{"title":"Zirconium diboride low resistance layers","authors":"A. Andreeva, V. Statsenko, L.A. Klatchkov","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621129","url":null,"abstract":"The ion-plasma sputtering method, as we see it, is perspective for the zirconium diboride thin films production. The literature sources on the zirconium diboride thin films growth characteristics are sparse. The goal of this paper is to investigate the possibility of the zirconium diboride thin films production with the magnetron sputtering method and to investigate its structure and physical properties.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116881327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Braeckelmann, D. Manger, S. Seo, S. Beasor, S. Nijsten, A. Kaloyeros
{"title":"Deposition of barrier layer and CVD copper under no exposed wafer conditions: adhesion performance and process integration","authors":"G. Braeckelmann, D. Manger, S. Seo, S. Beasor, S. Nijsten, A. Kaloyeros","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887500","url":null,"abstract":"Describes the development of an integrated in-situ process for the sequential deposition of the barrier layer (Ti/TiN or Ta/TaN), and the CVD Cu layer under no-exposed-wafer (cluster tool) conditions. Results of a systematic and quantitative study of the adhesion strength of Cu CVD on various liners of interest for ULSI applications is discussed. The adhesion strength of the Cu films on air exposed and in-situ deposited barrier layers, as well as the chemical state and composition of the interface were compared. The investigations also explored the effects of various ex-situ wet chemical and in-situ plasma clean techniques to enhance the adhesion of Cu. The adhesion strength was measured quantitatively by a stud pull test and a peel test using an adhesive tape.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114553097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.V. Pluscheva, L.G. Shabelinikov, I. V. Malikov, A. Andreeva
{"title":"Investigation of chemical interactions on the interface W/Si(100) during the deposition of W thin films by various techniques","authors":"S.V. Pluscheva, L.G. Shabelinikov, I. V. Malikov, A. Andreeva","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621109","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction processes on W/Si(100) interface when obtaining the W films by means of CVD from a tungsten hexa-fluoride-hydrogen mixture with different ways of activation of reaction products were studied. The influence of thermal treatment on film composition, electrical resistivity, and internal deformations was analysed. Comparative investigation of the CVD-processes in a low pressure reactor by two methods: 1) thermal CVD (activation energy of process 16.8 kkal/mole); 2) plasma-enhanced CVD (activation energy is 3.8 kkal/mole) was carried out.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126526941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction sequence of thin ni films with [001] 3C-SiC","authors":"S. Gasser, A. Bachli, E. Kolawa, M. Nicolet","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621116","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. Nickel is frequently used as a contact to SiC. We investigate the reaction sequence between Ni and cubic SiC at annealing temperatures between 400/spl deg/C and 700/spl deg/C in vacuum. The films are analyzed by 3.2 MeV /sup 4/He/sup ++/ backscattering spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry to determine elemental depth profiles, X-ray diffraction to characterize reaction compounds, and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy to visualize the microstructure of the reacted layer. We find that a reaction starts after annealing at 450/spl deg/C for 30 min with an outdiffusion of carbon through the nickel layer up to the surface where it remains stable during additional annealing. The same annealing temperature leads to interdiffusion of Ni and Si with formation of the Ni/sub 3/Si phase. Ni/sub 31/Si/sub 12/ starts to form at 450/spl deg/C after annealing during 120 min, and it is the only detected phase in the sample annealed at 500/spl deg/C. The Ni/sub 2/Si phase, which is the thermodynamically stable phase with SiC together with elemental C, starts to grow down from the surface toward the SiC at 600/spl deg/C, and about half of the previous layer is consumed after 30 min. After the 700/spl deg/C/30 min anneal only this phase can be detected. At this stage, the carbon distribution still shows an accumulation on the surface, followed by a concentration sink underneath and an almost constant distribution through, most of the remaining depth of Ni/sub 2/Si down to the interface. In terms of the microstructure the film shows two major distinct layers, an upper part with very fine structure, and a lower part of distinctly columnar structure.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132597854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"W CMP process integration","authors":"E. Sicurani, M. Fayolle, Y. Gobil, Y. Morand","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621068","url":null,"abstract":"As integrated circuit devices continue to scale towards smaller geometry, the requirements imposed on the advanced metallization become increasingly stringent: high degree of planarity, low defectivity level, high device yield. Since etch back tungsten introduces many particles and recess, tungsten CMP appears as a very promising technology for new generation of ULSI devices. This work reports a characterisation of W CMP process using different slurries.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115695488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copper CMP evaluation: slurry chemical effect on planarization","authors":"F. Romagna, M. Fayolle","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887502","url":null,"abstract":"As the semiconductor industry drives toward faster circuits, the RC delay due to metalization layers needs to be reduced. Thanks to its low resistivity, copper appears to be a very promising substitute for aluminum in interconnections. In addition, its higher electromigration resistance should lead to greater circuit reliability. However, copper is very difficult to pattern. A damascene process using copper CMP should overcome this issue. This paper is focused on copper CMP evaluation. Two experimental slurries with different oxidizers (one oxygen peroxide based, the other ferric nitrate based) have been evaluated and optimized to improve the planarization effect.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131608164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Band structure and transport properties of semiconducting rhenium silicide thin films grown epitaxially on silicon","authors":"P. Muret, I. Ali, T.T.A. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887576","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. Transport properties of semiconducting rhenium silicide thin films have been measured, in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the silicon substrate. Optical properties are also reassessed. This silicide, which shows a commensurable fit with the (111) surface of silicon, has been epitaxially grown on such substrates by reactive deposition at 650/spl deg/C of the simultaneous flux of rhenium and silicon atoms coming from two sublimation cells. Post-anneals at 750/spl deg/C and 850/spl deg/C in hydrogen partial pressure have been done. From Hall effect measurements, the semiconducting silicide appears as p-type in the first case and n-type in the second case, with a lower concentration of residual doping. But in any case, the intrinsic regime is almost reached near room temperature, in agreement with the band gap deduced from optical absorption measurements. The band gap is also found as the difference between the two transition thresholds observed in the internal photoemission response, evaluated from the photocurrent induced by illumination in the silicide-silicon heterojunction. Band discontinuities with silicon are also deduced. Conductivity and Hall effect measurements on high resistivity silicon substrates show that the electron mobility is at least 200 cm2/Vs at ambient temperature and in excess of 1000 cm/sup 2//Vs at the liquid nitrogen temperature. These facts indicate that the rhenium silicide thin film quality has been dramatically improved by the aforementioned thermal treatment and may be used in photodetector devices in the infrared range up to wavelengths near 5 /spl mu/m with the inherent advantage of its compatibility with silicon technology.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127485526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized indium oxide films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering","authors":"A. Axelevitch, E. Rabinovitch, G. Golan","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621102","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent conductive coatings with high electrical conductivity and maximum optical transparency attracts much attention in recent years. Most of the works published till present in this field were concentrated in the physical analysis and design of thin film coatings. In our work we present a different approach to the fabrication design of transparent conductive thin films. Instead of analyzing complex physical models of the final product, a linear mathematical model to control the processing stages of these films is applied. The linear model is based on a mathematical approach which optimizes the processing parameters to yield best coating performance.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121598027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Glebovsky, S. N. Ermolov, V. N. Motuzenko, E.D. Shfinov
{"title":"Properties of tungsten silicide thin films obtained by magnetron sputtering of composite cast targets","authors":"V. Glebovsky, S. N. Ermolov, V. N. Motuzenko, E.D. Shfinov","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1998.887562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1998.887562","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The standard technique of deposition of thin films, having the silicide composition and structure, involves magnetron sputtering of a pure metal film onto the surface of a silicon substrate and then high-temperature annealing. Deposition of thin films by magnetron sputtering of compacted silicide powder targets is of limited use because of the high content of gaseous and light metallic impurities stipulated by standard powder metallurgy processes. Thin silicide films deposited by sputtering such targets have high electrical resistivity and comparatively low reproducibility. A more advantageous procedure is deposition of silicide films by magnetron sputtering cast silicide targets of the necessary chemical composition. However, the casting of silicide targets for commercial magnetron sputtering is a well-known metallurgical problem because solidified tungsten silicides are very brittle. It seems that the optimal solution of this problem, which enables one to produce cast silicide sputtering targets, is mosaic targets consisting of copper bases and small cast silicide ingots attached to the base by soldering or another procedure. In this study we present our experimental results on the thin tungsten silicide films deposited by magnetron sputtering of mosaic cast tungsten disilicide targets. The cast tungsten disilicide ingots have been produced from 5N-purity silicon and high-purity tungsten.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116768305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Baumann, M. Markert, T. Werner, M. Rennau, C. Kaufmann, T. Gessner
{"title":"TIN/W double layers as a barrier system for use in Cu metalization","authors":"J. Baumann, M. Markert, T. Werner, M. Rennau, C. Kaufmann, T. Gessner","doi":"10.1109/MAM.1997.621086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAM.1997.621086","url":null,"abstract":"Copper is considered as a candidate to replace aluminum based interconnections in integrated circuits, because of its higher electromigration resistance and low electrical resistivity. To fulfill the overall requirements it will be necessary to develop an adequate interconnection system for this material. This includes reliable barriers, but also resulting properties of the whole metalization system like, for example, corrosion resistance, adhesion properties, behaviour during patterning or reliability. This paper discusses both the barrier properties of a TiN(N/Ti 1)/W system and its effect on resulting properties of the deposited Cu film. The copper films were deposited by PVD or CVD.","PeriodicalId":302609,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization,","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}