Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The effect of multiple micronutrients supplementation on preventing anemia during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Junhui Zhong, Nan Li, Junxi Chen, Jufen Liu, Zhiwen Li, Jiamei Wang, Xiaohong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00944-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00944-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) Supplements during pregnancy in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted with the supplement of Folic Acid (FA) only and FA plus MMN groups. Data was collected through questionnaires during the first prenatal visit. Hemoglobin levels were extracted from the Laboratory Information System. A total of 4,239 pregnant women who were admitted to Beijing Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital between May 2017 and November 2020 was evaluated. Chi-square tests and log-binomial regression were conducted to evaluate the relative risks (RRs) of two groups on the reduction of anemia during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The supplement of MMN was found to significantly decrease the risk of anemia in the later stages of pregnancy. Focusing on the third trimester specifically, the crude RR and adjusted RR were 0.891 and 0.844 respectively. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, a sufficient monthly intake frequency of MMN(≥ 24 pills) is associated with a lower relative risk of anemia, with a value of 0.897 and 0.809 compared to the group supplement FA only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The supplement of MMN has been correlated with a reduced risk of anemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. But the efficacy was limited in the first trimester. Frequent and early initiation of supplementation with FA and MMN pills is associated with a more significant reduction in the risk of anemia compare to group supplement of FA only.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults: a GRADE-assessed and dose-response meta-analysis of RCTs.","authors":"Mohammadyasin Lak, Mehdi Karimi, Camellia Akhgarjand, Shirin Ghotboddin Mohammadi, Pedram Pam, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Samira Pirzad, Mohammadreza Amirkhan-Dehkordi, Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf, Menno Henselmans, Omid Asbaghi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00959-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00959-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Weight management remains a global health concern, with increasing interest in nutritional interventions to support healthy body composition. In recent years, the potential role of supplements like Spirulina has gained considerable attention as a possible intervention. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search strategy was conducted across online databases to find relevant RCTs from inception until December 2024. The primary endpoints were changes in anthropometric indices. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using STATA software, and sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled analysis of 17 RCTs indicated that Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced body weight (BW) (WMD: -1.07 kg; p = 0.004), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.40; p = 0.025), body fat percentage (BFP) (WMD: -0.84%; p = 0.002), but had no significant effects on waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -0.46 cm; p = 0.280). Based on Egger's regression test, there is no publication bias for BW (p = 0.097), BMI (p = 0.382), BFP (p = 0.945), and WC (p = 0.488). A significant dose-response effect on BMI and intervention dose (Coefficient: -0.17, P = 0.007) and duration (Coefficient: 0.13, p = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spirulina supplementation effectively reduces BW, BMI, and BFP, with stronger effects at higher doses and longer durations, especially in obese or older individuals. While no significant change in WC was observed overall, subgroup analyses suggest potential benefits for specific populations, emphasizing the importance of personalized supplementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationships between metabolic syndrome, plasma metabolites, and female reproductive diseases: insights from a two-step mendelian randomization approach.","authors":"Li Li, Juanjuan Ma, Ningyu Sun, Panwei Hu, Yi Lin, Qinhua Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00955-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00955-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female reproductive diseases-including endometriosis (EMs), uterine fibroids (UFs), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy (EP), infertility, miscarriage, and ovarian aging-pose significant global health challenges. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a series of metabolic irregularities and has been linked to distinct plasma metabolomic profiles. Investigating the etiological connections among MetS, plasma metabolites, and female reproductive diseases is essential for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to evaluate the causal relationships among MetS, plasma metabolites, and female reproductive diseases using a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, MR investigations were conducted to determine the causative impact of MetS on nine female reproductive diseases utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data procured from European-descent populations. Statistically significant associations were identified for five diseases: UF, PCOS, GDM, eclampsia, and miscarriage. One hypothesis is that plasma metabolites may contribute to these associations. Subsequently, comprehensive MR analyses were performed using GWAS data on 233 plasma metabolites to examine causal relationships between these MetS-associated reproductive conditions and eight distinct classes of plasma metabolites. Sensitivity analyses, replication studies, and colocalization assessments were performed to validate the reliability of the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was identified as a causal factor for increased risks of UF, PCOS, GDM, eclampsia, and miscarriage. Further MR analyses revealed that specific plasma metabolites might causally affect the risk of female reproductive diseases: Eclampsia: Protective associations were observed with lipid molecules in large and very large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, including cholesterol esters and total cholesterol. Conversely, triglycerides in large HDL particles and indicators related to small HDL particles were linked to increased risk. PCOS: Risk factors included elevated levels of triglycerides in HDL particles, various very low-density lipoprotein metabolites, acetone, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and conjugated linoleic acid. GDM: Increased glucose levels were associated with increased GDM risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This investigation established that MetS causally elevates the risk of certain female reproductive diseases and identified plasma metabolites that influence these conditions. These findings enhance the understanding of the etiological pathways involved in MetS and reproductive disorders, highlighting plasma metabolites as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative multi-omics investigation of sleep apnea: gut microbiome metabolomics, proteomics and phenome-wide association study.","authors":"Shuxu Wei, Ronghuai Shen, Xiaojia Lu, Xinyi Li, Lingbin He, Youti Zhang, Xianxi Huang, Zhouwu Shu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00925-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00925-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep apnea (SA) is linked to various diseases. This study examines the causal link between the gut microbiome and SA, exploring potential predictive factors and target proteins using a multi-omics approach with a Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) were used to assess the genetic correlation and causal relationships between the gut microbiome and SA. Mediation analysis identified intermediate relationships involving \"gut microbiome-inflammatory proteins-SA.\" Two-sample MR and colocalization analysis in the deCODE and UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) databases identified protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) associated with SA. Validation analysis used Fenland proteins, methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). PheWAS screened 29 SA-associated SNPs and matched control SNPs (4:1 ratio) from UK Biobank data chosen through MR and LDSC analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) bidirectional MR analysis did not establish a causal link between the gut microbiome and SA. C-C motif chemokine 28 showed causal relationships in both directions (forward IVW, P = 0.0336; reverse IVW, P = 0.0336). Intermediate connections were found between the Holdemanella genus and urinary plasminogen activator levels with SA. TIMP4 protein had a significant causal relationship with SA(IVW method: P > 0.05, PH4 = 96.1%; P = 7.85 × 10^-6, PH4 in deCODE = 97.4%). PRIM1 and BMP8 A were identified as potential influencers of SA through mQTL and eQTL analyses. PheWAS suggested body impedance and predicted mass as potential predictors of SA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bidirectional causal relationships exist between SA and inflammatory proteins, with TIMP4 identified as a pathogenic factor and potential therapeutic target. PRIM1 and BMP8 A may impact SA risk. Body impedance and predicted mass predict SA significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with hemoglobin and other anemia parameters in children: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hongli Dong, Xiaojing Xu, Liang Gao, Yufei Ni","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00949-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00949-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous in vitro studies indicated that 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] might contribute to the modulation of anemia parameters while epidemiological evidences were scarce in children. We explored the associations of 25(OH)D with hemoglobin (Hb) and other anemia parameters (mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], and serum ferritin [SF]) in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 10,227children (mean age 14.6 months) in Nantong, China, was carried out. Serum 25(OH)D, MCV, MCHC, and SF concentrations were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for the potential covariates, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with anemia parameters (quartile [Q] 4 vs. Q1: 127.304 vs. 78.982 g/L for Hb; 83.957 vs. 66.264 fL for MCV; 334.551 vs. 208.368 g/L for MCHC; 34.277 vs. 32.807 ng/mL for SF). Similar results were shown in the stratified analyses by gender. Consistently, a higher 25(OH)D was found to be related with a lower risk of anemia (OR_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.06, 95% CI_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.05, 0.07) in multi-variable analysis among total populations. Additionally, the \"25(OH)D-anemia parameters (Hb, MCV, and MCHC)\" and \"25(OH)D-anemia\" associations were mediated by hsCRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, our findings provided further support for the anti-anemia effects of 25(OH)D in Chinese children. Further research is warranted to replicate these results in different populations and in experimental settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How sustainable are hypocaloric and balanced diets for weight loss?","authors":"Ramona De Amicis, Andrea Foppiani, Alessandro Leone, Federica Sileo, Francesca Menichetti, Sara Paola Mambrini, Marta Pellizzari, Massimiliano Tucci, Daniela Martini, Cristian Del Bo, Patrizia Riso, Simona Bertoli, Alberto Battezzati","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00937-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00937-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Promoting healthy diets with low environmental impact is pivotal. The EAT-IT diet aligns with the EAT-Lancet Commission, tailored to Italian food habits. However, a comparison with weight loss diets has not been done. This cross-sectional study compares EAT-IT with historical diets of an urban nutritional care facility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare conventional hypocaloric and balanced weight-loss diets with the sustainable EAT-IT diet, investigating their alignment, the influence of BMI and sex on EAT-IT adherence, to optimize the EAT-IT diet for weight management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>4032 patients (72% female, median age 49y, BMI 29 kg/m2) received hypocaloric diets based on Mediterranean principles (51% carbohydrates, 31% lipids, 0.9 g/kg body weight protein, 17 g/1000 kcal fiber), following Italian dietary guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression revealed lower EAT-IT alignment in males (-2.6%, p < 0.001) and a small BMI effect on food group adherence (0.4%, p = 0.005). Only 44% of prescribed food groups were in line to EAT-IT. Protein sources (fish 13%, red meat 13%) were generally higher than EAT-IT, except for legumes (26%) and nuts (10%) prescribed in lower quantities and frequencies, as well as vegetable oil (12%) and fresh fruits (11%). Complex carbohydrates-rich foods (13% bread, 12% pasta/cereals) and vegetables (21%) were prescribed in higher quantities in hypocaloric diets, being more aligned with the EAT-IT pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Protein sources, being less sustainable, pose challenges in hypocaloric diets. Differences in consumption of vegetable foods were found according to sex and BMI, highlighting the struggle to meet EAT-IT sustainability criteria. Reconciliation between sustainable and hypocaloric dietary interventions is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoic acid in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a review.","authors":"Fangli Liu, Jingjing Lv, Yuanyuan Chen, Linfeng Wang, Zhuoxin Liu, Xingke Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00954-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00954-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence and prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis without substantial alcohol consumption, are rapidly increasing worldwide. Liver cirrhosis and cancer are relatively common in MASLD patients. Therefore, it is essential to take proactive measures in preventing its onset or initiating prompt treatment. However, there is a lack of approved medications for effectively treating this ailment. Lipoic acid (LA), a compound with antioxidant, insulin-sensitization, anti-inflammatory, and prooxidant activities, has been proven to inhibit lipid deposition. Many studies have shown that supplementation of LA can alleviate MASLD. Therefore, the latest evidence on the relationship between LA and MASLD is presented in this review. The effect of LA on the accumulation of fat in the liver is emphasized following different diet models (normal, high fat, high fructose, choline deficiency) and other models (gene mutation, diabetes), with the main mechanisms from mitochondrial function to inflammation and oxidative stress being summarized. LA possesses excellent preventive effects on MASLD, which can provide new opportunities for clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic value of the triglyceride-glucose index in predicting recurrence of acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Lihui Lin, Yansong Lin, Xin Ling, Zewen Zhang, Xianwen Guo, Zhen Ding","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00956-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00956-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigating the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) recurrence is crucial because it affects public health and medical resources. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG-i) is recognized as a reliable marker of insulin resistance (IR), which occurs after an AP attack. However, the predictive value of the TyG-i during the first AP for subsequent recurrence remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with their first AP episode between January 2014 and December 2023 were followed up retrospectively. Data on demographic characteristics, imaging findings, and laboratory examinations of their first episode and recurrences were collected. The TyG-i was calculated as follows: ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Factors associated with AP were evaluated using Cox regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 853 patients were enrolled in our study, 180 (21.1%) of whom experienced a recurrence after the first AP episode. The recurrence rate was higher in the high TyG-i index group (n = 111, 26.0%) than in the low TyG-i index group (n = 69, 16.2%; P < 0.001). Cox regression analyses revealed TyG-i as an independent predictor of AP recurrence in all etiologies (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.535, P = 0.007), as well as for the recurrence of acute biliary pancreatitis (HR = 1.829, P = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TyG-i status at the first AP episode could independently predict recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between methylmalonic acid and composite dietary antioxidant index and diabetic retinopathy: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Xue Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00953-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00953-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR), and serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels are related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to explore the impact of MMA levels and the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) on DR risk in patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on patients with diabetes from the 1999-2004 and 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets were included in this cross-sectional study. Logistic regression analysis (accounting for NHANES survey weights) was used to explore the association of MMA (< 250, ≥ 250 nmol/L) and CDAI (>-0.5, ≤-0.5) with DR risk, and the association was reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The combined effect of MMA and CDAI on DR risk was also explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,373 patients with diabetes were included and 547 (20.48%) patients had DR. MMA levels ≥ 250 nmol/L (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.01-2.13) (vs. <250 nmol/L) were associated with higher odds of DR in patients with diabetes, whereas there was no significant difference in the effect of CDAI >-0.5 and CDAI ≤-0.5 on DR risk (P > 0.05). There was an interaction between MMA and CDAI that increased the risk of DR (OR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.15-4.35; P_interaction=0.018), and this interaction was only in patients with a CDAI ≤-0.5. Subgroup analysis revealed that the interaction between MMA and CDAI was observed in patients < 65 years of age (OR = 5.43, 95%CI: 1.80-16.36), with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² (OR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.11-4.61), with hypertension (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.04-4.36), and with anti-diabetic drug use (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.13-5.20).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an interaction between MMA and CDAI that increases the risk of DR, and CDAI plays a moderating role in this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-processed food intake, diet quality, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analysis from the Mutaba'ah study.","authors":"Aisha A Almulla, Hanna Augustin, Luai A Ahmed, Linnea Bärebring","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00950-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00950-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High intake of Ultra-Processed Foods (UPF) has raised concerns about how they might impact maternal diet and potentially increase the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to evaluate the associations between UPF intake or adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and GDM among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women (n = 1054) from the dietary subcohort within the prospective Mutaba'ah Study cohort were included. Diet was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and UPF intake in servings/day was classified according to the NOVA system. The alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score specific for pregnancy defined adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. GDM diagnosis was based on the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criteria. Logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age, first trimester body mass index, parity, gestational age, education level, employment status, physical activity, and husband's smoking status were used to assess associations between UPF intake or aMED score and GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ± SD UPF intake was 9.4 ± 3.4 servings/day and mean aMED score was 4.0 ± 1.5. Women in the highest tertile of UPF intake had lower aMED score than those in the lowest tertile (4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 3.6 ± 1.4, P < 0.001). Women in the highest tertile of UPF intake had higher intakes of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, sodium, and selenium than those in the lowest tertile, while intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, and most micronutrients were lower (P < 0.05). Neither tertiles of UPF intake (third tertile compared to the lowest OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.54-1.34) nor continuous UPF intake (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.03) was associated with GDM. Similarly, aMED score was not associated with GDM in either tertile of the score (third tertile compared to the lowest OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.54-1.64) or as a continuous variable (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.87-1.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher intake of UPF was associated with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. However, neither UPF intake nor aMED score was associated with GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}