Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Dietary patterns and exploratory gut microbiota profiles associated with diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Yuan Sheng, Haiyan Chi, Changling Li, Baogeng Huai, Xuejiao Song, Deshan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01167-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01167-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive impairment are closely related complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although dietary patterns and gut microbiota have each been linked to these conditions, their combined associations with co-occurring DR and cognitive impairment remain unclear. This study examined dietary patterns and exploratory gut microbiota profiles in relation to co-occurring DR and cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 306 patients with T2DM were classified into four groups: no DR with normal cognition (DMCN), no DR with cognitive impairment (DMCI), DR with normal cognition (DRCN), and DR with cognitive impairment (DRCI). Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16 S rRNA sequencing in a subset of 108 participants. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between dietary patterns and group classification, and microbiome analyses included diversity, taxonomic composition, exploratory differential abundance, and diet-microbiota correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four dietary patterns were identified. In fully adjusted models, DP-I and DP-II were associated with higher odds of DMCI and DRCI, respectively, whereas DP-III was associated with lower odds of both DMCI and DRCN. DP-IV showed no significant association. Gut microbiota analyses showed modest but statistically significant group-related differences in community structure, with partial overlap across groups. Exploratory LEfSe analysis identified group-associated taxa, including higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Dubosiella in DMCN and of Pseudomonas, Bilophila, and Sarcina in DRCI. However, these genus-level differences were not significant after covariate-adjusted MaAsLin2 analysis with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Nominal diet-microbiota correlations were observed but were not statistically robust after FDR correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary patterns were associated with clinical group classification based on DR and cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM. Gut microbiota analyses suggested modest, exploratory group-related differences, but diet-microbiota correlations were not statistically robust after FDR correction. These cross-sectional findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct SCFA profiles drive contrasting impacts of whole versus refined grains on metabolic health and body composition beyond inflammation in older adults: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Zhiwen Ge, Cheng Li, Jia Wang, Bingjie Ding, Yaru Li, Nan Wang, Yanxia Bi, Yuxia Wang, Yisi Wang, Zebin Peng, Xinli Yang, Congcong Wang, Zhongxin Hong","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01165-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01165-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although whole grains (WG) are widely recommended for health, the divergent impacts of WG versus refined grains (RG) on metabolism, body composition, and inflammation, mediated by distinct short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, require deeper investigation in older adults. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial aimed to elucidate these differential effects and explore the specific mediating roles of SCFA changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>While maintaining their habitual non-staple food intake, 102 participants were randomly assigned to either the WG or RG groups and provided with standardized ingredients for staple food preparation. Fecal SCFAs, blood pressure, blood glucose, renal function markers, body composition, and systemic immune-inflammation markers were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, with further exploration of inter-variable correlations and mediation pathways among these factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WG favored butyrate percentage, while RG increased acetate proportion. WG consumption improved post-prandial diastolic blood pressure (DBP), an effect not observed in the RG group, and yielded a significantly greater reduction in serum creatinine. Conversely, RG intake resulted in statistically significant short-term body composition changes, reducing fat mass and increasing lean mass. Mediation analysis revealed that changes in butyrate and acetate acted as suppressors in the pathways linking dietary grain type to post-prandial DBP and blood urea nitrogen changes, respectively. Systemic immune-inflammation markers did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, we observed that WG and RG consumption elicited distinct SCFA profiles and divergent metabolic and body composition responses in middle-aged and older adults. WG intake preferentially benefited blood pressure and renal function, potentially through SCFA-related pathways, while RG intake unexpectedly improved short-term body composition. These findings highlight the complexity of grain-microbiota-host interactions and suggest that the grain consumed substantially influences metabolic outcomes through SCFA-mediated mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ChiCTR2300072978.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a high-protein diet versus calorie-restricted diet on weight loss and biochemical indicators improvement in overweight and obese patients: a retrospective study.","authors":"Huijin Luo, Dixing Liu, Xinyi Huang, Xiuwei Zhang, Zhanyang Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01163-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01163-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of a high-protein diet (HPD) versus a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) on weight loss and biochemical indicators improvement in overweight and obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>63 overweight or obese patients were enrolled, with 32 individuals assigned to the HPD group and 31 to the CRD group, each undergoing a 24-week intensive lifestyle intervention. Changes in key parameters, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose, insulin, adiponectin, free fatty acids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other relevant indicators were observed before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 overweight/obese participants participated in this study, and the baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. After a 24-week intervention, the HPD group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage (all P < 0.05), as well as a higher proportion of participants achieving clinically significant weight loss (≥ 10%) compared to the CRD group (58.1% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.006). Regarding biochemical indicators, the HPD group also demonstrated superior improvements in HbA1c, 2‑hour postprandial blood glucose, free fatty acids, and adiponectin. However, no significant differences between the groups were observed in changes in HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and adiponectin levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both HPD and CRD are effective strategies for achieving weight loss, improving biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese patients. Notably, HPD has a superior effect on weight loss, being able to significantly improve central obesity, reduce body fat percentage, and improve glycemic control as well as adipocytokine profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of synbiotic yogurt consumption on insulin-resistance surrogates, atherogenic and novel anthropometric indices in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Mohammad-Reza Jowshan, Mohammad-Amin Zolghadrpour, Hossein Imani, Reza Rahmanian, Farzad Karimpour, Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki, Farshad Amirkhizi, Somayyeh Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01175-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01175-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a well-recognized contributor to cardiovascular risk, and synbiotics have recently gained attention as a potential dietary strategy for its management. The present study aimed to determine whether a novel synbiotic yogurt formulated with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus affects atherogenic markers, cardiometabolic parameters, and insulin resistance surrogates in individuals among individuals diagnosed with MetS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-week double-blind, standard-yogurt-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted, enrolling 44 adults with MetS who were randomized to either 300 g/day of synbiotic yogurt (n = 22) or a matched control yogurt (n = 22); 41 (22 synbiotic, 19 control yogurt) completed and were analyzed. A comprehensive panel of cardiometabolic outcomes was evaluated at baseline and week 12, encompassing atherogenic indices including the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Castelli's Risk Index-I (CRI-I), Castelli's Risk Index-II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL); cardiometabolic measures including the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Waist Triglyceride Index (WTI), and Cardiometabolic Index (CMI); body shape and adiposity indices including A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Conicity Index, Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), and Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI); and surrogate markers of insulin resistance including the Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), TyG-Body Mass Index (TyG-BMI), TyG-Waist Circumference (TyG-WC), Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the 12-week period, statistically significant between-group differences were limited to four indices, namely CRI-I (p = 0.039), CRI-II (p = 0.038), AC (p = 0.039), and BAI (p = 0.027), all of which favored the control group. Within-group analyses indicated that the control arm experienced significant reductions in AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, TG/HDL, and METS-IR, whereas participants in the synbiotic arm demonstrated significant decreases only in TyG and TyG-BMI. No significant changes were observed in other indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to our findings, 12 weeks of daily synbiotic yogurt consumption did not significantly improve insulin resistance surrogates, atherogenic, and novel anthropometric indices in adults with MetS.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration ID: IRCT20220426054667N1; registration date: 2022-05-18).</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between metabolic score for insulin resistance and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: an analysis based on two national prospective cohorts.","authors":"Zongren Zhao, Luming Wei, Huqiang Dong, Guisheng Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01170-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01170-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has become a major global health concern, carrying substantial mortality risk. This study investigated the association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and the incidence of CMM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective analysis utilized data from two nationally representative cohorts (CHARLS and ELSA). The association between the baseline METS-IR and incident CMM was assessed using logistic regression models. Restricted cubic splines and subgroup analyses were employed to examine the relationship pattern and consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the follow-up period, there were 149 cases of CMM in CHARLS and 287 cases in ELSA. Every unit increase in METS-IR correlated with a 4% elevated risk of CMM in both groups. Individuals in the highest METS-IR quartile exhibited a more than threefold elevation in CMM risk compared with those in the lowest quartile. A linear dose-response relationship was identified, exhibiting similar relationships across the majority of categories, albeit influenced by hypertension and chronic lung disease status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In CHARLS and ELSA, elevated baseline METS-IR independently predicted higher incident CMM risk in midlife and older adults, with a linear dose-response. As a routine-test-based metric, METS-IR can support early high-risk screening for targeted prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial sweetener intake and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mediation analysis based on plasma metabolic biomarkers.","authors":"Miaomiao Fan, Yan Chen, Xiaolin Yin, Shasha Zhao, Jian Feng, Zhaoping Li, Qihui Zhang, Chen Jiang, Hao Bai, Liyong Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01142-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01142-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term respiratory health effects of artificial sweetener consumption remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of artificial sweetener intake with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung function, and to explore the potential mediating role of circulating metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Habitual intake of artificial sweeteners (teaspoon/day) was assessed via multiple 24-h dietary recalls. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association between AS and risk of COPD, and linear regression was used to analyze associations with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁). A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the contribution of plasma metabolic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 164,656 participants were included. Over a median follow-up of 14.88 years, 4132 incident COPD cases were identified. Compared with non-consumption, higher consumption of artificial sweeteners was associated with a 27% increased risk of COPD (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.40) and decreased lung function, including FVC (β: -39.48 mL, 95% CI: -56.53, -22.43, p < 0.001) and FEV₁ (β: -37.08 mL, 95% CI:-50.91, -23.25, p < 0.001). A significant positive dose-response relationship was observed between artificial sweetener intake and COPD risk, and a negative dose-response relationship between artificial sweetener intake and lung function parameters. Mediation analysis identified several key mediators, including lipids within intermediate-density and low-density lipoprotein particles, apolipoprotein B, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among these, phospholipids in large LDL showed the highest mediating effect (PM: 8.72%; 95% CI: 4.53%, 19.63%), followed by cholesteryl esters in IDL (PM: 8.68%; 95% CI: 4.78%, 20.58%). Beyond lipoprotein sub-fractions, apolipoprotein B served as a significant mediator (PM: 6.70%; 95% CI: 3.67%, 16.35%). Furthermore, key fatty acids were identified as significant mediators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher intake of artificial sweeteners is associated with an elevated risk of COPD and impaired lung function. These associations are partially mediated through pathways related to lipoprotein metabolism and fatty acid profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated serum and fecal metabolomics identifies compartment-specific metabolic remodeling in mice fed high-fat and Western diets.","authors":"Yu Ra Lee, Hye-Bin Lee, Hee-Jin Kim, Jae-Ho Park, Ho-Young Park","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01169-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01169-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesogenic diets induce systemic and gut luminal metabolic perturbations, but whether these alterations occur in parallel across biospecimens remains unclear. In particular, the extent to which high-fat diet (HFD) and Western diet (WD) produce shared or compartment-specific metabolic responses in circulation and feces has not been systematically compared. In this study, targeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolite profiling was performed using serum and fecal samples from mice fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, or WD. Serum samples were analyzed at the individual-animal level, whereas fecal samples were analyzed as cage-level pooled specimens and interpreted as exploratory. Group differences were assessed using non-parametric statistics with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction, followed by cross-compartment comparison of HFD-versus-ND and WD-versus-ND directional changes among metabolites detected in both matrices. In serum, obesogenic diets were associated with significant alterations in branched-chain amino acid-related metabolites, phenylalanine, serotonin, butyrylcarnitine, and taurocholic acid. In exploratory fecal metabolomics, significant diet-associated differences were observed mainly in amino acid-related metabolites, cholic acid, and 3-indolepropionic acid. Cross-compartment comparison of HFD-versus-ND and WD-versus-ND responses showed that several amino acid-related metabolites, including valine, leucine, and phenylalanine, were decreased in serum but increased in feces. WD also showed fecal bile acid- and indole-related changes in the exploratory fecal dataset under the present conditions. These findings suggest that HFD and WD are associated with distinct and compartment-specific metabolic remodeling across circulating and luminal compartments and support the value of multi-compartment metabolomics in studies of diet-associated metabolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides cause modest taxonomic shifts in the gut microbiota but do not increase insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant individuals.","authors":"Anastasiia Driuchina, Jenni Hekkala, Jukka Hintikka, Perttu Permi, Ella Hellsten, Sanna Lensu, Viktor Bielik, Jari Laukkanen, Satu Pekkala","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01168-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01168-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight increases the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and insulin resistance (IR) precedes development of T2D. Besides lifestyle factors, gut microbes and their metabolites contribute to IR. Gut microbiota could be modulated by probiotics and prebiotics to improve IR, but current research results from interventions are controversial. We aimed at exploring the effects of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on the structure and metabolites of gut microbiota, IR, body composition and inflammatory response in humans with overweight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this within-subjects study design the participants had a 1-month baseline control period without changing their lifestyle and then, they were subjected to 4-months of dietary XOS supplementation. Based on baseline HOMA-IR, we divided study participants into insulin sensitive (< 3, IS, n = 11) and insulin resistant (> 3, IR, n = 38) groups. The gut microbiota were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomes were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Additionally, blood clinical variables, serum cytokines, body composition and diet were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified clear differences between insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) participants in gut microbiome, body composition, and glucose-insulin profiles, along with modest variations in proinflammatory cytokines. Although four months of XOS supplementation did not alter insulin sensitivity or most other measured outcomes, it slightly reduced the levels of total cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol in IR participants. However, it should be noted that during control period HDL first decreased in that group. Interestingly, XOS treatment decreased fecal galactose, isobutyrate, and isovalerate levels in IS participants, whereas shifts in microbial abundances (20 different microbial taxa) were observed only in IR participants with no changes in diversity. Isobutyrate, isovalerate and phenylacetate levels were lower in the IR group at baseline compared to IS. Across the study from baseline to post-treatment, body weight and BMI declined in IR individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>XOS supplementation altered gut microbiota composition in IR participants, while changing fecal metabolome in IS participants. XOS modestly improved lipid parameters, such as HDL cholesterol, but did not improve insulin sensitivity, body composition, or inflammatory markers. More and larger studies are needed to show that prebiotic XOS can consistently improve insulin sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was retrospectively registered at ISRCTN under the number ISRCTN86495943.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of FTO gene polymorphisms to continuous caloric restriction diets on lipid and glycemic biomarkers in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tran Quang Duc, Nguyen Di Khanh, Dang Dang Khoa, Nguyen Huynh Phuong Anh","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01171-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01171-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are linked to obesity and cardiometabolic risk, but whether they modify lipid and glycemic responses to continuous energy restriction (CER) remains unclear. We evaluated genotype-specific changes in lipid and glycemic biomarkers following CER-based dietary interventions in adults with overweight/obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search of four databases identified eligible intervention trials published through March 2026. Results were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, reporting mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted, and the certainty of evidence was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen articles (18 effect sizes for lipid outcomes; 21 for glycemic outcomes; 4,941 participants). Compared with non-carriers, FTO risk-allele carriers had higher triglycerides (MD 5.98 mg/dL; 95% CI 1.03 to 10.93). No significant genotype-related differences were observed for total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, and all sensitivity analyses were consistent with these findings. Subgroup tests showed no significant differences by intervention duration, study design or genotype model. Genotype-contrast analyses suggested differences in triglycerides and LDL-C (higher TG in AA carriers and greater LDL-C reduction in AA carriers) and in fasting glucose (greater reduction in AT/AA carriers) compared with non-carriers. Overall certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low (GRADE).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most lipid and glycemic markers were comparable across FTO genotypes during CER, whereas triglycerides were higher in risk-allele carriers. Replication in prospective trials with pre-specified genetic stratification is needed before these findings can inform clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin E administration reduces liver enzyme levels in patients with Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mehdi Karimi, Maryam Abidi, Ramak Gholamian, Alireza Ostovan, Negar Zakerolhosseini, Sara Boroomand, Sana Esmaeili, Mohammad Hadi Pourramezan, Sina Mohebi, Abolfazl Javadimoghadam, Farimah Behmaneshnia, Omid Asbaghi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01158-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01158-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly prevalent and frequently associated with elevated liver enzymes, indicating hepatic injury. Although vitamin E has been investigated as a therapeutic antioxidant, its effects on liver enzyme levels remain inconsistent. This study aims to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the evidence of the effects of vitamin E administration on liver enzymes in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of scientific databases was conducted up to September 2025 to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Data on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were extracted. Pooled effect sizes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled analysis of 16 RCTs (22 effect sizes) showed that vitamin E administration significantly reduced serum liver enzyme levels in patients with MASLD, including AST (WMD: -5.94 IU/L), ALT (WMD: -7.33 IU/L), ALP (WMD: -5.68 IU/L), and GGT (WMD: -5.54 IU/L), all with statistical significance (p ≤ 0.008). Subgroup analyses revealed that longer intervention durations and higher vitamin E doses were generally associated with greater improvements in liver enzyme levels, particularly AST and ALT. In contrast, Significant reductions in ALP were mainly observed in shorter trials and with lower vitamin E doses, especially at higher doses and among obese populations. Overall, benefits were consistent across BMI categories, though effects appeared more pronounced in obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin E supplementation was associated with significant reductions in serum liver enzymes, suggesting improvement in hepatocellular injury and necroinflammatory activity in patients with MASLD. However, the available evidence is insufficient to determine its effects on fibrosis progression, metabolic burden, or long-term liver-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}