N. Matsukawa, H. Araki, K. Narita, K. Masuda, S. Atsumi, M. Kuriyama, K. Imamiya
{"title":"Process technologies for a 16 ns high speed 1 Mb CMOS EPROM","authors":"N. Matsukawa, H. Araki, K. Narita, K. Masuda, S. Atsumi, M. Kuriyama, K. Imamiya","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111041","url":null,"abstract":"An EPROM cell structure is described that uses folded word lines with double Al layers. Cell characteristics are optimized to obtain high-speed access. The data retention reliability and erasability are studied, focused on a 2Al metallization process. The feasibility of the technology has been confirmed by a 1-Mb CMOS EPROM device which shows 16 ns access time and extremely high data retention reliability. Process and device parameters are summarized. An 0.8-μm N-well CMOS, 1 poly Si+1 MoSi polycide double metal technology is used. To fabricate 5-V and 12.5-V high-voltage NMOS and PMOS transistors simultaneously, masked lightly-doped-drain structures are used","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127258067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hsing-Huang Tseng Hsing-Huang Tseng, P. Tobin, F. Baker, J. Pfiester, K. Evans, P. Fejes
{"title":"The effect of silicon gate microstructure and gate oxide process on threshold voltage instabilities in BF2 implanted P+ gate p-channel MOSFETs","authors":"Hsing-Huang Tseng Hsing-Huang Tseng, P. Tobin, F. Baker, J. Pfiester, K. Evans, P. Fejes","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111033","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the effects of P+ poly gate microstructure and gate oxide cycle on boron penetration from gate electrode through thin oxide is reported. The boron diffusion and the trap generation in the oxide can be significantly reduced by using an as-deposited amorphous Si gate and an oxide cycle which incorporates less Cl into the film. A strong interaction between fluorine and boron results in boron penetration into the channel and electron trap generation in the oxide. A larger grain size means fewer grain boundaries are available for boron and fluorine diffusion from the P+ gate to oxide. Less fluorine in the oxide results in less electron trap generation and less boron penetration to the Si substrate. A smaller content of Cl in the oxide results in a reduction of boron penetration. Finally, a co-implant of boron and fluorine into the as-deposited amorphous Si gate results in minimum boron diffusion into the Si substrate, which may provide the control of fluorine dose needed to reduce the interface trap density between oxide/Si interface. Increasing the grain size of the poly gate as reported above can be applied to reduce the large concentration of fluorine introduced into the gate oxide by other processes such as CVD tungsten polycide technology","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123507847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kinugawa, M. Kakumu, T. Yoshida, T. Nakayama, S. Morita, K. Kubota, F. Matsuoka, H. Oyamatsu, K. Ochii, K. Maeguchi
{"title":"TFT (thin film transistor) cell technology for 4 Mbit and more high density SRAMs","authors":"M. Kinugawa, M. Kakumu, T. Yoshida, T. Nakayama, S. Morita, K. Kubota, F. Matsuoka, H. Oyamatsu, K. Ochii, K. Maeguchi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110989","url":null,"abstract":"Thin-film transistor (TFT) cell technology has been proposed for high-density SRAM cells. It was demonstrated that when utilizing this technology both low standby current and high cell stability are obtained simultaneously without increasing cell size. TFT characteristics required for 4-Mb SRAMs are discussed, and it is noted that improvements in packing density while maintaining low standby current cause difficulties in achieving stable cell characteristics in very-high-density SRAMs using a conventional high-resistance load cell (Hi-R cell). In SRAMs with feature size of 0.5 μm or less, operation voltage is lowered due to severe hot-carrier-induced degradation in MOSFETs. To achieve desirable characteristics for future SRAMs, the grain size dependence of TFT characteristics was investigated. It is shown that low-temperature regrowth of α-Si is a promising method to obtain very large grain size, resulting in excellent TFT characteristics. TFT technology was applied to a 4-Mb SRAM with a new cell structure, where the drain regions of driver transistors form gate electrodes for TFTs. The 4-Mb SRAM was successfully fabricated, verifying the feasibility and validity of the TFT technology","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121643915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Burghartz, J. Sun, S. Mader, C. Stanis, B. Ginsberg
{"title":"Perimeter and plug effects in deep sub-micron polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors","authors":"J. Burghartz, J. Sun, S. Mader, C. Stanis, B. Ginsberg","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111005","url":null,"abstract":"The scaling limits of nonplanar polysilicon emitters are studied by fabricating and measuring NPN transistors with emitter depths between 10 nm and 25 nm, with emitter widths down to 0.2 μm, and with an epitaxial base as narrow as 50 nm. Excellent device characteristics can be achieved for an emitter depth of 25 nm. Transistors with shallower emitters are degraded by an arsenic depletion at the emitter perimeter and by plugging of the polysilicon in very narrow emitters. The dopant depletion at the perimeter for wide and plugged emitters has been verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Additional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) gives more uniform dopant distribution and a nondegraded transistor with a 0.2 μm-wide, 20 nm-deep poly emitter. It is thought desirable to scale down the emitter poly thickness, to reduce the emitter topography, or to use in situ doping in order to overcome the perimeter and plug effects in very narrow bipolar transistors","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116892694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yoshikawa, N. Arai, S. Mori, Y. Kaneko, Y. Ohshima, K. Narita, H. Araki
{"title":"A new MOSFETs degradation induced by gate current in off-state condition","authors":"K. Yoshikawa, N. Arai, S. Mori, Y. Kaneko, Y. Ohshima, K. Narita, H. Araki","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111014","url":null,"abstract":"A PMOSFET degradation phenomenon induced by gate current in the off-state condition was studied experimentally for single-drain and lightly-doped-drain (LDD) structures. It is found that scaling down the gate length causes the gate bias condition where the fastest degradation is observed to shift from a condition of maximum gate current to one of zero gate voltage. This indicates a new constraint for scaling PMOSFETs. The hot-electron induced punchthrough (HEIP) effect has been considered one of the serious constraints for utilizing the single-drain structure, as well as for high-voltage applications. Effective channel length can be reduced significantly by HEIP effects in the on-state condition, but once the off-state drain leakage current increases, the off-state stress becomes more severe than the on-state HEIP effect","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128561508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tsubouchi, K. Masu, N. Shigeeda, T. Matano, Y. Hiura, N. Mikoshiba, S. Matsumoto, T. Asaba, T. Marui, T. Kajikawa
{"title":"Selective and nonselective deposition of aluminum by LPCVD using DMAH and microregion observation of single crystal aluminum with scanning μ-RHEED microscope","authors":"K. Tsubouchi, K. Masu, N. Shigeeda, T. Matano, Y. Hiura, N. Mikoshiba, S. Matsumoto, T. Asaba, T. Marui, T. Kajikawa","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110980","url":null,"abstract":"A controllable method is described for the selective or nonselective growth of high-quality Al on Si(100), Si(111) and TiN versus SiO2 by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using a dimethylaluminum hydride (DMAH) source. The selectivity deposited Al on Si surface was confirmed to be single-crystal by microregion observation with a scanning μ-RHEED microscope. The authors produced high quality hillock-free and alloy-spike-free aluminum on Si, TiN and SiO2 with potential application to VLSI fabrication","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130147856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Comfort, P. Lu, D. Tang, T. Chen, J. Sun, B. Meyerson, W. Lee, J. Warnock, J. Cressler, K. Toh, J. Cotte
{"title":"A 26 ps self-aligned epitaxial silicon base bipolar technology","authors":"J. Comfort, P. Lu, D. Tang, T. Chen, J. Sun, B. Meyerson, W. Lee, J. Warnock, J. Cressler, K. Toh, J. Cotte","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111003","url":null,"abstract":"A self-aligned epitaxial base technology is presented which allows fabrication of advanced bipolar devices with 40 to 60 nm basewidths and implementation of novel profile design concepts. The viability of this technology for advanced bipolar circuits has been examined by fabricating ECL ring oscillators, thus demonstrating that fully scaled epi-base devices can be successfully integrated. Devices with current gains of 80-90 and intrinsic base sheet resistances less than 10 kΩ/sq were fabricated. Epitaxial technology was used to position a novel lightly doped collector (LDC) spacer within the base collector junction of these heavily doped, thin-base devices to control avalanche breakdown and increase BVCEO. Conventional and active pull-down ECL ring oscillators with minimum gate delays of 40.5 and 26.3 ps, respectively, were fabricated with devices showing a measured cutoff frequency of 19.6 GHz","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130426070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kohyama, T. Yamamoto, A. Sudo, T. Watanabe, T. Tanaka
{"title":"Buried bit-line cell for 64 Mb DRAMs","authors":"Y. Kohyama, T. Yamamoto, A. Sudo, T. Watanabe, T. Tanaka","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110986","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose a buried bit-line (BBL) stacked capacitor cell structure for high-density dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). The cell area can be reduced to as small as 8.7<e1>F</e1><sup>2</sup>, where <e1>F</e1> is the lithographic feature size. A 2.25-μm<sup>2</sup> cell area is achieved using a 0.51-μm feature size. A 1.4-μm<sup>2 </sup> cell area is attainable using a 0.4-μm feature size. The memory-cell vertical size (2<e1>F</e1>) includes a line and space for a trench isolation pattern in which the buried bit-line is formed. The horizontal size (4<e1>F</e1>+<e1>a</e1>) includes two word-line line and space pairs and a word-line to bit-line contact alignment tolerance denoted by <e1>a</e1>. A storage node contact is self-aligned to the word-line. Since the <e1>a</e1> is considered to be less than <e1>F</e1>/2, a cell area of less than 9<e1>F</e1><sup>2</sup> is realized. If the bit-line contact is also self-aligned to the word-line, an 8<e1>F</e1><sup>2</sup> cell area can in theory be realized","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134262538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromigration characteristics of via chains for multilayered metallization","authors":"K. Okuyama, T. Fujii, Y. Tanigaki, R. Nagai","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.110995","url":null,"abstract":"Electromigration phenomena associated with vias of multilayered TiW/AlCuSi/TiW metallization were studied. It was found that the resistance change due to stress current of the via chain was different from that of the metal line. The activation energy related to the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the via chain was much larger than that of the metal line. The alloying reaction between Al and TiW dominated the lifetime of the via chain. The TiW layer, which blocked Al flow, played an important role in the high electromigration resistance of the via","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133994579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photo assisted LPCVD TiN for deep submicron contacts using organo-titanium compound","authors":"K. Ikeda, M. Maeda, Y. Arita","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1990.111008","url":null,"abstract":"Work on forming high-quality TiN barrier layers by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) in deep-submicron contacts is reported. A high-quality titanium nitride film was prepared by the photo-assisted LPCVD method using a new organo-titanium compound, Cp2Ti(N3)2, that does not contain chlorine atoms. The film exhibits sufficient barrier effect to withstand 450°C annealing as well as low resistivity, and adequate step coverage. This fabrication method can be used at lower deposition temperatures","PeriodicalId":441541,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers.1990 Symposium on VLSI Technology","volume":"1 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124575619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}