Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The association between dietary intakes of nitrate with nitrite from animal and plant food sources and the incidence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a prospective study.","authors":"Milad Davarpanah, Zahra Bahadoran, Maryam Javadi, Amir Javadi, Davood Khalili, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00988-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00988-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the potential effect of dietary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂) on the incidence of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study was conducted on 2417 T2D- and Pre-DM free adults, aged 21-70 years (mean age of 39.6 ± 13.3 and 45.8% men) who participated in the third (2006-2008) examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and followed up to 2018-2022. The participants' habitual dietary intakes of NO₃ and NO₂ were estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of Pre-DM and T2D across quartile categories of NO₃ and NO₂ intakes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (SD) daily intake of NO₃ and NO₂ were 489 (206) mg/d and 9.6 (3.8) mg/d; NO₃ intakes mainly were derived from plant sources (95.7%). The highest compared to the lowest quartile of total and plant-based dietary NO3 intakes was accompanied by a significantly decreased risk of Pre-DM (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.85, HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.88). A reduced risk of T2D was observed in medium intakes of NO₃ (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-1.00, in the total and plant-based sources, respectively). The lowest compared to the highest quartile of dietary NO₂ was accompanied by a reduced incidence of T2D (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.98, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.84 in the total and plant-based sources, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher and medium intakes of NO₃ are associated with a reduced incidence of Pre-DM and T2D, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dried blood spot technique for dietary fat assessment in a human nutritional intervention focused on oily fish intake.","authors":"Laura Garcia-Urtiaga, Ainara Cano, Mercedes Caro, Jaione Pagaldai, Javier Amezaga, Itziar Tueros, Sara Arranz","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00983-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00983-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have employed dried blood spot (DBS) analysis to measure omega-3 levels in whole blood and investigate their associations with cardiovascular risk. Our study evaluated the effectiveness of using DBS as a marker for dietary intake, specifically focusing on omega-3 fatty acids, over both short- and long-term periods. As a novel approach, this study aims to determine whether the fatty acid (FA) profile of DBS can be useful to accurately reflect nutritional habits and monitor changes in fish intake over different consumption periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A within-subject nutritional intervention study was conducted with 18 healthy volunteers (both males and females aged 18-65 years). Their FA profiles were determined by GC-FID in DBS before the intervention began, and changes in their blood FA profiles were monitored at five different time-points across different periods of oily fish consumption. Dietary information was recorded daily through questionnaires. For statistical analysis, hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were performed to detect patterns of FA profiles in DBS. Differences among groups were tested by Student´s t test or by Wilcoxon test, and changes across visits were analysed via linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed three main patterns of the DBS profile, which could be explained by the participants' dietary habits. Furthermore, the changes during the intervention indicated that eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) levels were highly affected by the diet of the previous day, whereas docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) required at least one or two weeks to show changes, with little difference depending on the FA levels of the participants before they started the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of DBS to examine blood FA composition is a promising, reliable and convenient way to assess dietary habits and monitor responses to food intake, which could help advance personalised nutritional strategies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at the ISRCTN (registration number ISRCTN47135203) the 22nd October 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient deficiency and physical inactivity in middle-aged adults with dynapenia and metabolic syndrome: results from a nationwide survey.","authors":"Mijin Kim, Toshiro Kobori","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00978-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00978-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the associations between dynapenia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), nutrient intake, and physical activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a cross-sectional study that included middle-aged men and women (40-64 years old) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2014 and 2017. Patients (n = 4700) were categorized into four groups based on diagnosis of dynapenia and MetS: dynapenic MetS (DM), dynapenia alone (D), MetS alone (M), and non-dynapenia and non-MetS (NDNM). Dynapenia was defined as the lowest tertile of the BMI-adjusted handgrip strength. MetS was defined as central obesity plus two or more of the following features: elevated fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, or triglycerides, or reduced HDL cholesterol. Nutrient intake and physical activity were assessed via questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In women, the DM group had a significantly lower intake of all nutrients except for total energy and carbohydrates compared to the NDNM group. In a model adjusted for age, osteoarthritis, and total energy intake, the DM group showed higher odds ratios (ORs) for not practicing resistance training (men: OR (95% confidence intervals (CI)) = 1.64 (1.22-2.20); women: OR (95% CI) = 2.26 (1.59-3.21)) and for engaging in physical activities below 600 metabolic equivalents of tasks per week (men: OR (95% CI) = 1.36 (1.05-1.78); women: OR (95% CI) = 1.29 (1.02-1.63)) than the NDNM group. The women in the DM group had significantly higher OR for leisure-related moderate (OR (95% CI) = 2.00 (1.49-2.68)) and vigorous (OR (95% CI) = 1.76 (1.10-2.82)) physical inactivity than in the NDNM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that the combination of dynapenia and MetS was associated with poor nutrient intake in women and low physical activity in both sexes. These findings provide a foundation for developing intervention strategies to address dynapenia and MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial.","authors":"Ahmad Binmahfoz, Lynsey Johnston, Emma Dunning, Cindy M Gray, Stuart R Gray","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00986-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00986-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity continues to grow as a public health concern and although dietary interventions can be effective at reducing body mass and improving cardiovascular risk factors, they also result in undesirable losses of lean tissue. The aim of this randomised controlled pilot trial was to investigate the effects of a home-based resistance training exercise programme on body composition and muscle function in people living with overweight or obesity undergoing dietary weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (n = 48) from Glasgow were randomly assigned to either a diet-induced weight loss group (WL) or a diet plus home-based resistance training exercise group (RT + WL) for 12-weeks. Body composition, muscle strength, and physical function were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no effect of the resistance exercise training programme (all p > 0.05) on body composition including body mass index, total body mass, fat mass, fat free mass or muscle thickness during weight loss. However, the resistance training group showed improvements in muscle and physical function compared to the weight loss only group, resulting in higher grip strength (RT + WL: Δ2.65, 95% CI: 0.44, 4.86; WL: Δ-0.26, 95% CI: -2.04, 1.51:p = 0.046), maximal voluntary contraction force (RT + WL:Δ23.61, 95% CI: 3.39, 43.84 WL: Δ-11.95, 95% CI: -35.37, 11.48;p = 0.019), and sit-to-stand test scores (RT + WL:Δ5.9, 95% CI: 4.27, 7.53 WL: Δ1.47, 95% CI: 0.13, 2.82; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that incorporating home-based resistance training into weight loss programmes can preserve, or even enhance, muscle function without negatively impacting the effectiveness of dietary weight loss interventions, highlighting its potential to mitigate muscle function losses during weight loss in people living with overweight or obese.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number: NCT05702840. Date of Registry: 18/01/2023. The registration title: EXerCise wEight Loss (EXCEL).</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of physical activity and micronutrients on diabetic nephropathy: a subtype-specific genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Fang Li, Linlin Dang, Yanli Wang, Jianmin Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00980-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00980-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity and micronutrient intake, including supplementation, have individually and synergistically shown potential benefits against diabetic nephropathy (DN), yet causality remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 15 micronutrients grouped into four categories. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) represented physical activity, whereas leisure screen time (LST) served as an indicator of sedentary behavior. Data for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with DN were sourced from the FinnGen consortium. Univariable MR analyses identified causal relationships, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression evaluated genetic correlations, and multivariable MR adjusted for 18 confounders. Mediation MR analyses explored potential mediating pathways. The primary analytical methods included inverse variance weighted (IVW) and Wald ratio estimation. Statistical rigor included variant pruning, Steiger tests for directional validity, and RadialMR to mitigate pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After false discovery rate correction, genetically predicted MVPA significantly reduced T1DM-associated DN risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.294, 95% CI: 0.120-0.724, P_adj = 0.036], independently of renal function markers. Mediation analysis indicated body mass index mediated part of this protective effect (mediation effect: 9.42%). LDSC analysis revealed a significant negative genetic correlation between MVPA and DN risk (genetic correlation = -0.143). Suggestive associations were found between carotene and zinc levels and increased T1DM-related DN risk (OR > 1). For T2DM-related DN, higher vitamin E (γ-tocopherol) levels significantly decreased DN risk (OR = 0.261, 95% CI: 0.111-0.616, P_adj = 0.039), with suggestive protective evidence also observed for α-tocopherol (OR = 0.214, 95% CI: 0.058-0.793).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This MR analysis confirms physical activity reduces DN risk in T1DM patients, partially through BMI-mediated mechanisms, and highlights vitamin E's protective potential in managing T2DM-related DN. These findings underline the clinical relevance of lifestyle modifications and dietary supplementation in DN prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal effect of gut microbiome on pulmonary artery hypertension based on a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Detian Jiang, Yuxin Chang, Xiaowen Zhen, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00979-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00979-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk of incident coronary heart disease among patients with chronic kidney disease based on UK biobank.","authors":"Minghui Han, Jing Zhou, Zhenzhen Wan, Meng Chen, Mengli Yan, Wei Feng, Ge Wang, Jing Zhang, Lina Zhang, Lei Yan, Fengmin Shao, Yue Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00982-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00982-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit elevated remnant cholesterol (RC) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and both of them contribute to the residual cardiovascular risk. However, the independent effects of RC and its joint effects with hs-CRP remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the associations of RC and its joint categories with hs-CRP with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and angina among patients with CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 21,914 participants with CKD free of CHD from UK Biobank. RC was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cox models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CHD. Fine and Gray's model with age as the underlying timescale was used to evaluate the lifetime risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 11.99 years, 3403 CHD cases were documented. RC was positively associated with CHD, MI, and angina in a linear manner (P _nonlinearity >0.05), with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.09 (1.06-1.13), 1.10 (1.05-1.17), and 1.13 (1.07-1.19) for per standard deviation increase. Compared with low RC/low hs-CRP, low RC/high hs-CRP and high RC/low hs-CRP had 29% (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19-1.39) and 44% (1.44, 1.25-1.67) increased risk of CHD, and high RC/high hs-CRP had the highest risk (1.56, 1.38-1.75). Consistent associations were also observed for MI and angina. Moreover, the cumulative CHD risk by age of 80 among high RC/high hs-CRP was much higher than that among low RC/low hs-CRP (35.17% vs. 25.27%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated RC was linearly and positively associated with increased risk of incident CHD. Combined high RC and hs-CRP conferred the highest relative and absolute risks. Our findings highlighted the importance of targeting RC and hs-CRP combined to reduce the cardiovascular risk among patients with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary nitrate and nitrite from plant sources with digestive system cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bangce Long, Chenglin Jiang, Zhongjian Liu, Ping Wan, Qiang Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00973-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00973-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have indicated that dietary nitrate intake from plant sources offers numerous health benefits. However, the relationships between the intake of plant-derived nitrates and nitrites and the risk of digestive system cancers (DSCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the associations between dietary nitrate and nitrite from plant sources and the risk of DSCs via a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted extensive literature searches of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM databases up to April 2024. STATA 14.0 was applied for meta-regression and meta-analysis, and fixed or random effects models were used to calculate the pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included 13 articles with a total of 897,585 participants, which included 10 different types of digestive tumors. The pooled results indicated no significant association between high (median: >134.9 mg/day) [RR = 0.92; 95% CI (0.82-1.03); P = 0.14] or moderate (median: 83.0-133.1 mg/day) [RR = 0.95; 95% CI (0.89-1.02); P = 0.186] nitrate intake and DSCs. Similarly, neither high (median: >0.91 mg/day) [RR = 0.91; 95% CI (0.84-1.00); P = 0.05] nor moderate (median: 0.75 mg/day) [RR = 0.96; 95% CI (0.89-1.04); P = 0.355] nitrite intake was correlated with DSCs. However, a negative association was observed between nitrate or nitrite intake and DSCs when the data were stratified by subgroup variables such as study type, sex, region, antioxidant intake, and fibre intake. A meta-regression dose‒response analysis revealed that the risk of gastric cancer was negatively associated with the median intake of plant-derived nitrates [slope= -0.0047 per mg/day; 95% CI (-0.0086--0.0008); P = 0.022].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plant-derived nitrate and nitrite intakes were not significantly associated with DSCs. This relationship may be affected by subgroup variables, and a dose‒response analysis indicated that higher nitrate intake was linked to a reduced risk of gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus statement on exploring the Nexus between nutrition, brain health and dementia prevention.","authors":"Alexandra M Johnstone, Emiliano Albanese, Daniel R Crabtree, Boushra Dalile, Stefanie Grabrucker, Jenna M Gregory, Giuseppe Grosso, Adrian Holliday, Catherine Hughes, Catherine Itsiopoulos, John Mamo, Claire McEvoy, Phyo Kyaw Myint, Leticia Radin Pereira, David Vauzour, Mario Siervo","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00981-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00981-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An international expert panel convened to evaluate nutrition-based approaches to brain health and dementia prevention. This consensus statement integrates perspectives from lived experiences, mechanistic evidence, epidemiology, and clinical interventions. Nutrition plays a crucial role in brain health throughout life and in cognitive decline pathogenesis, particularly through the food-gut-brain axis. Intervention effectiveness varies across the health promotion, prevention, treatment, and maintenance spectrum due to methodological differences and individual responses to nutritional interventions.The Mediterranean and MIND dietary patterns show promise for maintaining cognitive function across studies. Multi-domain interventions like FINGER effectively combine dietary modifications with lifestyle changes to delay dementia onset in at-risk older adults. These findings align with mechanistic evidence on the food-gut-brain axis in maintaining optimal brain health by preventing neurodegeneration. Key mechanisms include gut microbiota composition and function, blood-brain barrier integrity, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes.Research priorities include standardizing cognitive assessment methodologies, developing early intervention strategies, and implementing integrated precision nutrition and lifestyle approaches. Incorporating patients' and caregivers' lived experiences in research co-production was identified as essential to support those with lived experience. The panel concluded that future directions should combine population and individual-level preventive approaches while addressing challenges in sustaining healthy behavioral changes and understanding the complex interplay between diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors in brain health and dementia prevention. Experts emphasized the need for both standardized methodologies and personalized interventions to account for individual variability in nutritional responses and facilitate effective prevention strategies across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High dietary live microbe intake associated with reduced depressive symptoms in gastrointestinal disease patients: findings from a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Cheng Zhang, Ming-Hui Ma, Ke Li, Shu-Ning Xu, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00976-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00976-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression and gastrointestinal disease are prevalent conditions that often coexist, significantly impacting daily life and productivity. Recent studies suggest a potential link between the intake of dietary live microbe and the alleviation of depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between live microbe consumption and depressive symptoms in patients suffering from gastrointestinal diseases remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included participants with gastrointestinal diseases from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2005 to 2018. We utilized weighted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to investigate the association between live microbe consumption and depression. Additionally, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was implemented to develop a predictive model for depression based on individual characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2,195 individuals, 472 (21.5%) exhibited depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Our findings indicate an inverse relationship between the live microbe intake and the incidence of depression in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases. In the most comprehensively adjusted model, patients with the highest level of microbe intake exhibited a 66.1% or 52.9% reduced risk of depressive symptoms compared to those with the minimal intake. An L-shaped dose-response relationship was observed in the RCS analysis (non-linear P = 4e-04). The XGBoost model demonstrated effective prediction capabilities for depression, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.869-0.925).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence of an inverse, non-linear association between dietary live microbe and depression in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases, suggesting that higher intake levels may offer protective effects against depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}