Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Exercise-induced metabolomics and its association with metabolic health in adolescents.","authors":"Xiaoyuan Guo, Zhibo Zhou, Yutong Wang, Huishan Sun, Shanshan Liu, Yiling He, Hanze Du, Hongbo Yang, Huijuan Zhu, Mei Zhang, Bo Ban, Shi Chen, Hui Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00946-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00946-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While exercise training has been shown to improve various aspects of adolescent metabolic health, such as blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. No study has examined the metabolomic changes to identify potential mechanisms and explore biomarkers that predict exercise benefits in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used propensity score matching to select 54 pairs of adolescents (ages 12-14 years) with and without long-term exercise training. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and metabolic indicators including blood pressure, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglycerides (TGs) were assessed at enrollment and 1-year follow-up. Untargeted metabolomics was analyzed at enrollment. The associations between metabolites and clinical metabolic indicators were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolomic analysis revealed 73 differential metabolites between exercise and non-exercise groups, with 59 metabolites associated with metabolic health indicators. Among them, a group of eicosanoids were consistently upregulated and negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HOMA-IR, or TGs, suggesting their potential roles in exercise-related improvements. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed better predictive performance for exercise benefits on DBP and TGs using papaverine and azelaic acid compared to BMI and WC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents with long-term exercise are associated with improved metabolic health. Metabolomic profiles provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and offer useful biomarkers for predicting exercise benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the causality between micronutrients and esophageal cancer via Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Zhuo Diao, Guangyin Peng, Yige Chen, Jun Wang, Jianjun Liu, Zhaopeng Zhang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00940-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00940-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an ongoing debate about how micronutrients influence the risk of developing esophageal cancer (EC), requiring more definitive proof to ascertain their causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study seeks to identify the causal relationship between 14 micronutrients and EC through Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a two-sample MR analysis of micronutrients in relation to EC, using five different MR methodologies, chief among them the Inverse Variance Weighted method. To ascertain the direction of causal links, Steiger filtering was applied. The study culminated in a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the European population, iron (OR = 0.231, 95% CI: 0.073-0.727, P = 0.012) and magnesium (OR = 0.357, 95% CI: 0.143-0.894, P = 0.028) were associated with a reduced risk of EC, both showing suggestive evidence of a causal relationship. In Asian populations, however, no significant causal effects were found between the 14 micronutrients and EC. The direction of causality was validated across all results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among European populations, iron and magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of EC, a benefit not seen in Asian populations. Personalized strategies and region-specific advice are necessary for EC prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): data from the NHANES III (1988-1994).","authors":"Ying Zhang, Peng-Yu Luo, Yu-Na Tang, Jing Wang, Shuai Gao, Yu-Chen Fan, Kai Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00942-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00942-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic value of the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the NHHR and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III and the National Death Index (NDI). The NHHR was calculated according to the formula. The results of mortality associated with the NDI were recorded as of December 31, 2019. We used a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression to assess the associations between the NHHR and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to explore the relationships between the NHHR and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3155 patients with a definite diagnosis of MASLD. A total of 1,381 (43.8%) patients with MASLD died, and 1,774 (56.2%) survived. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that NHHR was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality in MASLD patients. The RCS curve showed a significant nonlinear trend between the NHHR and all-cause mortality in patients with MASLD. Subgroup analysis revealed that the NHHR was better suited to predict cardiovascular mortality in patients without advanced fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed the clinical value of the NHHR in the prediction of mortality in the MASLD population. The NHHR can be used as a biomarker for follow-up in people without advanced fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal role of homocysteine in multiple diseases: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.","authors":"Xiuyuan Zhu, Jiangnan Wei, Jingling Li, Shunli Zuo, Jiaxian Wang, Ning Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00933-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00933-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated in the development of multiple diseases; however, its causal role remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies provide a robust approach to assessing causality by minimizing confounding and reverse causation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the causal role of Hcy in various diseases by synthesizing evidence from MR studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for MR studies published up to May 30, 2024. Studies investigating the association between genetic predisposition to Hcy levels and specific diseases were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from 33 MR studies (covering 31 distinct primary outcomes) suggest that genetically elevated Hcy levels are associated with an increased risk of several health conditions, including: Five cardiovascular diseases: small vessel stroke, small artery occlusion stroke, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. Six musculoskeletal diseases: soft tissue disorders, osteoporosis with pathological fractures, hospital-diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA), overall OA, knee OA, and hip OA. One musculoskeletal biomarker: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for BMI. Two digestive system diseases: gastric cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Three digestive biomarkers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). One urogenital system disease: chronic kidney disease. Two mental disorders: schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type I. One metabolic disorder: metabolic syndrome. Conversely, elevated Hcy levels are associated with a reduced risk of: One neurological disorder: multiple sclerosis. Two neurological biomarkers: gray matter volume and total brain volume. Five musculoskeletal biomarkers: heel bone mineral density (BMD), right/left grip strength, walking pace, and appendicular lean mass. One urogenital system biomarker: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Additionally, genetically reduced plasma Hcy levels correlated with higher forearm BMD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide significant evidence for the role of Hcy in disease causation and may contribute to the development of future preventive measures or therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite dietary antioxidant index of antioxidant vitamins and sarcopenia risk: insights from the UK biobank and NHANES cohorts.","authors":"HuiMin Liu, YuDi Xu, QingSheng Li, LingFei Yang, Xuan Yang, KaiXin Wang, Zhe Gong, Qiang Zhang, YanJie Jia","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00945-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00945-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), reflecting total dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, may indicate overall antioxidant capacity. This study examined its association with the risk of probable sarcopenia, defined by handgrip strength, in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants aged over 60 from the UK Biobank (N = 22,921) and National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2014 (N = 2,641) cohorts were categorized into probable sarcopenia and non-probable sarcopenia groups. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the associations between CDAI (both continuous and quartile) and its components (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotene) with probable sarcopenia risk in cohorts, with sex subgroup and sensitivity analyses to validate results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (interquartile range) of CDAI was -0.39 (-1.88, 1.45) in the UK Biobank and -0.57 (-1.60, 0.84) in NHANES, respectively. A higher CDAI was significantly associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in both cohorts. Specifically, each one-unit increase in CDAI was associated with a 2% decrease in the odds of probable sarcopenia in the UK Biobank (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.998, p = 0.027) and a 13.5% decrease in NHANES (OR = 0.865, 95% CI = 0.75-0.997, p = 0.045), after full adjustment under the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) criteria. In quartile analyses, the risk of probable sarcopenia tended to decrease across higher CDAI quartiles, although the dose-response trend was not strictly linear. In the UK Biobank, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) across increasing CDAI quartiles were: Q1 (reference), Q2 = 0.87 (0.78-0.97), Q3 = 0.91 (0.81-1.01), and Q4 = 0.86 (0.77-0.96). In NHANES, the trend was more pronounced: Q1 (reference), Q2 = 0.47 (0.24-0.94), Q3 = 0.39 (0.19-0.82), and Q4 = 0.46 (0.22-0.95). Additionally, higher dietary intake of carotene, one of the key antioxidant components, was independently associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in both cohorts. Subgroup analyses indicated an inverse association between CDAI and probable sarcopenia risk in females across both cohorts, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of probable sarcopenia in older adults, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies. Further research on underlying mechanisms and sex differences is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the associations between prior weight loss and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in non-elderly individuals with hyperuricemia: a mortality follow-up study.","authors":"Yanshan Li, Xiufang Kong, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00930-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00930-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperuricemia, a common metabolic condition, is strongly associated with obesity and represents as an independent risk factor for elevated risk of mortality. This observational study aimed to examine the sex-specific associations of prior long-term weight loss (LTWL), defined as a sustained reduction in body weight maintained for at least 12 months, with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in non-elderly individuals with hyperuricemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-elderly individuals with hyperuricemia and a historical maximum body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² from the 1999-2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Sex-specific associations between prior LTWL (< 5%, 5-9.9%, 10-14.9%, and ≥ 15%) with all-cause and CVD mortality were investigated by weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and stratified analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,130 participants included, 505 all-cause (147 from CVD) deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 113 months. Compared with the LTWL < 5% reference group, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the LTWL 5-9.9%, 10-14.9% and ≥ 15% groups were 1.11 (0.72-1.71), 1.34 (0.79-2.26) and 1.85 (1.14-2.92), respectively, for all-cause mortality (P for trend = 0.02) and 1.83 (0.76-4.43), 2.15 (0.76-6.10), and 3.76 (1.51-9.36), respectively, for CVD mortality (P for trend = 0.003). Significant associations between LTWL with all-cause and CVD mortality were observed exclusively in female, not male participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prior LTWL ≥ 5% was associated with increased all-cause and CVD mortality in US non-elderly female participants with hyperuricemia. Additional prospective and longitudinal randomized clinical trials are necessary to further examine the current findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurine corrects lupus CD4⁺ T cell imbalance through inhibition of mTORC1 signaling.","authors":"Saisai Huang, Yiyuan Cui, Yaqi Zhang, Hanyin Deng, Shanshan Liu, Xuebing Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00936-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00936-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to explore the metabolism features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of taurine in the control of CD4⁺ T cells and the progression of SLE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolomic profiles of sera from SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The therapeutic effects of taurine in vivo were observed in resiquimod (R848) induced mice, and the effects of taurine on various functions of CD4⁺ T cells were examined by flow cytometry. The effect of mTORC1 agonist MHY1485 on the regulatory capacity of taurine was examined in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both untargeted metabolomics assays and independent sample validation showed that serum levels of taurine were reduced in SLE patients compared to HCs (P<0.0001), which was inversely correlated with disease activity scores (P<0.05). Taurine supplementation relieved the progression of lupus in R848 induced mice, characterized by a decrease in anti-dsDNA (P<0.01) and proteinuria (P<0.05) and a reduction in the severity of nephritis (P<0.05). And, taurine supplementation improved the differentiation of cell subsets such as Th17 (P<0.001) and Treg cells (P<0.001) in these mice. In vitro, taurine suppressed reactive oxygen species production (P<0.001), proliferation (P<0.0001) and senescence (P<0.0001) of mouse spleen cells. The level of pS6 (P<0.0001) but not AKT in CD4⁺ T was significantly decreased after taurine treatment, while mTORC1 agonists partially blocked the effect of taurine on CD4⁺ T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taurine may play a therapeutic role by ameliorating CD4⁺ T cell abnormalities through inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic profiles and prediction of failure to thrive of citrin deficiency with normal liver function based on metabolomics and machine learning.","authors":"Peiyao Wang, Duo Zhou, Lingwei Hu, Pingping Ge, Ziyan Cen, Zhenzhen Hu, Qimin He, Kejun Zhou, Benqing Wu, Xinwen Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00928-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00928-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore metabolite pathways and identify residual metabolites during the post-neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (post-NICCD) phase, while developing a predictive model for failure to thrive (FTT) using selected metabolites.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A case-control study was conducted from October 2020 to July 2024, including 16 NICCD patients, 31 NICCD-matched controls, 34 post-NICCD patients, and 70 post-NICCD-matched controls. Post-NICCD patients were further stratified into two groups based on growth outcomes. Biomarkers for FTT were identified using Lasso regression and random forest analysis. A non-invasive predictive model was developed, visualized as a nomogram, and internally validated using the enhanced bootstrap method. The model's performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves. Metabolite concentrations (amino acids, acylcarnitines, organic acids, and free fatty acids) were measured using liquid chromatography or ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was identified as the most significantly altered pathway in post-NICCD patients. Twelve residual metabolites altered during both NICCD and post-NICCD phases were identified, including: 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, C5:1, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, C18:1OH, C20:4, myristic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, carnosine, hydroxylysine, phenylpyruvic acid, and 2-methylcitric acid. Lasso regression and random forest analysis identified kynurenine, arginine, alanine, and aspartate as the optimal biomarkers for predicting FTT in post-NICCD patients. The predictive model constructed with these four biomarkers demonstrated an AUC of 0.947.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While post-NICCD patients recover clinically and biochemically, their metabolic profiles remain incompletely restored. The predictive model based on kynurenine, arginine, alanine, and aspartate provides robust diagnostic performance for detecting FTT in post-NICCD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of lean and non-lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mengyan Xu, Rui Gong, Jiao Xie, Sanping Xu, Shi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00927-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00927-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects more than a quarter of the global population and has become the world's number one chronic liver disease, seriously jeopardizing public life and health. Despite the new terminology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed, the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity across BMI stratification in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences in metabolic and fibrotic characteristics between lean (BMI < 23 kg/m²) and non-lean NAFLD in an Asian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study collected NAFLD patients from the physical examination population. Patients were divided into two groups by BMI to compare their clinical parameters, including lean (BMI < 23 kg/m²) and non-lean (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m²) and fibrosis subgroups (with a threshold of LSM = 8 kPa) and analyzed for risk factors by logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 11,577 NAFLD patients who participated in the study, there were 916 lean and 10,661 non-lean. The non-lean group was younger than the lean group (median age 50 vs. 52 years, P < 0.001) and had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (28.0% vs. 18.3%), diabetes mellitus (10.1% vs. 6.1%), and liver fibrosis (9.1% vs. 5.1%) (all P < 0.001). Analysis of metabolic indexes showed that TyG, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C and APRI were higher in the non-lean group (all P < 0.001). Gender stratification revealed that ALT was significantly higher in the male non-lean group, while HDL-C was lower in the female non-lean group (1.35 vs. 1.47 mmol/L). Multiple regression suggested that the risk of fibrosis was independently associated with CAP values and fasting glucose, BMI, direct bilirubin, globulin, and age in the non-lean group, whereas the risk was mainly driven by GGT and ALP in the lean group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-lean NAFLD patients showed more significant metabolic disturbances and risk of liver fibrosis. Although metabolic indicators (TyG, FIB-4) have limited predictive value for liver fibrosis, they are strongly associated with metabolic risk in MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Farshad Amirkhizi, Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh, Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki, Somayyeh Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00932-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00932-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Plant-based diets are associated with reduced CVD risk factors. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and other metabolic biomarkers in women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 150 females aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PCOS were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the relevant demographic characteristics, detailed clinical information, and lifestyle habits of participants. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and DPI was calculated accordingly. We used multiple linear regression to determine the association between serum concentrations of ADMA, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin, and lipid profile, as well as atherogenic indices across quartiles of DPI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a negative correlation between the DPI and serum levels of ADMA (p-trend = 0.022), triglycerides (TG) (p-trend = 0.003), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) (p-trend = 0.001), insulin (p-trend = 0.045) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p-trend = 0.018). Moreover, there was a tendency for visceral adiposity index (VAI) (p-trend = 0.005) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (p-trend = 0.001) to decrease as the quartile categories of DPI increased. No significant regular trend was found for serum levels of FSG, SHBG, total testosterone, other lipid profiles, and lipid accumulation product (LAP).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that adherence to a phytochemical-rich diet decrease the CVD risk factors in PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}