Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Association between erythritol and lung cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yongsheng Zhao, Renyan Zheng, Kexin Luo, Haiyang Zhao, Wanping Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00916-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00916-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sweeteners have been widely added to food and beverages due to their low-calorie and sweetening properties. However, the role of sweeteners in cancer risk has been a subject of extensive debate over the past few decades.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to elucidate the causation between the commonly used natural sweetener erythritol and the risk of lung cancer (LC) using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on erythritol and its metabolites were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies data. Summary data on LC and its subtypes were obtained from a large-scale genetic study conducted by the Transdisciplinary Research of Cancer in Lung of the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. We conducted independent two-sample MR analyses to assess the causation between erythritol and LC and its subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inverse variance weighted method of MR analysis showed no evidence supporting causation between erythritol and LC or its histological subtypes. Sensitivity analysis further supported the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study findings do not support genetic association between erythritol and LC or its subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rye consumption on markers of glycemic control: evidence on the \"rye factor\": a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Mohammad Ghazvini, Faezeh Ghanbari-Gohari, Sahar Foshati, Masoumeh Akhlaghi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00901-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00901-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rye, as a source of dietary fiber, may have beneficial effects in glycemic control. In the current meta-analysis, we collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of rye consumption on glucose and insulin markers. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to find the RCTs. Random-effects model was used to calculate mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. Thirty-one RCTs, including 922 participants, passed the screening and eligibility stages and were included in the meta-analysis. Rye consumption did not have a significant effect on glucose indices including fasting, postprandial, and area under the curve (AUC). Subgroup analysis did not make a difference in the results, except that there was trends for increased postprandial glucose in two subgroups: individuals aged > 50 y (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.93, 95% CI: -0.03, 1.90 mmol/l, P = 0.058) and short intervention lengths (≤ 270 min) (WMD = 0.48, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.99 mmol/l, P = 0.066), and a trend for decreased AUC for glucose in rye fiber doses ≥ 12 g (WMD = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.01 mmol/l, P = 0.059). Rye consumption did not show an effect on fasting and postprandial insulin but indicated a reduction in AUC for insulin (WMD = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.66, -0.30 mU/l, P < 0.001). Overall, results of this meta-analysis suggest that rye consumption may reduce insulin postprandial AUC without affecting glucose markers. Prospective cohorts are needed to determine the clinical importance of the finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic nutritional index and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a machine learning approach.","authors":"Ya Wu, Danmeng Dong, Yang Liu, Xiaoyun Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00917-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00917-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), an indicator of nutritional status, has been linked to various diabetic complications. However, its relationship with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between PNI and DPN using machine learning (ML) approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 625 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were enrolled, with 282 diagnosed with DPN. PNI was calculated based on serum albumin and lymphocyte count. Random forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models were developed to predict DPN using clinical and biochemical data. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were applied to determine feature importance. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between PNI quartile and DPN risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both RF and XGBoost models exhibited strong performance. The RF model achieved a recall of 78.4%, specificity of 87.8%, and accuracy of 84.0%, while the XGBoost model showed a recall of 77.4%, specificity of 92.1%, and accuracy of 84.8%. SHAP analysis identified lower PNI as a key factor for DPN. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that patients in the lowest PNI quartile had a significantly higher DPN risk compared to those in the highest quartile (OR: 3.271, 95% CI: 1.782-6.006, P < 0.001). Additionally, lower PNI levels were associated with impaired peripheral nerve function, including reduced motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower PNI levels were associated with increased DPN risk and poorer nerve function, highlighting the importance of nutritional status in DPN management. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal effect of life-course adiposity on the risk of respiratory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Xi Xi Chen, Fang Ying Lu, Yi Wang, Liu Zhang, Shi Qi Li, Ying Ni Lin, Ya Ru Yan, Yong Jie Ding, Ning Li, Jian Ping Zhou, Xian Wen Sun, Qing Yun Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00915-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00915-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited evidence on the causal associations of life-course adiposity with the risk of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to elucidate these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two-sample Mendelian randomization was conducted using genetic instruments of life-course adiposity (including birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood adiposity) to estimate their causal effect on respiratory diseases in participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, the FinnGen consortium, and other large consortia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically predicted higher birth weight was associated with decreased risk of acute upper respiratory infections and increased risk of pulmonary embolism, sleep apnea, and lung cancer. Genetically predicted high childhood BMI was associated with increased risk of asthma, COPD, pulmonary embolism, and sleep apnea. However, most of these observed associations were no longer significant after adjusting for adult BMI. Genetically predicted higher adult BMI and WHR were associated with 10 and 4 respiratory diseases, respectively. High adult body fat percentage and visceral adiposity were genetically associated with increased risk of 9 and 11 respiratory diseases, respectively. Consistently, genetically predicted higher whole-body fat mass was associated with increased risk of 8 respiratory diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides genetic evidence that greater adiposity in childhood and adulthood has a causal effect in increasing the risk of a wide range of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, the effects of childhood obesity on respiratory outcomes may be mediated by adult obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoid intake, inflammation, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Qin Hu, Xiangyu Ma, Tongjian Cai, Yafei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00913-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00913-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake of total flavonoids and their six subclasses and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults, and to evaluate the potential mediating effect of inflammation in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from 3841 individuals participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 were included in the analysis. Flavonoid intake was assessed using a 2-day dietary recall method, and ASCVD status was determined by extracting relevant information from the medical condition questionnaire. To determine the relationship between flavonoid intake and ASCVD risk, we employed logistic regression, subgroup, mediation, and restricted cubic spline analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intake of flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, and total flavonoids was negatively correlated with ASCVD risk. Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between flavonoid intake and ASCVD risk exhibits sex-specific differences, with the relationship being more pronounced among women. The significant associations between increased flavonoid intake and reduced ASCVD risk were observed in smokers, non-alcohol consumers, physically inactive individuals, those with hypertension. A nonlinear relationship was observed between the intake of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols and ASCVD risk. Additionally, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), inflammatory markers relevant to ASCVD, were found to mediate the association between flavonoid intake and ASCVD risk. Flavonoids demonstrated a dose‒response relationship with reductions in the levels of hs-CRP and the NLR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates the inverse association between flavonoid intake, particularly flavan-3-ols, flavones, and flavonols, and the risk of ASCVD. It highlights the mediating role of CRP and NLR in this relationship. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of considering lifestyle factors and sex when evaluating the cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of serum fasting glucagon in hypothyroidism-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Mervat M El-Eshmawy, Amira A Barakat, Azza A El-Baiomy, Mohamed M Abo El-Naga, Mohamed Elbasiony","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00899-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00899-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A bidirectional relationship between hypothyroidism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been proposed. Fasting hyperglucagonemia in patients with hypothyroidism induced NAFLD needs to be further clarified. The aim of the present study was to determine fasting serum glucagon levels in hypothyroid adults with and without NAFLD. The possible association between fasting glucagon and NAFLD in patients with hypothyroidism was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was comprised 60 patients with uncontrolled hypothyroidism and 30 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Patients with hypothyroidism were divided into 2 groups: 30 patients with NAFLD and 30 patients without NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD was based on the combination of hepatic steatosis index (HSI) at a cutoff value of 36 and measurements of steatosis using fibroScan. Anthropometric measurements, lipids profile, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum fasting glucagon were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum fasting glucagon concentration was significantly higher in hypothyroid patients with and without NAFLD than in healthy controls; glucagon was also significantly higher in the hypothyroid patients with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD. Fasting glucagon was significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), TSH, HSI and fibroScan parameters in hypothyroid patients with NAFLD. Fasting glucagon predicts NAFLD in patients with hypothyroidism at a cutoff value 85 ng/L with 90% sensitivity, 100% specificity and p < 0.001. With multivariable analysis, age, BMI and TSH were significant positive predictors of NAFLD in patients with hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fasting glucagon concentration may play a role in the development of NAFLD in patients with hypothyroidism. However, the exact underlying mechanism needs further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Hana Kahleova, Tatiana Znayenko-Miller, Arathi Jayaraman, Giulianna Motoa, Laura Chiavaroli, Richard Holubkov, Neal D Barnard","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00912-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00912-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-fat plant-based diets cause weight loss in clinical trials. However, many foods are highly processed, raising the question as to their effect on body weight. This secondary analysis assessed the associations between changes in processed food intake and weight loss in 244 overweight adults randomly assigned to a vegan (n = 122) or control group (n = 122) for 16 weeks. Three-day dietary records were analyzed using the NOVA system, which categorizes foods from 1 to 4, based on degree of processing. A repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and a multivariate regression model were used for statistical analysis. The consumption of animal foods in categories 1-4 decreased in the vegan group, compared with the control group. Body weight decreased in the vegan group (treatment effect - 5.9 kg [95% CI -6.7 to -5.0]; Gxt, p < 0.001). Changes in consumption of animal foods in categories 1-4 were positively associated with changes in body weight: r = + 0.34; p < 0.001 for category 1; r = + 0.18; p = 0.008 for category 2; r = + 0.17; p = 0.01 for category 3; and r = + 0.22; p = 0.001 for category 4. In no NOVA category was the consumption of plant-based processed foods positively and significantly associated with weight gain. The top three independent predictors of weight loss were reduced intakes of processed, unprocessed or minimally processed, and ultra-processed animal foods. These findings suggest that replacing animal products with plant-based foods may be an effective weight-loss strategy, even when processed plant-based foods are included.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evidence of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) products and its bioactive compounds on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic control, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, and oxidative stress parameters in humans: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Ali Jafari, Bahare Parsi Nezhad, Niloufar Rasaei, Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi, Abdolhalim Rajabi, Alireza Alaghi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00910-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00910-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Relevant research was discovered via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE up to June 2024. The assessment of study quality was conducted using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Thirteen trials, with interventions ranging from 4 to 12 weeks and involving 521 participants, demonstrated significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] = - 0.67; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] - 1.01, - 0.32; P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = - 0.51; 95% CI - 0.96, - 0.05; P = 0.028), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD = - 0.74; 95% CI - 1.16, - 0.32; P < 0.001), and a marginally significant effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) (SMD = - 0.57; 95% CI - 1.16, 0.02; P = 0.057). Subgroup analyses revealed that sesame supplementation significantly reduced CRP and malondialdehyde (MDA) in populations without chronic diseases, while total cholesterol (TC) and MDA were reduced in those with chronic diseases. MDA was significantly reduced in females, especially those aged 50 or older. At dosages of 10 g per day or less, CRP, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and TC showed significant improvements. Meta-regression highlighted a significant dose-dependent reduction in TC levels at 10 g/day, and a significant duration-dependent decrease in TG levels at 8 weeks of supplementation. Sesame supplementation demonstrates potential benefits in improving glycemic control, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles, making it a promising adjunct therapy for reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative balance score is associated with increased risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in non-elderly adults: results from NHANES 2011-2018.","authors":"Zhu-Zhu Wang, Qin Xu, Yu-Han Zhang, Rong-Rong Wu, Jun-Ling Cui, Ji Zhou, Jing-Fang Hong","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00914-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00914-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia and obesity, two prevalent health conditions, often coexist and exacerbate each other's impact, increasing the risk of chronic diseases and mortality. This dual condition is termed \"sarcopenic obesity.\" The correlation between oxidative stress (OS) and sarcopenia or obesity was established, and the oxidative balance score (OBS) can serve as an indicator of overall dietary or lifestyle-related OS exposure within an individual. Prior reports have not addressed the relationship between OBS and sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in adults under 60. This study endeavors to explore these associations and to identify potential dietary and lifestyle risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional analysis utilizing data from 4,241 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. OBS is a cumulative score derived from 16 dietary components and 4 lifestyle components, where higher scores indicate greater exposure to antioxidants and lower exposure to pro-oxidant factors, reflecting a reduced oxidative stress burden. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the association of OBS and sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Further subgroup analyses was conducted to examine interactions with various covariates. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to identify significant components of OBS associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, which were subsequently integrated into a risk prediction nomogram model. The model's predictive accuracy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for potential confounders, the weighted logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant negative association between OBS and the prevalence of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.954, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.925-0.984, P = 0.004) and sarcopenic obesity (OR = 0.948, 95% CI = 0.918-0.980, P = 0.002). The nomogram models, informed by key OBS components identified through LASSO regression, exhibited considerable predictive value for sarcopenia (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.813, 95% CI = 0.792-0.833) and sarcopenic obesity (AUC = 0.894, 95% CI = 0.879-0.909).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals a robust inverse correlation between OBS and both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in adults aged 20-59. These results suggest that an antioxidant-rich diet and healthy lifestyle practices, including low-fat diets, adequate vitamin B intake, regular physical activity, and weight management, may help mitigate the risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Further research is warranted to confirm these associations and determine causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and rare diseases: a case study of patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP).","authors":"Francesca Granata, Luisella Vigna, Elena Di Pierro, Alessandra Piontini, Lorena Duca, Giacomo De Luca, Silvia Fustinoni, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Valeria Di Stefano, Giovanna Graziadei","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00900-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00900-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by acute attacks often triggered by porphyrinogenic drugs and a low-glucose diet. According to recent findings, chronic symptoms persist in AIP patients. To avoid the symptoms, patients often adopt preventive strategies such as increasing glucose intake, suggesting that nutrition is a crucial aspect of disease management. Given the strong connection between AIP and glucose, we assessed anthropometric data, biochemical data and nutritional evaluation, in 16 AIP females and hypothesized that an increase in glucose consumption may lead to an imbalance in nutrition and metabolism. The results indicated that 14 out of 16 patients consumed high levels of simple sugars and saturated fatty acids (SFA), leading to overweight conditions (BMI > 25) in 50% of patients. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) showed excess fat mass in 64% of patients aged 30-49 years and 40% of patients aged 51-70 years; these results were more accurate than those obtained using BMI alone. Excessive intake of simple sugars and SFA resulted in elevated blood LDL levels in 36% of younger patients and 80% of older patients. Although the dietary intake of HDL was low, its levels were above normal and positively correlated with age (r = 0.56, p = 0.02). Overhydration, indicated by an elevated ECW/TBW ratio, was positively correlated with cortisol levels (r = 0.67, p = 0.008), suggesting metabolic stress.To summarize, excessive consumption of simple sugars and SFA affects the body composition and biochemical markers of AIP patients, emphasizing the need for nutritional support to prevent metabolic syndrome and manage chronic symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}