Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Correction: The role of dietary factors in the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani, Hanieh Barghchi, Amir Hossein Mansouri, Pegah Rahbarinejad, Amin Mokari-Yamchi, Mehdi Barati, Mohammad Rashidmyvan, Ali Jafazadeh Esfehani, Alireza Mohammadzadeh, Zachry Clyton, Parisa Marabi, Saeedeh Talebi, Naseh Pahlavani","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01191-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01191-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-vitamin-associated miRNAs are enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation - insights from the general population.","authors":"Sandra Van der Auwera, Sabine Ameling, Nele Friedrich, Matthias Nauck, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Hans J Grabe","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01177-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01177-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamins are essential micronutrients that play crucial roles in human health, including immune function, cell development, energy metabolism, and the function of the nervous system. Within the body, vitamins can activate and modulate various biological pathways by acting as cofactors for enzymes. The objective of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the serum concentration of specific vitamins in the general population, and subsequently identifying vitamin associated biological systems and diseases potentially influenced by post-transcriptional regulation of these miRNAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0, N = 792) were utilized to examine the associations between vitamin B12 and folic acid (vitamin B9) and 181 miRNAs. Multivariate linear models were employed, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, platelet count, BMI, hemolysis, batch effects, and seasonality. Publicly available databases were used to identify biological pathways influenced by those significant miRNAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After correction for multiple comparisons, eight miRNAs were found to be positively associated with folic acid, and six miRNAs were positively associated with vitamin B12. The miRNAs significantly associated with folic acid were predominantly found in red blood cells, while those associated with vitamin B12 were associated with red blood cells and T-cells according to the miR-Blood database. Analyses of over-represented miRNAs revealed enrichment in processes related to cell-cycle regulation, DNA synthesis, metabolic processes, and erythropoiesis. In accordance to the known positive role of folic acid and vitamin B12 in pregnancy, nearly all significant miRNAs have been identified to be associated with pregnancy outcomes based on previous research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analyses revealed that several miRNAs are related to vitamin levels and that these miRNAs are associated with processes such as cell proliferation and human fertility. These miRNAs could be interesting targets for further clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-to-sleep ratio as a novel marker of NAFLD risk: evidence from U.S. and Korean national cohorts.","authors":"Yanxuan Zhong, Yanqi Kou, Zhuoyan Lu, Yujie Huang, Wanyi Yin, Qing Zhang, Zebin Wang, Shengyi Li, Bangna Du, Xiaole Li, Enhua Wu, Shicai Ye, Yuping Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01162-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01162-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affects 25-30% of adults globally and is driven by metabolic dysregulation. Concurrently, prolonged work hours and insufficient sleep are increasingly prevalent, yet their combined relationship with NAFLD risk remains unexplored. The Work-to-Sleep Ratio (WSR), quantifying the balance between occupational time and sleep recovery, may serve as a novel behavioral marker of NAFLD risk. Unlike work hours or sleep duration alone, WSR integrates these two interdependent behaviors into a single metric, capturing the balance between occupational demand and physiological recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized nationally representative data from the U.S. NHANES (2017-2023; n = 3,935) and Korean KNHANES (2019-2020 and 2022-2023; n = 10,729) cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression models with sequential covariate adjustment were employed to examine WSR-NAFLD associations. Restricted cubic spline analyses explored nonlinear relationships, while mediation analyses examined the potential involvement of adiposity (BMI), inflammation (CRP), and dyslipidemia (NHHR). Subgroup analyses assessed effect modification by demographic and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WSR exhibited nonlinear associations with NAFLD risk in both cohorts. In NHANES, NAFLD risk increased with rising WSR and attenuated at higher levels. In contrast, in KNHANES, higher WSR was associated with progressively increased NAFLD risk that plateaued at elevated ratios. Associations were stronger and more consistent in KNHANES (fully adjusted OR per unit increase in WSR 1.57, 95% CI 1.38-1.78). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in younger adults and metabolically vulnerable groups. Mediation analyses identified adiposity (BMI) as accounting for the largest proportion of the observed WSR-NAFLD association, with secondary roles for inflammation (CRP) and dyslipidemia (NHHR).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WSR may serve as a useful behavior-based marker associated with NAFLD in nationally representative U.S. and Korean cohorts, with associations most evident among younger adults. Adiposity appeared to play a central role in this association, with additional contributions from inflammation and dyslipidemia. These findings highlight WSR as a simple time-based indicator for identifying populations at elevated NAFLD risk. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and clarify temporal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low vitamin D status and cardiometabolic trait clustering in a primary-care adult cohort: association analysis and exploratory explainable machine-learning classification.","authors":"Boshra Mozaffar, Saleh A Alsanie, Fauzia Ashfaq, Nahlah Jaber Madkhali, Bayan F Alshahrani, Mohd Faheem Khan, Mohammad Idreesh Khan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01174-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01174-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) commonly co-exists with obesity and adverse cardiometabolic traits. However, its cross-sectional association with dyslipidaemia, body composition and glycaemic markers in primary-care adults remains incompletely characterised. This study examined these associations as the primary objective and, as a secondary exploratory objective, assessed whether routine clinical variables could classify concurrent vitamin D deficiency using interpretable machine-learning models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, adults attending routine health check-up services underwent anthropometric and body-composition assessment (BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage and lean mass), metabolic-profile screening and vitamin-status assessment. Vitamin D status was classified as deficient (< 20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29.9 ng/mL) or sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL). Group comparisons, correlation analyses and multivariable regression models were performed. In a secondary exploratory analysis, logistic-regression and random-forest models were used to classify vitamin D deficiency from routine clinical variables after internal cross-validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall analytic sample, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 20.3 ± 8.0 ng/mL, and 50.3% of participants were obese. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with significantly higher BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and TG-derived very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and with significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (all p < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D was inversely correlated with adiposity indices and TG and positively correlated with HDL-c. In the secondary exploratory classification analysis, the dimension-reduced random-forest model showed higher internal discrimination than logistic regression for classifying vitamin D deficiency in this dataset.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Primary-care cohort with a high obesity burden, lower vitamin D status was associated with greater adiposity, less favourable glycaemic indices and a more atherogenic lipid profile. The exploratory machine-learning analysis suggests that routine nutritional, body-composition and biochemical variables may help classify concurrent vitamin D deficiency. However, these findings require external validation and should not be interpreted as evidence of causality or immediate clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketosis elevates plasma concentrations of D-β-hydroxybutyryl-phenylalanine (BHB-Phe) in humans.","authors":"Mette Glavind Bülow Pedersen, Emaan Ghias, Maj Bangshaab, Thien Vinh Loung, Mads Bisgaard Bengtsen, Mads Vandsted Svart, Esben Søndergaard, Lars Christian Gormsen, Niels Møller, Mogens Johannsen, Nikolaj Rittig","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01172-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01172-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), produced during ketosis, can conjugate with amino acids forming BHB-amino acids. D-BHB-phenylalanine (D-BHB-Phe) is the most abundant BHB-amino acid and has been shown to reduce appetite and induce weight loss in mice, but its function and regulation in humans remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether D-BHB-Phe concentrations vary across different degrees and forms of ketosis in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma D-BHB-Phe was measured in samples from four clinical cross-over trials (i) after 21 days on a ketogenic diet (n = 10), (ii) after oral consumption of 30 g ketone salt (KS) and 30 g ketone ester (KE) (n = 14), (iii) after oral KE at doses of 10, 20 and 40 g (n = 10) and (iv) after oral versus intravenous KS administration (n = 8).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 21 days of ketogenic dieting, plasma D-BHB-Phe became detectable (median 2.1 nmol/L; range 0.9-19.9), compared with near-undetectable concentrations during the standard diet (median 0; range 0-0.9; p = 0.005). Oral KS and KE increased D-BHB-Phe compared with placebo (intervention x time, p < 0.001). D-BHB-Phe rose dose-dependently after 10 g, 20 g, and 40 g of KE (intervention x time, p < 0.001). Oral KS induced higher peak concentrations of D-BHB-Phe (15.6 ± 6.4 nmol/L) compared with iso-ketotic intravenous KS infusion, which elicited only a modest peak (1.5 ± 0.3 nmol/L; intervention x time, p < 0.001). A positive association between the D-BHB and D-BHB-Phe concentration was observed in pooled analyses but was not consistent across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>D-BHB-Phe is inducible by ketosis in humans. Our findings suggest involvement of the splanchnic bed in its production and support further exploration of D-BHB-Phe's role in appetite regulation and metabolic health.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registrations: </strong>NCT05012748, NCT03935841, NCT05263401, NCT05581043.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of dietary patterns on glycemic and liver enzymes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Vali Musazadeh, Amir Hossein Faghfouri, Mehrnaz Morvaridi, Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki, Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad, Sanaz Barazandeh, Farzad Shidfar","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01161-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01161-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance and hepatic dysfunction are strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Non-pharmacological approaches, particularly dietary interventions, have demonstrated considerable potential for mitigating these conditions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this network meta-analysis (NMA), we compared the relative efficacy of different dietary patterns on glycemic regulation and hepatic enzyme profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was conducted from inception to March 2025. The NMA was carried out based on both direct and indirect comparisons using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pooled analysis on 25 RCTs showed that DASH diet was more effective in reducing HOMA-IR (MD = -0.60; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.05; P-scores = 0.76; p = 0.03), AST (MD = -4.99; 95% CI: -8.76, -1.21; P-scores = 0.23; p = 0.009), compared to placebo. Low-Glycemic-Index Mediterranean Diet (LGIMD) approach led to a statistically significant but not clinically meaningful decrease in A1C levels compared to the placebo (MD = -0.01%; 95% CI: -0.01, -0.005; P-scores = 0.42; p < 0.001). The Mediterranean diet (MD) significantly reduced ALT levels compared with placebo (MD = -10.21; 95% CI: -20.22 to -0.20; p = 0.04; P-score = 0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present NMA indicates that dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean diet, DASH, and certain low-glycemic approaches, are effective strategies for the management of MASLD. However, a LGIMD has shown mixed glycemic effects (reduction in A1c but increase in HOMA-IR), which warrant careful interpretation and further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"γ-GC mitigates MASLD by reducing CD36 palmitoylation and plasma membrane translocation mediated by AKT/KLF10/zDHHC7 axis.","authors":"Jinyi Zhou, Chen Yang, Yangyu Guo, Lishuang Zhao, Shuai Lu, Lan Luo, Da Zhou, Zhimin Yin","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01173-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01173-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a worldwide disease characterized by hepatic steatosis. γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), a non-protein thiol peptide with nontoxic side effects, can alleviate insulin resistance (IR) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the role of γ-GC in MASLD remains elusive. Herein, the aim of this study was to reveal the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of γ-GC in the progression of MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo model of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and in vitro model of hepatocytes treated with FFA (oleic acid/palmitic acid = 2/1) were established to examine the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of γ-GC in MASLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFD mice develop dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis due to obesity. Increased lipogenesis-related protein expression and aggravated fatty acid uptake are also observed in hepatocytes treated with FFA. Mechanistic studies suggest that γ-GC can alleviate hepatic lipid deposition and steatosis through balancing lipid metabolism. Importantly, γ-GC inhibits KLF10-regulated zDHHC7 transcription via activating AKT signaling, thereby suppressing zDHHC7-mediated CD36 palmitoylation and plasma membrane translocation. Ultimately, γ-GC reduces CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake and attenuates FFA-associated lipogenic signaling, resulting in the amelioration of MASLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, our results support γ-GC as a candidate dipeptide for the treatment of MASLD, which alleviates hepatic lipid deposition and steatosis by inhibiting KLF10/zDHHC7-mediated CD36 palmitoylation and plasma membrane translocation through activation of AKT signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and exploratory gut microbiota profiles associated with diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Yuan Sheng, Haiyan Chi, Changling Li, Baogeng Huai, Xuejiao Song, Deshan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01167-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01167-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive impairment are closely related complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although dietary patterns and gut microbiota have each been linked to these conditions, their combined associations with co-occurring DR and cognitive impairment remain unclear. This study examined dietary patterns and exploratory gut microbiota profiles in relation to co-occurring DR and cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 306 patients with T2DM were classified into four groups: no DR with normal cognition (DMCN), no DR with cognitive impairment (DMCI), DR with normal cognition (DRCN), and DR with cognitive impairment (DRCI). Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16 S rRNA sequencing in a subset of 108 participants. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between dietary patterns and group classification, and microbiome analyses included diversity, taxonomic composition, exploratory differential abundance, and diet-microbiota correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four dietary patterns were identified. In fully adjusted models, DP-I and DP-II were associated with higher odds of DMCI and DRCI, respectively, whereas DP-III was associated with lower odds of both DMCI and DRCN. DP-IV showed no significant association. Gut microbiota analyses showed modest but statistically significant group-related differences in community structure, with partial overlap across groups. Exploratory LEfSe analysis identified group-associated taxa, including higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Dubosiella in DMCN and of Pseudomonas, Bilophila, and Sarcina in DRCI. However, these genus-level differences were not significant after covariate-adjusted MaAsLin2 analysis with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Nominal diet-microbiota correlations were observed but were not statistically robust after FDR correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary patterns were associated with clinical group classification based on DR and cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM. Gut microbiota analyses suggested modest, exploratory group-related differences, but diet-microbiota correlations were not statistically robust after FDR correction. These cross-sectional findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct SCFA profiles drive contrasting impacts of whole versus refined grains on metabolic health and body composition beyond inflammation in older adults: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Zhiwen Ge, Cheng Li, Jia Wang, Bingjie Ding, Yaru Li, Nan Wang, Yanxia Bi, Yuxia Wang, Yisi Wang, Zebin Peng, Xinli Yang, Congcong Wang, Zhongxin Hong","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01165-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01165-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although whole grains (WG) are widely recommended for health, the divergent impacts of WG versus refined grains (RG) on metabolism, body composition, and inflammation, mediated by distinct short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, require deeper investigation in older adults. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial aimed to elucidate these differential effects and explore the specific mediating roles of SCFA changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>While maintaining their habitual non-staple food intake, 102 participants were randomly assigned to either the WG or RG groups and provided with standardized ingredients for staple food preparation. Fecal SCFAs, blood pressure, blood glucose, renal function markers, body composition, and systemic immune-inflammation markers were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, with further exploration of inter-variable correlations and mediation pathways among these factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WG favored butyrate percentage, while RG increased acetate proportion. WG consumption improved post-prandial diastolic blood pressure (DBP), an effect not observed in the RG group, and yielded a significantly greater reduction in serum creatinine. Conversely, RG intake resulted in statistically significant short-term body composition changes, reducing fat mass and increasing lean mass. Mediation analysis revealed that changes in butyrate and acetate acted as suppressors in the pathways linking dietary grain type to post-prandial DBP and blood urea nitrogen changes, respectively. Systemic immune-inflammation markers did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, we observed that WG and RG consumption elicited distinct SCFA profiles and divergent metabolic and body composition responses in middle-aged and older adults. WG intake preferentially benefited blood pressure and renal function, potentially through SCFA-related pathways, while RG intake unexpectedly improved short-term body composition. These findings highlight the complexity of grain-microbiota-host interactions and suggest that the grain consumed substantially influences metabolic outcomes through SCFA-mediated mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ChiCTR2300072978.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a high-protein diet versus calorie-restricted diet on weight loss and biochemical indicators improvement in overweight and obese patients: a retrospective study.","authors":"Huijin Luo, Dixing Liu, Xinyi Huang, Xiuwei Zhang, Zhanyang Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01163-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01163-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of a high-protein diet (HPD) versus a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) on weight loss and biochemical indicators improvement in overweight and obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>63 overweight or obese patients were enrolled, with 32 individuals assigned to the HPD group and 31 to the CRD group, each undergoing a 24-week intensive lifestyle intervention. Changes in key parameters, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose, insulin, adiponectin, free fatty acids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other relevant indicators were observed before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 overweight/obese participants participated in this study, and the baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. After a 24-week intervention, the HPD group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage (all P < 0.05), as well as a higher proportion of participants achieving clinically significant weight loss (≥ 10%) compared to the CRD group (58.1% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.006). Regarding biochemical indicators, the HPD group also demonstrated superior improvements in HbA1c, 2‑hour postprandial blood glucose, free fatty acids, and adiponectin. However, no significant differences between the groups were observed in changes in HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and adiponectin levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both HPD and CRD are effective strategies for achieving weight loss, improving biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese patients. Notably, HPD has a superior effect on weight loss, being able to significantly improve central obesity, reduce body fat percentage, and improve glycemic control as well as adipocytokine profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}