolumab and is doing well. To the best of our knowledge, melanoma diagnosed through cervicovaginal Pap smear has been rarely documented in a Middle Eastern woman. This case underscores the critical role of cytological screening and the importance of a broad differential diagnosis for detecting rare malignancies, even in low-incidence regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myoepithelioma of the nasal septum: A case report with radiological and pathological insights.","authors":"Gaoxiang Zhou, Pingping Jie, Yong Liu, Weidan Luo","doi":"10.25259/Cytojournal_134_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/Cytojournal_134_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myoepithelioma is a rare benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for <1% of all salivary gland neoplasms, with only a little over ten cases of nasal cavity or paranasal sinus involvement reported in the English literature. Due to its rarity, lack of specific imaging features, and significant histological overlap with other tumors, the diagnosis poses a challenge for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. We present a case of a 68-year-old male with progressively worsening nasal obstruction over 6 months, ultimately diagnosed with nasal myoepithelioma. Approximately 3 months after endoscopic transnasal tumor resection, the patient showed no signs of recurrence. Low cytological atypia, a low Ki-67 proliferation index, and characteristic immunohistochemical findings support the diagnosis of benign myoepithelioma. This case suggests that myoepithelioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when benign-appearing tumors are observed in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. A multidisciplinary approach integrating imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry is essential for establishing an accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49082,"journal":{"name":"Cytojournal","volume":"23 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}