Nutrition Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between food literacy and food insecurity: a systematic review.","authors":"Eunseo Lee, Minjeong Jeong, Jinhyun Kim, Dahye Han, Junhyeok Jang, Eunjin Jang, Sohyun Park","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.557","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Interest in food insecurity (FI) has intensified amid global efforts to address dietary and nutritional issues. Food literacy (FL) has emerged as a key competency for promoting healthy eating behaviors and potentially mitigating FI. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the relationship between FL and FI by summarizing their definitions and components, comparing measurement tools, and examining overall trends and characteristics of their association.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. Studies examining FL and FI as primary variables were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Nine studies published between 2019 and 2025 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using JBI checklists, and findings were synthesized narratively due to study heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The included studies employed cross-sectional, quasi-experimental (pre-post), mixed-methods, and cluster randomized controlled designs. FI was primarily assessed using definitions proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization or the United States Department of Agriculture. FL was commonly measured using frameworks based on Vidgen and Gallegos (2014). Most cross-sectional studies reported an inverse relationship between FI and FL. However, one cross-sectional study found no significant relationship, suggesting that sociocultural and economic factors may influence this association. Intervention studies generally showed improvements in FL and reductions in FI or related behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most studies indicated that individual FL levels were associated with FI status. In some studies, this relationship appeared to be influenced by sociodemographic, economic, and cultural factors, although these findings were not consistently reported. The findings suggested that combining FL education with structural strategies may more effectively alleviate FI. Future research should use standardized measurement tools and longitudinal or randomized controlled designs to clarify the observed associations and potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between FL and FI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 4","pages":"557-570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dietary factors and serum uric acid levels in Korean women aged 19-65 years.","authors":"Inji Lee, Sebin Choi, Hyunjung Lim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.627","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Hyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. This study investigated the dietary factors associated with the serum uric acid (SUA) levels in Korean women.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This study analyzed the data from the 2016-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 4,201 women aged 19-64 yrs. The dietary intake was assessed using a single 24-h dietary recall, and the SUA levels were categorized into quartiles. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the nutrient and food group intake and the SUA levels after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were significantly associated with elevated SUA levels, whereas carbohydrate intake had a significant inverse association with the SUA levels. Dietary fiber intake was lower in the highest SUA quartile than in the lowest quartile, but dietary fiber was not independently associated with the SUA levels after a full adjustment. At the food group level, higher intakes of meat and high-purine seafood were positively associated with the SUA levels, whereas the grain intake showed an inverse association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher SUA levels may be associated with dietary patterns characterized by an increased intake of fats, particularly SFA and MUFA derived from animal-based foods, rather than the isolated effects of individual fatty acids. Carbohydrate- and grain-based dietary components may play a protective role in uric acid metabolism. Considering the link between elevated SUA and the chronic disease risk, dietary management focusing on overall dietary patterns rather than single nutrients may be an important preventive approach. Further prospective cohort studies will be needed to confirm the causal relationships between diet and the SUA levels in the general Korean population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 4","pages":"627-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary iodine and selenium exposure and thyroid function in adults: a total diet study with biomarker assessment.","authors":"Dlkhwaz A Hama, Karzan A Mohammed Hawrami","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.669","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Excessive intake of iodine and selenium is increasingly recognized as a potential public health concern in populations undergoing dietary transition, yet integrated evidence linking food-based exposure, biomarkers and thyroid function remains limited. This study evaluated dietary iodine and selenium exposure and examined their association with thyroid function in healthy adults in Halabja City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, using a combined dietary and biomarker approach.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 healthy adults (18-60 yrs) from Halabja City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire combined with a total diet study approach, in which composite food samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Urinary iodine (iodine-to-creatinine ratio), serum selenium and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between iodine intake and TSH after adjustment for demographic and nutritional covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean iodine and selenium intakes were 206.99 µg/day and 291.14 µg/day, respectively. Cereal and cereal-based foods were the major contributors to both iodine and selenium intake, accounting for 65.97% and 68.82% of total intake, respectively. Biomarker findings indicated adequate-to-high iodine and selenium status at the population level. Most participants remained within the euthyroid range, and dietary iodine intake was not independently associated with TSH after multivariable adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests novel evidence that staple-based dietary patterns can drive excessive iodine and selenium exposure in adults. Although no independent association between dietary iodine intake and TSH was observed after multivariable adjustment, most participants remained within the euthyroid range, suggesting possible physiological adaptation; however, subclinical effects cannot be excluded. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring iodized salt practices and dietary exposure pathways in populations with reliance on staple foods, and demonstrate the value of integrating total diet study methodology with biomarker assessment into nutritional surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 4","pages":"669-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between water intake and oral health among Korean adolescents according to their sugar-sweetened beverages consumption.","authors":"Hyunwoo Hwang, Jeewon Koh, Jung Woo Lee","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.656","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.4.656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adolescence is a critical period for developing healthy oral habits and preserving permanent teeth, which largely determine oral health throughout life. This study investigated the association between water intake and oral disease-related symptoms among Korean adolescents based on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (18th to 20th) was used, and 159,383 adolescents were analyzed in this study. Daily water intake was categorized as ≤ 2, 3-4, or ≥ 5 cups/day whereas SSB consumption was categorized as 0, 1-2, 3-4, or ≥ 5 times/week. Oral disease-related symptoms include tooth fractures, tooth pain during drinking or eating, aching or throbbing toothache, and gingival bleeding. Stratified analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic, health behavior, and dietary behavior variables, were performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for oral disease-related symptoms according to their daily water intake within each SSB consumption category, using the ≥ 5 cups/day group as a reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with adolescents with the highest water intake, those with the lowest water intake had higher odds of at least one oral disease-related symptom when they consumed SSB 1-2 times/week (aOR, 1.134; 95% CI, 1.065-1.207; <i>P</i> < 0.001) or 3-4 times/week (aOR, 1.107; 95% CI, 1.044-1.174; <i>P</i> = 0.002). However, no significant differences were observed among those who consumed SSB 0 times/week and ≥ 5 times/week.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low water intake was associated with a higher prevalence of at least one oral disease-related symptom among Korean adolescents consuming SSB 1-4 times per week. Further research using objective oral health outcomes (e.g., actual caries treatment) is needed to better clarify the association between water intake, SSB consumption and oral health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 4","pages":"656-668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neck circumference as a predictor of possible sarcopenia in women aged 50-79 years residing in Gwangju, Korea.","authors":"Kyoung Yun Kim, Jung-Mi Yun","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.449","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Neck circumference (NC) is recognized as a useful indicator of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Despite its extensive use abroad, it is not yet widely used in Korea. Possible sarcopenia is defined as either low muscle strength or low physical performance. This study aimed to determine the optimal NC cut-off value for early screening of possible sarcopenia as an assessment tool for the effective prevention and management of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>In our cross-sectional study, we analyzed the data of 200 participants aged 50-79 yrs to determine the NC cut-off value for possible sarcopenia, as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In women, NC positively correlated with calf circumference, a diagnostic item for sarcopenia, in the 50-64-yrs (<i>r</i> = 0.585, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and 65-74-yrs (<i>r</i> = 0.465, <i>P</i> = 0.029) age groups. Possible sarcopenia was significantly associated with NC according to univariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses. The optimal cut-off value for NC associated with an increased risk of possible sarcopenia was 36.9 cm in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NC is a potentially useful early screening tool for possible sarcopenia in individuals aged > 50 yrs, thereby helping delay the progression to sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 3","pages":"449-460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented oyster extract promotes height growth in children with mild short stature: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Jongbae Kim, Keunwon Kim, Minji Park, Sangki Park, Mu Hyun Jin, Hosong Cho, Ae-Son Om","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.461","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds/objectives: </strong>Child growth is affected by genetics, nutrition, physical activity, and environmental factors. Despite the improvements in average height among Korean children due to better socioeconomic and nutritional status, safe and effective growth-promoting interventions are still needed for children with mild short stature. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of fermented oyster extract (FGO) supplementation in children aged 6 to 9 yrs with heights between the third and 25th percentiles for age and gender.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects received FGO (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) once daily (500 mg/day) for 24 weeks. This study evaluated the height growth, bone age (BA), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) for the efficacy of FGO and sex hormones, including estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone, for its safety. Finally, 66 children (33 each in the FGO and placebo group) completed the study. No significant baseline differences existed between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 24 weeks, the FGO group showed significant improvements in height, height SD score, and height velocity (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). BA and BA delay improved significantly in the FGO group (<i>P</i> = 0.024 and <i>P</i> = 0.035). The FGO group showed significantly greater changes in the IGF-1 and urine DPD levels (<i>P</i> = 0.010 and 0.001, respectively). The GH and IGFBP-3 concentrations increased in the FGO group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. No serious adverse events or increase in sex hormones were observed after FGO supplementation, assuring its safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FGO may be a safe and effective health supplement ingredient for height growth in children, irrespective of gender. Future studies will need to evaluate the long-term effects of FGO and its applicability across various populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 3","pages":"461-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake and food sources of choline in Koreans: findings from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2018-2022.","authors":"Jee-Seon Shim, Mijoo Choi, Eugene Shim, Eunju Park","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.476","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Choline is an essential nutrient that plays important roles in the biological functioning of the human body. Insufficient choline intake has been reported worldwide; however, data from the Korean population are limited. This study aimed to estimate the dietary choline intake and identify its major sources in Koreans.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>We analyzed the 24-h dietary recall data of 31,789 participants aged ≥ 1 yr from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2022. Dietary choline intake was calculated using the newly developed choline content of foods. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing sex- and age-specific adequate intake (AI) and tolerable upper intake level (UL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean dietary choline intake was 591 mg/day (median: 544 mg/day) in Koreans aged ≥ 1 yr, which was 143% (median: 132%) of the AI. Approximately 70% of Koreans had intakes between the AI and UL, but nearly 30% consumed less than the AI. Dietary choline intake below the AI was more prevalent among females and older individuals. Three-fifths of the dietary choline intake came from plant-based foods. The main food groups that contributed to dietary choline intake were grains (45.2%), eggs (13.4%), meat (12.2%), fish (7.3%), and vegetables (5.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although specific subpopulations were observed to have dietary choline intake below the AI, the overall dietary choline intake among Koreans appeared to be sufficient. This study estimated the dietary choline intake from foods alone. Further research is required to assess the intake of choline-containing compounds and dietary supplements and gain a more comprehensive understanding of choline intake in the Korean population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 3","pages":"476-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of healthy lifestyle and dietary practices with prediabetes among young Korean adults: sex-specific findings from KNHANES 2020-2024.","authors":"Youngmi Lee, Sooyoun Kwon, Heejung Park, Jean Kyung Paik, Hee-Sook Lim, Yoo Kyoung Park, Yun-Jung Bae","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.539","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Despite the increasing prevalence of prediabetes among young Korean adults, evidence regarding modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors in this population remains limited. This study investigated the association of healthy lifestyle and dietary practices with prediabetes among Korean adults aged 19-34 yrs using sex-specific analyses.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined data from 3,865 participants (1,805 men and 2,060 women) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2020-2024. Prediabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL or a glycated hemoglobin level of 5.7-6.4% without diagnosed diabetes. Healthy lifestyle practices included nonsmoking, moderating drinking, and walking. Healthy dietary practices comprised appropriate fat intake (15-30% of energy), sodium intake of ≤ 2,300 mg/day, fruit and vegetable intake of ≥ 500 g/day, and nutrition label use. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 15.9% of participants had prediabetes. Participants with prediabetes had higher body mass index and lower engagement in muscle-strengthening exercise in both sexes. Among men, prediabetes was associated with more frequent eating out and lower nutrition label use, and among women, it was associated with higher dietary fat density and lower fiber intake density. In men, adherence to healthy dietary practices was significantly associated with lower odds of prediabetes after multivariable adjustment (adjusted OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.96; <i>P</i>-value = 0.025). No significant association was detected between healthy lifestyle practices and prediabetes in either sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthy dietary practices were inversely associated with prediabetes among young Korean men, whereas healthy lifestyle practice indicators showed no significant correlation. These findings suggest that early, sex-specific dietary strategies may be relevant for metabolic risk management among young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 3","pages":"539-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food literacy as a moderator in the relationship between food security and dietary diversity among adults in Seoul: based on the 2021-2023 Seoul Food Survey.","authors":"Minjeong Jeong, Jinhyun Kim, Dahye Han, Eunseo Lee, Eunjin Jang, Sarang Jeong, Sohyun Park","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.490","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Food literacy (FL) and food security are key factors influencing healthy eating and dietary diversity. This study examined whether FL moderates the relationship between food security and dietary diversity score (DDS) among adults in Seoul.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the 2021-2023 Seoul Food Survey and included 8,248 adults aged 18-64 yrs. The DDS was calculated based on daily intake from 5 food groups (0-5 points). Food security was classified as secure or insecure. FL was assessed using a 33-item scale across nutritional and safety, cultural and relational, and socioecological domains. Participants were grouped into three FL levels. χ² tests, <i>t</i>-tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Food-secure participants had significantly higher DDS (2.47 vs. 2.22, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and FL scores (64.03 vs. 60.85, <i>P</i> < 0.001), including all subdomains. The DDS gap between the secure and insecure groups was the largest among those with low FL (2.32 vs. 1.74, <i>P</i> < 0.001), narrowing with higher FL. In contrast, among adults with high FL, the food-insecure group showed a higher DDS than the food-secure group. A significant interaction was found between FL and food security on DDS (<i>P</i> for interaction < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the highest FL group had greater odds of high DDS (odds ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.84-2.43; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FL moderates the relationship between food security and dietary diversity, with this association varying across FL levels. FL education may improve diet quality, particularly in food-insecure populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 3","pages":"490-503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> intake improves lipid metabolism in older women during marine healing: a nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis.","authors":"Hyunju Yun, Bora Lee, Seunghyeon Kim, Eunsik Park, Young-Shick Hong, Clara Yongjoo Park","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.435","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.3.435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Marine healing is an integrative program that uses marine resources to alleviate physical and psychological discomforts; however, studies on its effects on serum metabolites are limited. We hypothesized that a short-term marine healing and additional sea mustard (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) intake would affect serum metabolites in women, with effects varying by age.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Thirty young (mean age: 20.2 ± 1.8) and 22 older women (mean age: 53.6 ± 4.6) participated in a 5-day marine healing program involving exercise and mind-body practices. Women were randomly assigned to a balanced control diet or one supplemented with sea mustard. The latter group also consumed sea mustard noodles for 14 days after completing the program. An additional city control group without intervention served as a control for older women (n = 20). Fasting serum was analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and changes were compared between treatment groups according to age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum triglyceride, fatty acid, and lactate decreased immediately after marine healing, with additional sea mustard intake resulting in increased serum 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels. When categorized by age, the effect of sea mustard intake on serum lipid metabolites were highly evident in older women. Serum amino acids increased in both age groups after marine healing regardless of sea mustard intake; however, few changes persisted through day 20.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term marine healing can influence lipid and amino acid metabolism, with additional intake of sea mustard enhancing lipid oxidation and energy metabolism especially in older women.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0003307, KCT0004025.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 3","pages":"435-448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}