Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Free triiodothyronine and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: an observational study and Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Yanan Li, Shuai Yang, Zixuan Huang, Yong Zhang, Haixia Guan, Jianxia Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00905-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00905-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Free triiodothyronine (FT3) exerts a significant influence on glucose metabolism. The relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and FT3 during pregnancy is complex and inconsistently reported. Our study aims to explore the bidirectional association between FT3 during pregnancy and GDM, and to assess whether this association is causal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The observational analysis included two clinical studies. Study 1 involved 6,221 pregnant women and applied multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between FT3 in early pregnancy and the subsequent risk of GDM. Study 2 comprised 387 pregnant women and employed linear regression analysis to examine the impact of GDM on FT3 in late pregnancy. Additionally, genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of FT3 and GDM were used to perform a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test for causal associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, increased FT3 levels in early pregnancy were associated with the subsequent risk of GDM [odds ratio (OR) 1.122; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.004, 1.255; P = 0.043], and the restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear association (P for nonlinearity = 0.72). In Study 2, we didn't find association between GDM and FT3 levels in late pregnancy. MR analysis found a positive causal relationship of genetically predicted FT3 on the risk of GDM (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.01, 1.57; P = 0.041), while in the reverse MR, there was no significant relationship of GDM on FT3. In addition, the sensitivity analysis illustrated the robustness of our MR results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FT3 levels in early pregnancy were positively associated with the risk of GDM, and MR analysis provided evidence supporting a causal relationship. However, future studies are required to further investigate this association through larger-scale GWAS in diverse ethnic populations and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of one-week spinach and NBS superfood supplementation on interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels after repeated bouts of wingate test in trained men.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Shirinbayan, Mohammad Azizi, Ehsan Amiri","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00911-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00911-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consuming nutritional supplements for improving athletic performance has always been considered an ergogenic aid. However, there is limited information on the efficacy of this strategy for enhancing antioxidant capacity in response to strenuous exercise with repeated nature. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of one week of spinach and NBS superfood supplementation on superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 in response to repeated bouts of Wingate test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen trained men voluntarily participated in this within- participants and counter-balanced study. Participants were exposed to three different conditions including (1) seven days of raw spinach supplementation (daily dose of 70 g); (2) seven days of NBS superfood supplementation (daily dose of 10 g); and (3) the control condition. One day after the supplementation period, participants came to the lab and performed 3 bouts of 30-second Wingate test with 4-minute rest intervals. Before the supplementation and 24 h after performing the Wingate, test blood samples were taken in each condition to measure serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6. One week of wash-out was applied between the conditions. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that at post-test measurement the serum level of interleukin-6 was significantly lower under the spinach and superfood conditions (p = 0.001,p = 0.003, respectively) compared to the control. The serum level of superoxide dismutase under the spinach (p = 0.035) and superfood (p = 0.01) conditions was significantly higher compared to the control at post-test measurement. Also, at post-test measurement, the serum level of malondialdehyde was significantly lower under the spinach (p = 0.001) and superfood (p = 0.017) conditions compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results of the present study, it seems that seven days' supplementation of either raw spinach or NBS superfood could positively affect the inflammatory responses to repeated anaerobic all-out activities. Therefore, these supplementation strategies might be considered ergogenic aids and used by athletes before participating in repeated strenuous activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent fasting regulates gut microbiota and serum metabolome profiles in middle-aged mice fed high-fat diet.","authors":"Ziru Li, Sufang Chen, Bingbing Yin, Jiacun Wei, Duofei Wang, Huoxiang Zhou, Zhi Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00904-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00904-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intermittent fasting (IF) has received wide attention as an effective diet strategy. Existing studies showed that IF is a promising approach for weight control, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight 8-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (NC), a high-fat diet group (HFD) and an HFD + IF group. Body weight (BW) and food intake were monitored weekly. After 20 weeks, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were performed weekly in sequence. Fresh faeces were collected to examine changes in gut microbiota, and serum untargeted metabolite profiling was conducted on serum samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IF significantly reduced weight gain, fat mass and liver weight, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in middle-aged mice fed with high-fat diet. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that IF significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio by increased Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and decreased Bilophila, Colidextribacter, Oscillibacter. The serum untargeted metabolomics revealed that IF could modulate differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with glycolipid metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that key differential microbiota were strongly correlated with glucose metabolism-related indicators and serum metabolites such as stearic acid, obeticholic acid, and N-acetylglycine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IF improves glucose metabolism, regulates gut microbiota, and alters serum metabolites in middle-aged mice fed a high-fat diet. This provides a new pathway for trials testing diabetes prevention in middle-aged and elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle interventions in later reproductive age women to offset cardiometabolic and bone disease: a scoping review.","authors":"Kristyn Dunlop, Grace Dillon, Rachel K Crowley, Catherine Phillips, Patrick Twomey, Fionnuala M McAuliffe","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00908-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00908-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable chronic disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality with potentially modifiable lifestyle factors. In women, the menopausal transition modifies women's risk of chronic disease, and pregnancy-related complications have been highlighted as female-specific risk factors. Later reproductive years, before onset of menopause, may represent a window of opportunity for promotion of lifestyle modifications. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate which interventions promoting lifestyle modifications in women of later reproductive years may influence cardiometabolic and bone disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL) in the English language was performed in January 2024. Eligible studies included women aged 40-55 participating in interventions focusing on lifestyle modification. Studies reporting outcomes related to cardiometabolic disease, bone disease or body composition were eligible for inclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvements in body composition occurred following interventions focusing on aerobic physical activity. Interventions focusing on health promotion and education, incorporating both dietary and physical activity modifications, prevented weight gain and improved cardiometabolic outcomes. Interventions incorporating elements of behavioural theories enhanced patient-motivated lifestyle modifications, with effects on body composition and cardiometabolic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lifestyle modifications in later reproductive years have the potential to influence cardiometabolic and bone disease. Our findings reinforce the benefits of regular aerobic physical activity, as well as health education, for improving body composition and lipid profile. This information could contribute to the development of clinical guidelines for the prevention of chronic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of time-restricted feeding and caloric restriction in metabolic associated fatty liver disease in male rats.","authors":"Jiang Deng, Juan Ma, Xin Zhang, Kairuo Wang, Yikai Wang, Ning Gao, Dandan Feng, Xiaoli Jia, Xiongtao Liu, Shuangsuo Dang, Juanjuan Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00906-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00906-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is high. However, there are few studies on the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) and caloric restriction (CR) in MAFLD.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of 4 h TRF and 60% CR in MAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the Normal group (normal diet, 10 kcal% fat), while the remaining 38 rats were assigned to the MAFLD group (high-fat diet, 60 kcal% fat). 10 weeks later, the MAFLD group was randomly divided into the 4 h TRF, 60% CR, 4 h TRF + 60% CR, and Model groups; all rats were then given normal diet. After 4 weeks, weight, blood lipid, and other indicators were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the high-fat diet was discontinued, the liver lipid levels in the rat with MAFLD significantly reduced, while the body weight was not significantly changed. The rats in the Model group were heavier than those in the other four groups (p < 0.01). The triglyceride levels were higher in the TRF + CR group compared with the Model group (p < 0.01). Compared with the Model group, 110 metabolites were decreased in the TRF + CR group, and 83 metabolites were elevated in liver. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that the mechanism involved the proliferator-activated receptor alpha signaling pathway, metabolic pathway, and so on. We observed differences in silent information regulator transcript 1 (SIRT1) mRNA levels in all five groups (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>4 h TRF and 60% CR significantly reduced body weight and liver lipid in rats with MAFLD. 4 h TRF can improve MAFLD, and there is no need to excessively restrict food intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol, a potential risk factor of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.","authors":"Xuanyu Hao, Dongyang Li, Xingyong Huang, Tingting Wang, Peng Wu, Lufan Shen, Kai Zhang, Siyu Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00898-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00898-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the association between remnant cholesterol and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in an adult population in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database during 2017-2020. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of MAFLD. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed. To further investigate the possible non-linear relationship between remnant cholesterol and MAFLD, a restricted cubic spline was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the included 3633 participants, the prevalence rate of MAFLD was 34.56%. After full adjustment, higher remnant cholesterol was associated with the risk of MAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.06; P = 0.02), and compared with the lowest quartile of remnant cholesterol, the highest quartile of remnant cholesterol was more likely to be associated with MAFLD (OR, 3.70; 95%CI, 2.37,5.76; P < 0.0001). A non-linear relationship between remnant cholesterol and MAFLD was found in the restricted cubic spline regression model, suggesting that the risk of MAFLD initially increased rapidly and then gradually slowed down.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remnant cholesterol was identified as a potential risk factor for MAFLD, and a non-linear relationship between remnant cholesterol and the prevalence of MAFLD was detected. Large-scale, high-quality prospective studies are required to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The polyphenol metabolite urolithin A suppresses myostatin expression and augments glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells.","authors":"Andrew Wilhelmsen, Leonidas G Karagounis, Andrew J Bennett, Davide D'Amico, Andréane M Fouassier, Simon W Jones, Kostas Tsintzas","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00909-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00909-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Polyphenolic plant extracts have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects in vitro, however their meaningful translation into humans remains elusive. Urolithin A (UA), a gut-derived metabolite of ellagitannins, has shown promise for improving muscle function and metabolic health in rodent models. This study aimed to explore the impact of UA on insulin and anabolic sensitivity in human skeletal muscle cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary human myogenic cultures were derived from skeletal muscle biopsies of eight healthy adults. After differentiation, myotubes were treated with 0.002, 1 and 50 µM UA or vehicle for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using a resazurin assay. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured using tritiated deoxy-D-glucose, whilst amino acid-stimulated protein synthesis was estimated using the surface sensing of translation (SuNSET) technique. Expression of myostatin and glucose transporters was quantified via real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UA treatment at ≤ 50 µM did not compromise cell viability. Treatment with 50 µM UA enhanced both basal- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 21% (P < 0.05) and 24% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to vehicle and was accompanied by a 1.8-fold upregulation of GLUT4 expression (P < 0.01). 50 µM UA reduced myostatin (MSTN) expression by 14% (P < 0.01) but did not alter amino acid-stimulated global cell protein synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of UA's metabolic benefits in primary human myotubes, notably improving basal- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and supressing MSTN expression. These findings suggest UA could be an effective nutraceutical for mitigating insulin resistance and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory diets might mitigate the association between sedentary behaviors and the risk of all-cause deaths.","authors":"Haixu Wang, Zeming Zhou, Xiaoxin Liu, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00907-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00907-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The pathogenic mechanism of sedentary behavior involves chronic inflammation, which can be affected by dietary inflammation. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary inflammation, sedentary behavior, and risk of death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018) were analyzed. Sedentary behavior was evaluated using self-reported sitting hours in a day, and dietary inflammation was assessed using dietary inflammatory index (DII). Deaths were ascertained through the National Death Index until December 31, 2019. The interaction between dietary inflammation and sedentary behavior was evaluated through multivariable Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>18,425 participants (mean age: 48.2 years; female proportion, 51.7%) were involved for analysis. During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, we confirmed 1,960 all-cause and 488 cardiovascular deaths. After adjustment for confounders, both pro-inflammatory diets and sitting for 6 h/d or more were risk factors for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths (P < 0.05). Of note, we found that dietary inflammation modified the association between sitting time and the risk of all-cause deaths (P for interaction = 0.03). Compared with shorter sitting time (< 6 h/d), prolonged sitting time (≥ 6 h/d) was correlated with an elevated risk of all-cause deaths among participants with pro-inflammatory diets (DII ≥ 0) (HR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.35-1.66, P < 0.001), but not among participants with anti-inflammatory diets (DII < 0) (HR: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.98-1.46, P = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary inflammation modified the association between sedentary behavior and the risk of all-cause deaths. Anti-inflammatory diets might mitigate the detrimental effects of sedentary behavior on survival in US adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlap prevalence and interaction effect of cardiometabolic risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Dongying Zhao, Xiaoyan Zheng, Liwei Wang, Yujie Xie, Yan Chen, Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00903-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00903-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) comprised overweight/obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We aimed to describe the overlap prevalence and synergistic interaction of the five CMRFs on MASLD and liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data of 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included non-pregnant participants aged ≥ 20 years who completed vibration-controlled transient elastography examinations and had sufficient information to determine their metabolic status. Logistic and generalized linear regression models were performed to assess synergistic interaction between CMRFs on MASLD and identify the contributions to liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall estimated prevalence of MASLD was about 33.1%. More than 80% of patients had three or more CMRFs. For MASLD, synergistic interaction between pairs of overweight/obesity and other four CMRFs were higher than it between other CMRFs' pairs [attributable proportion(AP): 40-50% vs 20-30%]. For liver fibrosis, overweight/obesity and impaired glucose metabolism or hypertension had significant synergistic interactions (AP: 50% or 30%, respectively). We identified 27 out of 31 possible CMRF combinations. Combinations including dyslipidemia were more frequent in men than women (77% vs 59%). Combinations including hypertension were less in Mexican Americans than other ethnicities (25% vs 45-57%). Most combinations with three or more CMRFs, regardless of overlap type, had significant associations with elevated liver stiffness value.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMRF overlap was quite common and had additive interaction in patients with MASLD. Overlapping number may be more important than combination type in liver fibrosis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) supplementation: a review of its mechanisms, health benefits, and role in sports performance.","authors":"Mateusz Sprengel, Radosław Laskowski, Zbigniew Jost","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00902-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00902-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) gained a lot of interest as an adaptogen, aiding sleep, stress management and presenting health and sports-related benefits. Although clinical effects have been previously reviewed, the specific mechanism of Ashwagandha's action and its impact on different aspects of physical performance, body composition, as well as medical effects need more thorough analysis. Therefore, this narrative review delves into the available research examining the effects of Ashwagandha supplementation on such qualities as: strength, endurance, power, recovery, muscle mass, body fat, fertility, anxiety, metabolic health and aging, with additional focus on potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Moreover, we propose future perspectives based on the gaps observed in Ashwagandha research up to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}