Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Acute effects of \"exercise snacks\" during prolonged sitting on hemodynamics and peripheral vascular function: a three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Hai Wang, Yuanbo Chang, Hao Wang, Kaiyue Diao, Shiqi Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01120-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01120-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Prolonged sitting acutely impairs flow-mediated dilation (FMD) by reducing peripheral blood flow and vascular shear stress. Interspersing prolonged sitting with short bouts of physical activity (i.e., “exercise snacks” or sedentary breaks) has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate these adverse effects. However, previous meta-analyses have been limited by small sample sizes and by inadequate handling of the statistical dependency arising from multiple effect sizes within studies, thereby limiting the robustness of their conclusions. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD420261282295). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library (up to September 30, 2025) for randomized crossover or parallel controlled trials involving adults aged ≥ 18 years. Eligible studies compared the effects of sedentary breaks with prolonged sitting on acute hemodynamic and peripheral vascular outcomes. Data were pooled using a three-level random-effects model in R (metafor package) to account for statistical dependency, and the results were compared with those from traditional two-level models. We also reported 95% prediction intervals and conducted outlier diagnostics, leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regressions, and publication bias assessments. RESULTS: A total of 36 studies comprising 632 participants were included. Compared with prolonged sitting, sedentary breaks significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (Hedges’ g = 0.44 [95% CI, 0.06–0.81]; P = 0.02; GRADE: Moderate), increased peripheral blood flow (g = 0.46 [0.22–0.71]; P < 0.001; GRADE: Moderate), and reduced systolic blood pressure (MD = − 1.67 mm Hg [95% CI, − 2.81 to − 0.52]; P < 0.001; GRADE: Moderate). Shear rate increased in the primary analysis (g = 0.32 [0.09–0.54]; P = 0.008; GRADE: Very Low) but became non-significant after trim-and-fill ([Formula: see text]) adjustment, suggesting potential small-study effects. Moderator and meta-regression analyses indicated that shear rate improvements were influenced by the type of break (stair climbing yielded the largest effect) and were positively correlated with break duration. Improvements in peripheral blood flow were associated with the total duration of sitting. Among the additional hemodynamic and vascular outcomes, heart rate increased slightly (GRADE: Very Low), whereas mean arterial pressure (GRADE: Moderate), diastolic blood pressure (GRADE: Moderate), and peripheral arterial diameter (GRADE: Moderate) showed no significant consistent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Breaking up prolonged sitting with short bouts of physical activity (“exercise snacks”) acutely improves flow-mediated dilation and peripheral blood flow, and is associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. Mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and peripheral arterial diameter did not show c","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between DASH diet adherence and mortality in non-diabetic adults with and without chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Shang-Feng Tsai, Wei-Ju Liu, Yu-Jung Lin, Chia-Lin Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01118-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01118-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, but its impact on mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed data from 37,827 adults in the NHANES 1999–2014 cycles (without diabetes). Participants were stratified by CKD status (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) and DASH adherence (above or below median score). Mortality outcomes were assessed via the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and diet, were used to evaluate associations with all-cause, cardiovascular (CV), and cancer mortality. RESULTS: High DASH adherence was associated with healthier metabolic profiles and lower blood pressure. Among non-CKD participants, higher DASH scores were linked to significantly lower composite CV or cancer mortality (HR 0.896; 95% CI, 0.806–0.997; p = 0.0431), but not to all-cause, CV, or cancer mortality individually. No significant mortality associations were observed in participants with CKD, and interaction effects between DASH and CKD status were non-significant. Higher intake of dietary fiber, magnesium, and potassium was associated with reduced mortality in the overall and non-CKD populations. However, in CKD participants, high magnesium and potassium intake were paradoxically associated with increased cancer mortality. CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to the DASH diet is associated with lower CV and cancer-related mortality among individuals without CKD. In CKD patients, the benefits are less clear, and some nutrients may have differential effects. Personalized dietary strategies based on kidney function may be warranted. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isocaloric-restricted traditional Jiangnan diet combined with physical exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Yan Wu, Lei Li, Xiancui Zhang, Yan Xu, Jing Xu, Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01105-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01105-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health challenge, yet culturally tailored dietary interventions for Chinese populations remain understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of an isocaloric-restricted traditional Jiangnan diet (TJD) compared to a control diet (CD), with or without moderate-intensity physical exercise, on NAFLD. METHODS: In this 6-month randomized controlled trial, 228 overweight/obese patients with MRI-confirmed NAFLD recruited from Wannan Medical College Yijishan Hospital were randomly assigned to four groups: CD, CD-PA, TJD, or TJD-PA. The exercise protocol consisted of 35-minute moderate-intensity interval training (50%–70% heart rate range) performed 3–5 times per week. The primary outcome was the absolute percentage change in body weight. Secondary outcomes included changes in liver steatosis and stiffness measured by FibroScan. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models following an intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: After 6 months of interventions, weight loss was significant across all groups (Ptime < 0.001), with no significant group differences. Although no differences were observed among the four groups in glucose metabolism or lipid profile changes, the TJD-PA group showed significantly greater improvements in liver stiffness measurement (LSM, -0.38 kPa, 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.36), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP, -34.39 dB/m, 95% CI, -40.07 to -28.71), waist circumference (-5.20 cm, 95% CI, -5.32 to -5.09), and body fat percentage (-1.35%, 95% CI, -1.43 to -1.26) compared to the other three groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that while isocaloric restriction effectively drives weight loss, the synergy between TJD and physical activity provides superior benefits in mitigating hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and abdominal adiposity, offering a potent lifestyle strategy for NAFLD management in Chinese adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) under registration (ChiCTR2500106462). </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paeoniflorin: a natural candidate for the treatment of metabolic diseases.","authors":"Minghao Ji, Haoyang Gao, Xiaotong Ma, Wei Dai, Jiabin Wu, Weihua Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of metabolic diseases (MetDs) is rising annually and poses a major challenge to public health. Paeoniflorin(PF), a naturally occurring phytochemical, considerably improves insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. This article comprehensively reviews recent research on the role of PF in the treatment of six common MetDs: diabetes mellitus and its complications, non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, cholestasis, and polycystic ovary syndrome, along with its potential molecular mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the pharmacological and toxicological properties of PF and propose strategies to enhance its bioavailability, opening new avenues for its clinical application. Overall, this study demonstrates that PF exhibits therapeutic potential against various MetDs and may serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of metabolic disorders. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic inflexibility mediates the association between type 2 diabetes and impaired post-exercise heart rate recovery: a mediation analysis.","authors":"Yutao Liu, Jiahui Wu, Nan Li, Suhui Zhang, Yan Feng, Ying Zhang, Yong Shao","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01114-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01114-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, while type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) coexists in up to 40% of patients with established CVD and nearly doubles the risk of death. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a recognized predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the specific influence of T2DM on HRR remains incompletely understood. Metabolic inflexibility—reflected by a reduced peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)—is characteristic of T2DM and may mediate its impact on HRR. We investigated this potential mediation relationship in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients. METHODS: We performed a single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study of 275 post-PCI patients at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from September 2023 to August 2024. Demographics, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and physical activity status were recorded. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provided peak RER (RERpeak), ΔRER, and first-minute after peak exercise HRR (HRR1). Using multivariate regression, we assessed associations among T2DM, RER parameters, and HRR1, while adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation analysis evaluated whether RER parameters mediated the relationship between T2DM and HRR1. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to β-blocker use. RESULTS: A total of 275 post-PCI patients were included (198 without T2DM, 77 with T2DM). Compared with non-diabetic participants, those with T2DM exhibited significantly lower RERpeak (1.12 ± 0.07 vs. 1.17 ± 0.08; p < 0.001) and ΔRER (0.27 ± 0.08 vs. 0.31 ± 0.10; p = 0.001). T2DM was independently associated with worse HRR1 (β = − 2.47, 95% CI: − 4.53 to − 0.41, p = 0.0197) after adjustment. Both RERpeak and ΔRER were negatively correlated with T2DM and positively correlated with HRR1. Mediation analysis showed that RERpeak partially mediated 25.06% of T2DM’s adverse effect on HRR1, while ΔRER accounted for 17.62%. Subgroup analyses revealed that in patients not receiving β-blockers, RERpeak mediated 28.46% of the T2DM-HRR1 association, while ΔRER accounted for 13.51%; however, this mediation effect was not evident in β-blocker users. CONCLUSION: In this post-PCI population, metabolic inflexibility partially mediated the negative association between T2DM and impaired post-exercise HRR. These findings highlight the need to improve metabolic flexibility in diabetic patients as part of risk stratification and targeted therapeutic interventions. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic inflammatory indices SIRI, AISI, and PWR are associated with sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuhong Luo, Lingzhi Shu, Chen Xin, Yuhua Liu, Yan Xu, Binru Han","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01117-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01117-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in sarcopenic obesity (SO); however, the relevance of routinely available blood cell inflammatory indices in SO remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between these indices and SO. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,009 participants aged ≥ 50 years. SO was defined by the presence of both sarcopenia (defined based on sex-specific muscle mass percentage cutoffs: muscle mass < 39.3% for men or < 33.9% for women) and obesity [defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m², body fat percentage (PBF) ≥ 30% for men or ≥ 40% for women, visceral fat area (VFA) ≥ 100 cm², or waist circumference (WC) ≥ 80 cm for women and ≥ 90 cm for men]. Inflammatory indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate inflammation systemic index (AISI), were calculated from routine blood tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between these indices and SO, with adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS: When the WC classification was used, risk of SO was significantly associated with SIRI (OR = 1.361, 95% CI: 1.057–1.753; P = 0.017) and AISI (OR = 1.248, 95% CI: 1.022–1.524; P = 0.029), but inversely associated with PWR (OR = 0.621, 95% CI: 0.390–0.988; P = 0.040). Similar modest associations were observed under the VFA classification. Under the BMI ≥ 28 kg/m² definition, SIRI (OR = 1.539, 95% CI: 1.133–2.092; P = 0.006) and AISI (OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.066–1.771; P = 0.014) remained significantly associated with SO, with effect sizes in the modest-to-moderate range. However, no significant associations were observed when SO was defined using PBF, suggesting that inflammatory indices may be more closely related to central rather than generalized adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: The association between systemic immune inflammation indices and SO varied according to the obesity classification method. Given the cross-sectional design, these findings reflect associations rather than causality. SIRI, AISI, and PWR may have potential value in risk stratification, particularly under WC, VFA, or BMI ≥ 28 kg/m² definitions. Prospective studies with external validation are needed to confirm their clinical utility. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic signatures of life's essential 8 and incident atrial fibrillation among individuals with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Zhenzhen Wan, Jing Zhou, Minghui Han, Meng Chen, Fengmin Shao, Yue Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01112-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01112-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Life’s Essential 8 (LE8)-based cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between LE8 and AF, and the mediating role of plasma proteins in CKD, remain unclear. METHODS: In 16,547 patients with CKD from the UK Biobank, LE8 scores were calculated from eight behavioral and biological metrics. Among 1,991 individuals with proteomic data, LE8 proteomic signatures were constructed using LASSO regression, which inherently handles multicollinearity through L1 regularization. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for relevant covariates were used to examine the associations of LE8 and proteomic signatures with incident AF. Mediation analyses were performed to identify proteins linking LE8 to AF. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 1,785 incident AF cases occurred. Compared with the lowest LE8 quartile (Q1), the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AF across Q2 to Q4 were 0.74 (0.66, 0.84), 0.60 (0.52, 0.68), and 0.60 (0.52, 0.69), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). For the proteomic signature, the corresponding HRs were 0.86 (0.62, 1.19), 0.75 (0.54, 1.05), and 0.50 (0.33, 0.74) (Ptrend = 0.001). LE8 scores showed a nonlinear inverse association with AF, whereas the proteomic signature exhibited a linear pattern. Mediation analyses identified 18 proteins (e.g., GDF15 and CLMP) that partially mediated the association between LE8 and AF. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable LE8-based CVH and its proteomic signatures were significantly associated with lower AF risk among CKD patients. The identified proteomic mediators provide insights into biological pathways and potential molecular targets for AF prevention in CKD. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal effects of gut microbiota and blood metabolites on subtypes of perinatal depression classified based on depressive symptom trajectories: a mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Huakang Li, Jing Wang, Yuanzhen Mi, Cuicui Gong, Ziliang Wu, Pengxuan Gu, Wenxi Zhou, Bing Lin, Ke Xu, Jinyi Lang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01111-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01111-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perinatal depression (PD) is classified into four subtypes: pregnancy, early postpartum, late postpartum, and chronic, based on depressive symptom trajectories, with each subtype potentially involving distinct biological mechanisms. However, the causal effects of gut microbiota and blood metabolites on these PD subtypes have not been systematically investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from East Asian cohorts, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal effects of 341 gut microbial taxa and 67 blood metabolites on four PD subtypes. Reverse MR analyses were performed to exclude potential reverse causality. A two-step mediation MR analysis was conducted to examine whether blood metabolites mediate the effects of gut microbiota on specific subtypes. To ensure robustness, gut microbial taxa showing suggestive causal associations were validated using independent GWAS data from the MiBioGen consortium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 21 gut microbial taxa and five blood metabolites that showed suggestive causal associations with specific PD subtypes (P < 0.05, uncorrected). No reverse causality was detected between the subtypes and identified microbes or metabolites. Shared feature analysis indicated that s_Bacteroides caccae was a potential protective gut microbiota shared between early postpartum PD and late postpartum PD, whereas g_Collinsella was a potential risk-associated gut microbiota shared between these two subtypes, with its risk effect on early postpartum PD confirmed using independent GWAS data from the MiBioGen consortium. No blood metabolites were shared across subtypes. After multiple testing correction, only the protective effect of Bacteroides caccae on early postpartum PD remained statistically significant. Mediation analyses showed that s_Prevotella veroralis increased the risk of pregnancy PD by elevating phenylalanine levels (mediation proportion: 19.6%), whereas s_Bacteroides caccae reduced the risk of early postpartum PD by lowering ornithine levels (mediation proportion: 5.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes evidence for a gut microbiota-blood metabolite-PD subtype regulatory network in East Asian populations. These findings elucidate the heterogeneous mechanisms underlying PD subtypes and provide a foundation for the development of subtype-specific precision interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of oleic acid enriched diets on glucose and lipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Haixia Xu, Xiuxiu Xu, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01110-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01110-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: High-oleic diets (HODs), have been proposed to improve lipid and glucose metabolism, yet clinical evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of HODs compared with low-oleic diets (LODs) on lipid profiles, apolipoproteins, and glucose homeostasis in adults. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception to September 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults were included if the intervention provided ≥ 70% oleic acid of total fatty acids and differed from control diets by ≥ 5% points in oleic acid content. Data were pooled using random-effects models to estimate weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Twenty-six RCTs (n = 1,244 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with LODs, HODs significantly reduced total cholesterol (WMD: −0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.24 to − 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: −0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.20 to − 0.01) and modestly increased Apo A1 (WMD: 0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.03). No significant changes were observed for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), Apo B, and glucose metabolism. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses indicated stronger lipid-lowering effects when ≥ 80% of total fatty acids were oleic acid. Also, low heterogeneity was reported for most variables. CONCLUSION: High-oleic dietary interventions modestly improve circulating lipid profiles, particularly total and LDL cholesterol, without adverse effects on glucose metabolism. The proportion of oleic acid intake appears to be a key determinant of metabolic benefit. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vitamin D-cardiovascular nexus unraveling mechanistic promise and trial reality.","authors":"Hui Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01108-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01108-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data consistently associate low vitamin D status with elevated cardiovascular risk, yet causal mechanisms remain contested. METHODS: This review synthesized evidence through a protocol-guided approach, with database searches (PubMed/Embase/Web of Science; 2010–2024) focused on RCTs, mechanistic studies of cardiovascular pathways, and high-quality meta-analyses (AMSTAR-2 score ≥ 8). RESULTS: Mechanistic investigations consistently demonstrate vitamin D’s pleiotropic cardiovascular actions, including suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, and attenuation of vascular inflammation and fibrosis—effects validated in human models. In contrast, large-scale randomized trials and their meta-analyses have uniformly failed to demonstrate significant cardiovascular benefit from vitamin D supplementation in the general population. This discordance appears largely attributable to methodological limitations in trial design, particularly the inclusion of predominantly vitamin D-sufficient participants and the absence of stratification for baseline deficiency status or genetic determinants of vitamin D metabolism. Notably, post-hoc analyses suggest potential signal enrichment in cohorts with severe baseline deficiency, though these observations require prospective validation. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence does not support population-wide vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular risk reduction. The persistent mechanistic-clinical disconnect underscores fundamental gaps in trial methodology rather than invalidating biological plausibility. Future research must prioritize precision nutrition frameworks that integrate baseline vitamin D status, dynamic response biomarkers, and genomic profiling to identify subgroups where supplementation may confer meaningful benefit. Until such evidence emerges from rigorously designed trials, clinical efforts should focus on correcting documented deficiencies in high-risk metabolic phenotypes, with cardiovascular outcomes regarded as potential secondary benefits rather than primary therapeutic targets. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}