{"title":"Investigations of the interaction between different barrier metals and copper surface during the chemical-mechanical polishing","authors":"D. Zeidler, Z. Stavreva, M. Plotner, K. Drescher","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621087","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the copper surface during chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) by measurements of the mixed corrosion potential. The acceleration of the W or Ti polish rate can be explained by the galvanic coupling between Cu and barrier metal. Using patterned wafers we examined the influence of different barrier metal on the copper passivation layer and the copper dishing effect. The formation of Cu pattern by CMP is based on the planarization ability of the process during the removal of the passivations layer. The planarization ability is geometry dependent and has also an effect on Cu dishing.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133442606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization and control of PVD TiN uniformity","authors":"L. Asinovsky","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887506","url":null,"abstract":"Thin titanium nitride (TiN/sub x/) films have numerous applications in VLSI metallization technology. One of the main uses of this material is as a barrier layer for Al interconnect. The demand for barrier material is to prevent interdiffusion while maintaining low resistivity. Thus, uniformity is desired in both composition and thickness. Standard reactive ion sputtering is a widely used deposition technique well suited for TiN/sub x/ barriers. Physical properties and uniformity of the TiN films are strongly dependent on deposition conditions. In a production environment, however, sputtered films need to be reproducible and uniform across the wafer's diameter. Although TiN/sub x/ thickness and uniformity data is commonly derived from sheet resistance measurements, sheet resistance is sensitive to stoichiometry as well as thickness and can give incorrect results. To optimize deposition conditions for uniform thickness and monitor TiN/sub x/ films in production environment, a more reliable metrology control is needed. This paper presents results of a reactive sputtering process optimization using production multiple angle-of-incidence (MAI) ellipsometer with blue laser (wavelength of 459nm) as the metrology tool.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121682284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local nucleation and lateral crystallisation of the silicide phases in CoSi2 buffer layer of YBCO/CoSi2/Si structure","authors":"I. Belousov, E. Rudenko, S. Linzen, P. Seidel","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621114","url":null,"abstract":"The metallic cobalt disilicide (CoSi/sub 2/) with a lattice mismatch to Si of only 1.2% and l.5% to YBCO, a thermal expansion coefficient (9.4/spl middot/10/sup -6/ K/sup -1/ between YBCO and Si, low electrical resistivity and as a material for low-resistance ohmic contact to n- and p-type Si could be a very interesting component of multilayer structure based on YBCO and silicon. Phenomena of the local nucleation, lateral crystal growth and agglomeration of cobalt silicide phases have been investigated with emphasis an a possible cause of the surface roughness and pinholes of the silicide layer.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117250322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.V. Mikhal'chuk, A. Orlikovsky, A. G. Vasiliev, O. Lebedev, D. Zakharov
{"title":"Deposition of thin TiN films by low-power reactive magnetron sputtering","authors":"P.V. Mikhal'chuk, A. Orlikovsky, A. G. Vasiliev, O. Lebedev, D. Zakharov","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621094","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the study of low-power reactive magnetron sputtering (LPRMS) of TiN films at subcritical nitrogen pressures. Emphasis was given to the structural and electrophysical properties of the layers as candidates for barrier and VLSI interconnection applications.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131377148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal etcher characterization using flash memory cells as charge sensors","authors":"S. Alba, A. Colognese, E. Ghio","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887550","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, flash memory cells in 0.5 /spl mu/m technology have been used as charge sensors to characterize a Transformer Coupled Plasma (TCP) metal etcher. The philosophy of the method is analogous to that of CHARM wafers.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127828124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra trace analysis and electrical characterization of Cu diffusion through thin quasi-amorphous Ta-N-O barriers","authors":"M. Stavrev, D. Fischer, C. Wenzel, T. Heiser","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621084","url":null,"abstract":"Besides the advantages of Cu-based metallization systems, like lower electrical resistivity and higher electromigration resistance, they have one major drawback-Cu is a fast diffuser into Si and SiO/sub 2/. Hence, a diffusion or drift barrier is necessary between Cu and Si or SiO/sub 2/ respectively, in order to prevent deterioration of the devices. Many refractory metals and their compounds have been studied, with Ta-based diffusion barriers being among the most promising. Unfortunately, most of these barriers are polycrystalline and provide inadequate protection because they contain grain boundaries that may serve as active diffusion paths for Cu. Depositing an amorphous-like film even very thin (/spl les/50 nm) barriers can be used without any danger for the integrity of future ULSI devices. This work focuses on the microanalytical and electrical characterization of 5 to 50 nm thin quasi-amorphous Ta-N-O diffusion barriers in the Cu/Si contact system.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"1067 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116296227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The change of electrical properties of the aluminum-porous silicon contact by thermal annealing","authors":"S. Zimin, E. P. Komarov","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621101","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was investigating the dependence of electrical parameters of ohmic aluminum contacts to porous silicon (PS) from conducting thermal annealing operation in the range of 300-500/spl deg/C and the analysis of obtained results from the point of physical-chemical phenomena at the Al-PS border by temperature influence.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131070517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solid solution disilicide thin films: formation, structure, properties and application","authors":"L. Dvorina","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887575","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of solid phase interaction of transition metals with silicon in quasibinary systems CrSi/sub 2/-MeSi/sub 2/ (Me-Ti,Ta,Mo, and other) for film structures was examined. The Cr-Me-Si layers have been prepared by sputtering from solid solution disilicide targets, produced by the method of powder metallurgy on vacuum technology. The methods of electronography, in situ measurements of electrical resistance, elevation of the annealing temperature are used to establish regularities in formation of films of the studied disilicide solid solution. The sample composition was determined using Auger electron spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132308062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective TiSi2 by CVD, one step further","authors":"D. Maury, J. Regolini","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887527","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Some of the problems to be overcome within ULSI technology are those related to the contact metallization over very shallow junctions. The scalability of sub-0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS devices imposes a junction depth of the order of 0.1 to 0.15 /spl mu/m to minimize the short channel effect and punchthrough current. Consequently, active area metallization requirements make it more difficult to use metal silicides, since thin layers are associated with poor contact and sheet resistance. The investigation of contact materials is permanent in order to have a self-aligned contact scheme in the sub-0.5 /spl mu/m regime. TiSi/sub 2/ formed by self-aligned silicide (SALICIDE) technology, has for some considerable time been practically the best candidate due to the low resistivity, good adhesion and thermal stability. Several studies have been published on the application of this technology in ULSI circuits down to design rules of 0.25 /spl mu/m and below. However, some drawbacks are still reported with the standard salicide like substrate consumption, dopant redistribution and film agglomeration which make necessary some complementary steps such as preamorphization by ion implantation or thin metal layer deposition. Using CVD we have already shown several benefits of TiSi/sub 2/ silicidation from the vapor phase. An industrial cluster reactor at reduced pressure and temperature has obtained selective deposition, lower contact resistance and higher saturation current, low sheet resistance on poly bars independently of the line width down to 0.2 /spl mu/m as well as a one step process which increases throughput.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114599378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of HF solutions for the cleaning of TiSi2 surface","authors":"M. Baklanov, S. Vanhaelemeersch, K. Maex","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887531","url":null,"abstract":"HF-based solutions are widely used in microelectronics for surface cleaning. For example these solutions are very effective for the removal of SiO/sub 2/ formed during storage in air and for the passivation of a silicon surface. These solutions are also used for the final cleaning of TiSi/sub 2/ after the formation of contact holes in SiO/sub 2/. Nevertheless, the influence of HF solutions on the TiSi/sub 2/ properties and contact resistance with metal has not been studied. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of HF solutions on TiSi/sub 2/ properties.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122049446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}