Nutrition Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Deoxyshikonin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.","authors":"Shaolan Yu, Dayan Nie, Xia Guan, Lihui Shan, Xun Yu, Sanjun Guo","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.2.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2026.20.2.167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Deoxyshikonin (DSK) has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in various types of cancers, but its roles and action mechanisms in breast cancer (BC) are unclear. This study examined the anti-cancer function and mechanism of DSK in BC.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>MDA-MB-231 and BT549, human BC cells, were used. The cell viability and apoptosis levels were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 experiments and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related factors (Ki-67, Bax, and Bcl-2), CD206, CD168, and proteins involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The cell invasion ability was determined using the Transwell experiment. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The <i>in vivo</i> functions of DSK were assessed using a xenograft mouse model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DSK inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced cell apoptosis, and reduced the cell invasion of MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. DSK also reduced the levels of CD206 and CD168 proteins, as well as IL-10 and TGF-β in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced THP-1 cells. DSK downregulated the expression of the phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-NF-κB proteins in cells. These effects were reversed by 740 Y-P (PI3K/AKT activator). In addition, DSK significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight in a xenograft mouse model. DSK increased the level of cell apoptosis and decreased the expression of Ki-67 and CD206 in subcutaneous tumor tissue. DSK also inactivated the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DSK inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and tumor immune microenvironment of BC cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, indicating that DSK may be a potential therapeutic option for BC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 2","pages":"167-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding upcycled food acceptance among young female consumers in South Korea: the role of perceived consumption values, food neophobia and environmental awareness.","authors":"Mavis Esi Afari-Agyapong, Borham Yoon","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.2.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2026.20.2.346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify key perceived consumption values in the context of upcycled food and examine how these perceived consumption values influence consumer attitudes and purchase intentions among young females. Additionally, the study explored differences in perceived consumption values, attitudes, and purchase intentions based on levels of food neophobia and environmental awareness (EA).</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A self-administered online survey was conducted among female college students at a university in Jeollanam-do, South Korea, in April 2025. A total of 236 valid responses were collected. To test the proposed relationships between variables, factor analysis and multiple regression were performed. Additionally, independent samples <i>t</i>-tests were used to examine differences in consumer perceptions based on levels of food neophobia and EA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 perceived consumption values constructs, emotional, epistemic, functional, and economic values, excluding social value due to factor cross-loading. Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional (β = 0.434) and epistemic values (β = 0.324) were significant predictors of positive attitude toward upcycled food. Purchase intention was significantly influenced by emotional (β = 0.409), epistemic (β = 0.224), and economic values (β = 0.145). Independent samples <i>t</i>-tests showed significant group differences across all variables for food neophobia (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with neophilic consumers demonstrating more favorable value perceptions, attitude, and purchase intention. For EA, significant group differences were observed across all variables except epistemic value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that emotional and epistemic appeals are particularly effective in engaging young female consumers in the upcycled food market. The strong acceptance observed among environmentally aware and less neophobic consumers underscores the importance of emphasizing environmental benefits, emotional engagement, and perceived value to improve consumer acceptance of upcycled food.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 2","pages":"346-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum bone mineral density in Korean women: associations with lactation status and calcium intake.","authors":"Cheawon Lee, Hangyeol Jeon, Yoon Ha Kim, Myeong Gyun Choi, Jong Woon Kim, Clara Yongjoo Park","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.145","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Postpartum bone metabolism undergoes substantial alterations based on breastfeeding status. Research on maternal calcium intake and bone recovery, particularly among Asian women, remains limited. This study investigated postpartum change in bone mineral density (BMD) and its association with calcium intake during late pregnancy and post-delivery according to breastfeeding status.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Thirty-six women (22 breastfeeding, 14 non-breastfeeding) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 3 times: 1) within 3 days of delivery, 2) at 6 mon postpartum for non-breastfeeding women or within 1 mon of weaning for breastfeeding women, and 3) at 12 mon postpartum. Dietary calcium intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire and dietary supplement survey at all visits. Association between calcium intake with percentage change in BMD (%ΔBMD) was assessed by linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter significantly decreased during breastfeeding, whereas non-breastfeeding women displayed increased BMD at the femoral neck at 6 mon postpartum. In non-breastfeeding women, postpartum calcium intake was positively associated with %ΔBMD at the total hip, femoral neck, and intertrochanter (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Few significant associations were observed between %ΔBMD and late pregnancy intakes across all women, regardless of breastfeeding status. At 12 mon, BMD in breastfeeding women recovered to delivery levels, while non-breastfeeding women maintained their BMD observed at 6 mon postpartum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postpartum calcium intake is positively associated with bone recovery in non-breastfeeding women, suggesting that its effects on bone recovery potentially vary with lactation status.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0005118.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-obesity effects of <i>Withania somnifera</i> and <i>Chrysanthemum zawadskii</i> Herbich var. <i>latilobum</i> (Maxim.) Kitamura by regulating lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.","authors":"Seong-Hoo Park, Yejin Ha, Eunhee Yoo, Jaeeun Jung, Mi-Ryeong Park, Soyoung Kim, Jong-Lae Kim, Jong Wook Lee, Minhee Lee, Ok-Kyung Kim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.3","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance, leading to an increased risk of metabolic disease. While <i>Withania somnifera</i> (AS) and <i>Chrysanthemum zawadskii</i> Herbich var. <i>latilobum</i> (Maxim.) Kitamura (C) have traditionally been used for their metabolic regulatory properties, their combined effects on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and insulin signaling remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of AS, C, and their optimal combination (ASC) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by investigating their impact on lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>Following adipogenic differentiation, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with AS, C, and ASC at different concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AS, C, and ASC significantly inhibited adipogenesis by downregulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha and beta phosphorylation, thereby reducing lipid accumulation in adipocytes. They also suppressed lipogenesis by downregulating the expression of dephosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and lipoprotein lipase. In contrast, they markedly enhanced lipolysis, as evidenced by increased hormone-sensitive lipase and protein kinase A expression, along with elevated glycerol release and cAMP levels. Furthermore, AS, C, and ASC activated energy metabolism pathways, as indicated by the upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase, uncoupling protein 1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, suggesting a transition toward enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Notably, AS, C, and ASC significantly improved insulin signaling by restoring insulin receptor substrate 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Akt phosphorylation, while upregulating glucose transporter type 4 expression, indicating enhanced glucose uptake. Among all treatments, ASC showed relatively greater efficacy compared to AS or C alone, suggesting a potential additive effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that ASC effectively modulates multiple metabolic pathways in adipocytes, including adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, energy metabolism, and insulin signaling, to exert its anti-obesity effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory effects of <i>Hizikia fusiformis</i> on the dopaminergic system in a neonatal habenular lesion-induced attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-like rodent model.","authors":"Ye-Jin Kim, Young-A Lee","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.31","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The dysregulation of the dopamine (DA) system is a key factor in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. The habenula is a crucial regulator of DA neurotransmission and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD. <i>Hizikia fusiformis</i> (HF), a brown seaweed rich in fucoidan and fucosterol, has demonstrated neuroprotective properties. However, its effects on DA system modulation and neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HF extract on DA receptor expression in SH-SY5Y cells and its potential anti-ADHD effects in a neonatal habenula-lesioned (NHL) rat model exhibiting ADHD-like hyperlocomotion, inattention, and impulsivity.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>SH-SY5Y cells were treated with HF extracts at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL for 24 h, followed by immunostaining to evaluate DA-related protein expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided bilateral habenular injections of ibotenic acid (0.15 μL of 10 μg/μL in artificial cerebrospinal fluid) on postnatal day (PND) 7. HF extract was administered orally once daily from PND 21-28. Subsequently, behavioral assessments were conducted during the juvenile period (PND 28-35).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HF treatment selectively downregulated dopamine receptor D (DRD)-2 and DRD5, whereas the levels of DRD1, DRD3, and DRD4 remained unchanged in SH-SY5Y cells. Behavioral analyses revealed that HF administration significantly ameliorated NHL-induced hyperactivity, attentional deficits, and impulsive behaviors in juvenile rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that HF functions as a DRD2/DRD5 modulator, contributing to DA system regulation and potentially mediating anti-ADHD effects. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuromodulatory effects of HF and its therapeutic potential for DA-related neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadening article types to better reflect scholarly contributions in nutrition research.","authors":"Eunju Park, Jae Eun Shim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics among artificially sweetened beverages consumers in Korea.","authors":"Bo Hwi Kim, Jae Eun Shim, SuJin Song","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.156","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) consumption has been increasing globally, including Korea, but detailed data on the intake levels and consumers' characteristics are limited. This study examined sociodemographic, lifestyles, and dietary characteristics among ASBs consumers in Korea.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Three hundred and twenty adults (≥ 18 yrs) who reported consuming ASBs in the 2021-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were selected. Based on the 24-h dietary recall data, ASBs were classified using food codes and names, and further categorized according to the product name. The daily ASBs consumption (g/day) was calculated for each participant, and the participants were divided into 2 groups based on the median value (372.8 g/day). The general characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary characteristics were compared between the 2 consumption groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average daily ASBs consumption was 432.5 g (SD = 283.2) for men and 361.4 g (SD = 265.4) for women. ASBs consumption was 424.6 g (SD = 259.5) for individuals aged 18-29 yrs, 400.2 g (SD = 320.0) for those aged 30-39 yrs, and 360.5 g (SD = 249.3) for those aged ≥ 40 yrs. ASBs consumption was higher among overweight/obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 23 kg/m²) (427.2 g, SD = 296.3) compared to non-overweight/obese individuals (361.0 g, SD = 241.8). The group with higher ASBs consumption was younger (<i>P</i> < 0.001), had a higher proportion of men (<i>P</i> = 0.013), and had a higher BMI (<i>P</i> = 0.007). The higher consumption group had a greater proportion of individuals attempting to lose or maintain weight (<i>P</i> = 0.016), higher energy intake (<i>P</i> = 0.032), lower frequency of fruits consumption (<i>P</i> = 0.005), and a higher frequency of dinner consumption (<i>P</i> = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings may serve as baseline data for future research and programs related to ASBs consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Korean Healthy Eating Index sub-domains and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: data from the 2022-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Ha-Jeong An, Sang-Jin Chung","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.114","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>To evaluate the association between the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors in Korean adults, focusing on 3 KHEI domains.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Data from 9,161 adults (3,985 men, 5,176 women) aged 19-64 yrs who participated in the 2022-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. MetS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The KHEI scores were calculated using the revised 2022 KHEI. Statistical analysis was performed using complex sample design methods, including the Rao-Scott χ² test, analysis of covariance, and survey logistic regression, with adjustments for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of MetS was significantly lower in the group with highest total KHEI score than in the group with lowest score in men (odds ratio, 0.658; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.492-0.881). Among the 3 domains, Adequacy was the most effective predictor of MetS. The highest score group exhibited significantly decreased odds of MetS in men (0.689; 95% CI, 10.523-0.909) and women (0.665; 95% CI, 0.456-0.969). Total KHEI scores were significantly lower in the MetS group than in the non-MetS, in both men and women (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Within the adequacy, scores for breakfast, fruit, and milk/dairy product intake were lower for individuals with MetS (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In the Moderation, gender-specific patterns in MetS risk were observed, as women in the highest score group exhibited a higher risk. The Balance was generally not associated with MetS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reveal that a high quality diet, particularly in the Adequacy domain, is associated with a lower risk of MetS. Dietary patterns within each KHEI domain may differentially influence MetS risk. Therefore, future nutritional strategies for the prevention of MetS should focus on improving the adequacy of essential food groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"114-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit intake, fruit glycemic load, and type 2 diabetes risk: findings from a community based Korean cohort study.","authors":"Ae Wha Ha","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.101","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Previous findings on fruit intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been inconsistent, with limited sex-specific evidence. This study examined the relationship between fruit intake, the fruit-glycemic load (GL), and T2D risk in a Korean cohort using sex-stratified analyses.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Participants from the Ansan and Anseong Cohort were categorized into quartiles of fruit intake and fruit-GL. Nutrient intake, incidence rate of T2D, person-year (yr) during follow-up, and the contribution of individual fruits to the total fruit-GL were assessed. Where appropriate, tests for the linear trend were performed, as were the Cox proportional hazards ratio (HR) tests for T2D by fruit, the fruit-GL, and individual fruits, adjusting for various covariates (expressed as HRs and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Partial correlations were used to determine the associations between fruit intake, fruit-GL, and nutrient intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Those in the highest fruit-GL quartile tended to be older, female, and of lower socioeconomic status. During a 19-yr follow-up (73,545.3 person-yrs), 761 new cases of T2D occurred (incidence rate of 10.4). The highest quartile of fruit intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-2.03; <i>P</i> = 0.042) with a borderline association with the fruit-GL (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.98-1.91; <i>P</i> = 0.058) in female. Higher watermelon and melon/chamoe intakes were associated with an increased risk of T2D in female. Fruit intake and fruit-GL were positively correlated with carbohydrates and inversely correlated with protein and fat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among Korean adult female, excessive fruit consumption (even low fruit-GL) was found to significantly increase diabetes risk, accompanied by higher carbohydrate intake and lower protein intake. These findings suggest that the quantity and quality of fruit, as well as the overall balance of macronutrients, may influence diabetes risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"101-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and usability evaluation of a web-based healthy eating practice questionnaire for Korean preschool children: a child-parent dyad approach.","authors":"Young-Hee Han, Dawon Park, Dahyeon Kim, Saerom Shin, Eun Yeol Woo, Hye-Kyung Park, Taisun Hyun","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.132","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2026.20.1.132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The illustrated Healthy Eating Practice Questionnaire (HEPQ) was previously developed to assess food preferences, eating behaviors, hand/oral hygiene practices, and nutrition knowledge among Korean preschool children. Nevertheless, the lack of an integrated scoring system has limited its interpretability. This study developed a scoring system and a web-based platform with tailored feedback using a child-parent dyad approach.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The development process consisted of 5 phases: 1) questionnaire preparation for online use, 2) formulation of the scoring system, 3) determination of the cut-off values for three levels of healthy eating practices based on a child-parent survey, 4) technical development of the online platform, and 5) usability evaluation. A scoring system was established by standardizing the domain scores to a 100-point scale. One hundred child-parent pairs participated in the survey to calculate the Healthy Eating Practice Score (HEPS) and determine cut-off values for the HEPS levels. The validity of the cut-off values was examined by a comparison with the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P). A web-based platform was developed, and 47 child-parent pairs were used to assess its usability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant positive correlations were observed between child and parent HEPS across all domains. The HEPS-based classification showed good discriminative ability because higher HEPS levels were consistently associated with higher NQ-P scores in children and parents. The web-based HEPQ was easy to use and understand, and almost all participants (97.9% of children and 93.6% of parents) reported no difficulties using the platform.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The web-based HEPQ platform with an integrated scoring system provides a valid, user-friendly tool for assessing and interpreting healthy eating practices in preschool children. This platform supports parental engagement in children's healthy eating practices and provides a practical tool for evaluating the effectiveness of nutrition education in early childcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"132-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}