Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Ultra-processed food intake, diet quality, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analysis from the Mutaba'ah study.","authors":"Aisha A Almulla, Hanna Augustin, Luai A Ahmed, Linnea Bärebring","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00950-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00950-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High intake of Ultra-Processed Foods (UPF) has raised concerns about how they might impact maternal diet and potentially increase the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to evaluate the associations between UPF intake or adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and GDM among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women (n = 1054) from the dietary subcohort within the prospective Mutaba'ah Study cohort were included. Diet was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and UPF intake in servings/day was classified according to the NOVA system. The alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score specific for pregnancy defined adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. GDM diagnosis was based on the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criteria. Logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age, first trimester body mass index, parity, gestational age, education level, employment status, physical activity, and husband's smoking status were used to assess associations between UPF intake or aMED score and GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ± SD UPF intake was 9.4 ± 3.4 servings/day and mean aMED score was 4.0 ± 1.5. Women in the highest tertile of UPF intake had lower aMED score than those in the lowest tertile (4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 3.6 ± 1.4, P < 0.001). Women in the highest tertile of UPF intake had higher intakes of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, sodium, and selenium than those in the lowest tertile, while intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, and most micronutrients were lower (P < 0.05). Neither tertiles of UPF intake (third tertile compared to the lowest OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.54-1.34) nor continuous UPF intake (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.03) was associated with GDM. Similarly, aMED score was not associated with GDM in either tertile of the score (third tertile compared to the lowest OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.54-1.64) or as a continuous variable (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.87-1.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher intake of UPF was associated with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. However, neither UPF intake nor aMED score was associated with GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of the mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oils on pro-inflammatory biomarkers and soluble adhesion molecules: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani, Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi, Narges Sadeghi, Mahdi Keshani","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00947-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00947-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation plays a pivotal role in Cardiovascular disease (CVD) which are a major global health burden. The oil-supplemented Mediterranean diet (MED) is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. The current study evaluates the impact of an olive oils-supplemented MED on pro-inflammatory biomarkers and soluble adhesion molecules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Regarding PRISMA guideline, this study was conducted and PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), Embase, CINAHL databases as well as Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were systematically searched till June 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 clinical trials (20 arms) comprising 2477 adults aged 23-80 years were included in the systematic review and 9 of them were entered in the meta-analysis. We revealed that following an enriched MED with olive oils can reduce Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: - 1.85; 95% CI: -3.69 to -0.01, I²: 99.29%) and c-reactive protein (CRP) or high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) (SMD: - 0.96; 95% CI: -1.49 to -0.44, I²: 91.85%); however, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) did not improved. Moreover, a positive impact on the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and P-selectin [(SMD: -2.37; 95% CI: -4.34 to -0.40, I²: 99.38%), (SMD: -1.10; 95% CI: -2.10 to -0.10, I²: 94.96%) and (SMD: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.18 to -0.12, I²: 59.33%), respectively] were observed; however, E-selectin was unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The olive oils-supplemented MED demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory benefits and improvements in soluble adhesion molecules, supporting its role in reducing CVD risk. However, further studies are required to address the high heterogeneity and confirm these findings in diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Trial registration/protocol registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42023425225).</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of remnant cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio on risk of incident ASCVD: the Kailuan prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yizhen Tan, Shuohua Chen, Zhe Huang, Xiangfeng Lu, Jianxin Li, Youxin Wang, Shouling Wu, Ying Wu, Yuntao Wu, Yun Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00948-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00948-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study utilized the remnant cholesterol (RC) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio as a lipidemia indicator. Assessing its long-term impact on cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is crucial for primary prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>84,380 participants were enrolled in the prospective cohort. Participants were classified into low, medium, and high levels based on baseline RC/HDL-C levels at the 50th percentile and 90th percentile. Participants were followed until December 31, 2023. Calculate the incidence density of ASCVD for each group. The time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ASCVD risk among different groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 42,181, 33,739, and 8460 participants in the low, medium, and high levels respectively. A median follow-up of 16.92 years, 8397 ASCVD cases were identified. The 1000 person-years incidence density and 95% CIs for ASCVD were 5.86 (5.67, 6.05) in the low level, 6.92 (6.70, 7.15) in the medium level, and 8.85 (8.35, 9.39) in the high level. Compared to the low level, the Cox model showed that the HRs and 95% CIs for ASCVD were 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) and 1.23 (1.15, 1.32), respectively in medium and high levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher RC/HDL-C level was significantly associated with an increased risk of ASCVD. Including the RC/HDL-C in lipid evaluation can reduce the onset of ASCVD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ChiCTR2000029767.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of intensive resistance exercise and excessive fructose intake on metabolic and physiological responses.","authors":"Chien-Hua Chen, Shun-Hsi Tsai, Hao-Chien Cheng, Yu-Ting Su, Hung-Wen Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00943-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00943-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle-derived uric acid (UA) precursors combined with fructose ingestion may increase liver UA production. Temporary hyperuricemia could impact metabolic and physiological responses over a 24-h period. This study examined the effects of intensive resistance exercise (RE) combined with excessive fructose intake on metabolic and physiological responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy young males participated in four trials: RE with fructose intake (EF), RE with water intake (EW), control (no exercise) with fructose intake (CF), and control with water intake (CW). Blood UA, glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and markers of kidney and liver function were measured during fasting and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h before and after exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UA levels in the EF and EW trials were significantly higher than those in the CF and CW trials at all post-exercise time points. The next morning, UA levels in the EF trial remained above 7 mg/dL. Increased glucose levels at 0 and 0.5 h post-exercise and increased creatinine (CRE) levels immediately post-exercise were observed. RE reduced the area under the curve for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and increased systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and the UA/CRE ratio the next morning. Fructose intake increased glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels 24 h post-exercise. CRE showed a positive correlation with UA levels, while eGFR was negatively correlated with UA levels in the RE trials. Additionally, GPT levels correlated positively with UA following fructose intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intensive RE combined with excessive fructose intake induced a notable increase in UA levels. This increase in UA levels appeared to be associated with temporary fluctuations in markers related to renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals Lactobacillus and Indolelactic acid involved in small intestinal adaptation of piglet with short bowel syndrome.","authors":"Weipeng Wang, Ying Lu, Bo Wu, Shicheng Peng, Wei Cai, Yongtao Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00938-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00938-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a condition characterized by malabsorption that occurs when a patient loses a significant amount of bowel length or function, often necessitating lifelong parenteral nutrition support. This study utilized multi-omics analysis to investigate alterations in gut microbiota, metabolism, and transcriptome during the progression of intestinal adaptation in SBS using a piglet model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a model of SBS in Bama mini piglets by performing a 75% jejunoileal resection. Fifteen piglets were randomized into EN, PN, and PN-SBS groups. Fecal samples were collected for 16 S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis. Ileal mucosa and serum were collected for untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Transcriptomic analysis on ileal mucosa was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PN-SBS model was established in the newborn piglets. A significant decrease in species-level diversity was observed in piglets with SBS, accompanied by alterations in their microbiome compositions. The beneficial anaerobes from Bacillota and Bacteroidota were depleted while microorganisms from Verrucomicrobiota and Fusobacteriota were enriched in feces from SBS piglets. The dysregulation of metabolites and metabolic pathways was observed in the metabolic profiles of ileal mucosa and serum in SBS piglets. Indolelactic acid (ILA) levels were found to be reduced in the ileal mucosa and serum of SBS piglets. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an extensive functional alteration in SBS, primarily manifested as metabolic changes and intestinal proliferation. The multi-omics analysis revealed that the decreased abundance of Lactobacillus may result in a diminished production of their metabolite ILA, thereby influencing intestinal proliferation and anti-inflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disrupted homeostasis of gut microbiota, metabolism, and transcriptome were reported in the SBS piglets. Multi-omics analysis demonstrated Lactobacillus and its metabolite ILA may be involved in small intestinal adaptation of SBS. These alterations may contribute to the proinflammatory state and the delay of intestinal adaptation in SBS, which in turn provide promising targets for therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced metabolomics and its association with metabolic health in adolescents.","authors":"Xiaoyuan Guo, Zhibo Zhou, Yutong Wang, Huishan Sun, Shanshan Liu, Yiling He, Hanze Du, Hongbo Yang, Huijuan Zhu, Mei Zhang, Bo Ban, Shi Chen, Hui Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00946-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00946-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While exercise training has been shown to improve various aspects of adolescent metabolic health, such as blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. No study has examined the metabolomic changes to identify potential mechanisms and explore biomarkers that predict exercise benefits in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used propensity score matching to select 54 pairs of adolescents (ages 12-14 years) with and without long-term exercise training. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and metabolic indicators including blood pressure, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglycerides (TGs) were assessed at enrollment and 1-year follow-up. Untargeted metabolomics was analyzed at enrollment. The associations between metabolites and clinical metabolic indicators were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolomic analysis revealed 73 differential metabolites between exercise and non-exercise groups, with 59 metabolites associated with metabolic health indicators. Among them, a group of eicosanoids were consistently upregulated and negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HOMA-IR, or TGs, suggesting their potential roles in exercise-related improvements. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed better predictive performance for exercise benefits on DBP and TGs using papaverine and azelaic acid compared to BMI and WC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents with long-term exercise are associated with improved metabolic health. Metabolomic profiles provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and offer useful biomarkers for predicting exercise benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the causality between micronutrients and esophageal cancer via Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Zhuo Diao, Guangyin Peng, Yige Chen, Jun Wang, Jianjun Liu, Zhaopeng Zhang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00940-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00940-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an ongoing debate about how micronutrients influence the risk of developing esophageal cancer (EC), requiring more definitive proof to ascertain their causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study seeks to identify the causal relationship between 14 micronutrients and EC through Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a two-sample MR analysis of micronutrients in relation to EC, using five different MR methodologies, chief among them the Inverse Variance Weighted method. To ascertain the direction of causal links, Steiger filtering was applied. The study culminated in a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the European population, iron (OR = 0.231, 95% CI: 0.073-0.727, P = 0.012) and magnesium (OR = 0.357, 95% CI: 0.143-0.894, P = 0.028) were associated with a reduced risk of EC, both showing suggestive evidence of a causal relationship. In Asian populations, however, no significant causal effects were found between the 14 micronutrients and EC. The direction of causality was validated across all results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among European populations, iron and magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of EC, a benefit not seen in Asian populations. Personalized strategies and region-specific advice are necessary for EC prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): data from the NHANES III (1988-1994).","authors":"Ying Zhang, Peng-Yu Luo, Yu-Na Tang, Jing Wang, Shuai Gao, Yu-Chen Fan, Kai Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00942-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00942-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic value of the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the NHHR and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III and the National Death Index (NDI). The NHHR was calculated according to the formula. The results of mortality associated with the NDI were recorded as of December 31, 2019. We used a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression to assess the associations between the NHHR and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to explore the relationships between the NHHR and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3155 patients with a definite diagnosis of MASLD. A total of 1,381 (43.8%) patients with MASLD died, and 1,774 (56.2%) survived. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that NHHR was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality in MASLD patients. The RCS curve showed a significant nonlinear trend between the NHHR and all-cause mortality in patients with MASLD. Subgroup analysis revealed that the NHHR was better suited to predict cardiovascular mortality in patients without advanced fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed the clinical value of the NHHR in the prediction of mortality in the MASLD population. The NHHR can be used as a biomarker for follow-up in people without advanced fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal role of homocysteine in multiple diseases: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.","authors":"Xiuyuan Zhu, Jiangnan Wei, Jingling Li, Shunli Zuo, Jiaxian Wang, Ning Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00933-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00933-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated in the development of multiple diseases; however, its causal role remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies provide a robust approach to assessing causality by minimizing confounding and reverse causation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the causal role of Hcy in various diseases by synthesizing evidence from MR studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for MR studies published up to May 30, 2024. Studies investigating the association between genetic predisposition to Hcy levels and specific diseases were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from 33 MR studies (covering 31 distinct primary outcomes) suggest that genetically elevated Hcy levels are associated with an increased risk of several health conditions, including: Five cardiovascular diseases: small vessel stroke, small artery occlusion stroke, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. Six musculoskeletal diseases: soft tissue disorders, osteoporosis with pathological fractures, hospital-diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA), overall OA, knee OA, and hip OA. One musculoskeletal biomarker: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for BMI. Two digestive system diseases: gastric cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Three digestive biomarkers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). One urogenital system disease: chronic kidney disease. Two mental disorders: schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type I. One metabolic disorder: metabolic syndrome. Conversely, elevated Hcy levels are associated with a reduced risk of: One neurological disorder: multiple sclerosis. Two neurological biomarkers: gray matter volume and total brain volume. Five musculoskeletal biomarkers: heel bone mineral density (BMD), right/left grip strength, walking pace, and appendicular lean mass. One urogenital system biomarker: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Additionally, genetically reduced plasma Hcy levels correlated with higher forearm BMD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide significant evidence for the role of Hcy in disease causation and may contribute to the development of future preventive measures or therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite dietary antioxidant index of antioxidant vitamins and sarcopenia risk: insights from the UK biobank and NHANES cohorts.","authors":"HuiMin Liu, YuDi Xu, QingSheng Li, LingFei Yang, Xuan Yang, KaiXin Wang, Zhe Gong, Qiang Zhang, YanJie Jia","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00945-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00945-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), reflecting total dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, may indicate overall antioxidant capacity. This study examined its association with the risk of probable sarcopenia, defined by handgrip strength, in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants aged over 60 from the UK Biobank (N = 22,921) and National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2014 (N = 2,641) cohorts were categorized into probable sarcopenia and non-probable sarcopenia groups. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the associations between CDAI (both continuous and quartile) and its components (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotene) with probable sarcopenia risk in cohorts, with sex subgroup and sensitivity analyses to validate results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (interquartile range) of CDAI was -0.39 (-1.88, 1.45) in the UK Biobank and -0.57 (-1.60, 0.84) in NHANES, respectively. A higher CDAI was significantly associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in both cohorts. Specifically, each one-unit increase in CDAI was associated with a 2% decrease in the odds of probable sarcopenia in the UK Biobank (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.998, p = 0.027) and a 13.5% decrease in NHANES (OR = 0.865, 95% CI = 0.75-0.997, p = 0.045), after full adjustment under the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) criteria. In quartile analyses, the risk of probable sarcopenia tended to decrease across higher CDAI quartiles, although the dose-response trend was not strictly linear. In the UK Biobank, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) across increasing CDAI quartiles were: Q1 (reference), Q2 = 0.87 (0.78-0.97), Q3 = 0.91 (0.81-1.01), and Q4 = 0.86 (0.77-0.96). In NHANES, the trend was more pronounced: Q1 (reference), Q2 = 0.47 (0.24-0.94), Q3 = 0.39 (0.19-0.82), and Q4 = 0.46 (0.22-0.95). Additionally, higher dietary intake of carotene, one of the key antioxidant components, was independently associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in both cohorts. Subgroup analyses indicated an inverse association between CDAI and probable sarcopenia risk in females across both cohorts, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of probable sarcopenia in older adults, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies. Further research on underlying mechanisms and sex differences is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}