Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Association of plant-based diet with the risk of large-for-gestational-age birth in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Yuhua Yin, Meng Ye, Meiqi Shi, Zelei Miao, Xuhong Wang, Sha Lu, Yingying Wu, Wensheng Hu, Yuanqing Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01092-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01092-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The distribution of dietary macronutrients is critical for blood glucose management and adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, the relationship between plant-based food intake and the risk of large-for- gestational-age (LGA) birth is unclear. Here, based on a large-scale birth cohort, we aim to investigate the prospective association between plant-based diet intake and the risk of LGA birth in pregnant women with GDM. METHODS: We included 1768 GDM participants and assessed dietary plant-based diet patterns by constructing plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) using data collected from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). LGA were defined as gender- and gestational age-adjusted birth weight of newborns greater than 90th percentile. RESULTS: We found that individuals in the highest quartile of uPDI had a significantly higher risk of LGA compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR :1.62, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.62, p = 0.05), after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Moreover, the dose-response analysis indicated a significant nonlinear relationship, with the risk of LGA increasing as uPDI rose from the first to the second quartile (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.88, p = 0.03) and then plateauing upon reaching the third quartile (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.21, p < 0.01). The sensitivity analyses showed that this association was generally robust across different adjustment models, but was attenuated by further adjustment for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which indicated potential mediation roles of HbA1c between unhealthy plant-based diets and LGA risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that unhealthy plant food intake is a potential risk factor for LGA among pregnant women with GDM. The quality of plant-based foods should be considered when promoting plant-based dietary patterns. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on dietary sodium with invalid methods does not advance scientific understanding.","authors":"Norm R C Campbell, Francesco P Cappuccio","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-01057-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-01057-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wuopio et al. (22:104, 2025) examined associations between urinary sodium excretion and metabolic markers using an invalid method (a spot urine sample and the Kawasaki estimating equation (‘spot method’)). The spot method has both high random and systematic error, and has been shown to produce spurious health outcome and disease association. Due to false controversy generated by studies using spot method, it has been recommended not to be used in research associating dietary sodium to health outcomes by major international and national scientific organizations and experts. Wuopio et al. are aware of the methods limitations and concerns about its use but in our opinion did not address these issues in their manuscript. The spot urine method represents a good example of how an inappropriate research method can undermine scientific understanding and generate false controversy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12874762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral fat metabolism score and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages in all-cause and cause-specific mortality: insights from UK Biobank.","authors":"Jilong Bai, Panting Wei, Yao Zhang, Liying Wang, Jinyan Liu, Wenxu Wang, Wan Yu, Difei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01083-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01083-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The roles of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) staging and the emerging obesity marker Visceral Fat Metabolism Score (METS-VF) in cause-specific mortality, as well as their potential interaction, remain to be further investigated. METHODS: 396,383 UK Biobank participants were analyzed. Primary outcomes included all-cause and cause-specific deaths, including cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other causes. Independent and joint effects of METS-VF and CKM were evaluated using a COX proportional hazards regression model, with multiple sensitivity analyses conducted to verify robustness. Dose–response relationships were visualized using restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate the discriminative performance of METS-VF for predicting mortality compared with other obesity-related indices. Multiple sensitivity analyses were further performed to assess the robustness of the findings. RESULTS: Over an average follow-up of 12.51 years, 34,471 deaths were recorded. After multivariate adjustment, both METS-VF and CKM stage were associated with all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for the highest METS-VF quartile was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.61–1.80), and for the highest CKM stage was 2.23 (95% CI: 2.12–2.35). Each 0.1 increase in METS-VF raised the risk of death by 8.2% (CVD), 3.5% (respiratory), 8.8% (digestive), 2.7% (cancer), and 6.9% (other causes). RCS analysis showed a non-linear relationship between METS-VF and mortality. ROC analyses further demonstrated that METS-VF exhibited significantly higher predictive performance for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality compared to other obesity-related indices. Joint analysis revealed that participants with stage IV CKM and high METS-VF had the highest risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with synergistic effects noted for CVD, and digestive mortality. CONCLUSION: High METS-VF and late-stage CKM were associated with increased risks of mortality from multiple causes. For individuals with late-stage CKM, enhanced assessment of METS-VF is recommended to facilitate timely interventions and reduce mortality risk. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate use of spot-urine sodium estimates for population-level and exploratory analyses: a response to Campbell and Cappuccio.","authors":"Jonas Wuopio, Lin Yi-Ting, Koen F Dekkers, Tove Fall, J Gustav Smith, Anders Larsson, Gunnar Engström, Marju Orho-Melander, Linda Johnson, Johan Ärnlöv","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-01056-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-01056-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to Campbell and Cappuccio's comments, this letter clarifies and defends the appropriate use of spot-urine sodium estimates in population-level and exploratory analyses. The critique misrepresents key aspects of the study design and overstates the limitations of spot-urine equations. While acknowledging that these methods are unsuitable for precise individual assessment, they perform adequately for ranking individuals and examining population-level associations, as supported by extensive validation studies. The reported associations with metabolic traits were internally consistent, biologically plausible, and in agreement with findings from studies using 24-hour urine collections. Dismissing such analyses as \"invalid\" undermines constructive scientific dialogue and disregards the exploratory value of transparent, hypothesis-generating research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12874944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin signaling pathway related m⁶A methylated biomarker for type 2 diabetes and the potential modulation mechanism.","authors":"Jing Dong, Yu Zhang, Yan-Ling Li, Li-Juan Wu, Shuo Wang, Ning Chen, Yu-Xiang Yan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01086-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01086-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Deficiency of insulin signaling components may act as the underlying mechanisms for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. This study aimed to identify the insulin signaling pathway related m6A methylated biomarker for early detection of T2D. METHODS: Candidate genes (PIK3CA and AKT1) with abnormal m6A modification in insulin signaling pathway and the potential methylase (FTO) were selected and validated. Luciferase assay was used to investigate the interaction between FTO and PIK3CA/AKT1. The mechanism of FTO on m6A modification of PIK3CA was validated by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), western-blot and glucose metabolism assays. The clinical significance of m6A methylated PIK3CA was evaluated in a nested case-control study. RESULTS: We found that the m6A content and mRNA expression of PIK3CA were significantly downregulated and FTO mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in T2D cases and prediabetes, compared with controls. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that FTO overexpression significantly reduced the m6A level, total mRNA and protein expression of PIK3CA, subsequently inhibited glucose consumption and glucose metabolism. m6A methylated PIK3CA can significantly improve the predictive ability of T2D occurrence beyond traditional risk factors alone. CONCLUSION: Decreased m6A level of PIK3CA promote abnormal glucose metabolism and T2D development by reducing PIK3CA mRNA expression, which was under the control of FTO-mediated m6A modification. m6A methylated PIK3CA is a valuable biomarker for prediction and early detection of T2D. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12896114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake of individual and total carotenoids in relation to overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study.","authors":"Majid Kamali, Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni, Mahsa Shapouri, Masoomeh Alsadat Mirshafaei, Yeganeh Shekari, Malikeh Mohajerani, Torsten Bohn, Ali Nouri, Faezeh Tejareh, Barbod Alhouei, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Farhad Vahid, Akram Kooshki, Saeid Doaei","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-01059-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-01059-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary carotenoids may have independent positive impacts on a range of health-related outcomes such as obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between individual and total dietary carotenoids and the likelihood of being overweight or obese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary intakes of 4202 participants of the PERSIAN cohort study were investigated by a 237-item FFQ, and carotenoid intake was determined using the USDA food databases. Models of logistic regression were applied to assess the association between obesity and overweight and dietary intake of carotenoids after adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher total carotenoid intake was associated with reduced risk of overweight (energy-adjusted OR: 0.647, 95% CI: 0.429-0.975, P = 0.037) and obesity (energy-adjusted OR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.244-0.640, P < 0.001). Specific individual carotenoids, including β-carotene (OR: 0.510, 95% CI: 0.356-0.731, P < 0.001), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR: 0.479, 95% CI: 0.331-0.692, P < 0.001), and phytoene (OR = 0.450, 95% CI = 0.306-0.661, P < 0.001) exhibited stronger inverse associations compared to lycopene and astaxanthin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diets rich in specific carotenoids, particularly β-carotene, lutein, and phytoene, may reduce the risk of both overweight and obesity. Future research ought to examine the mechanisms behind the relations of carotenoids with public health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of healthy lifestyle, depression with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality modified by metabolic syndrome among individuals: evidence from US NHANES and UK biobank cohort studies.","authors":"Feng Hu, Fayuan Fu, Hui Chen, Xinjie Zeng, Jing Wang, Chaoyang Lin, Yufang Jiang, Lin Fan, Yukun Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01087-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01087-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quantitative effects of integrating healthy lifestyles with depression on mortality remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 19, 528 individuals from NHANES and 75, 785 participants from the UK Biobank were analyzed. The associations between combined healthy lifestyle and depression with mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 855 or 2,286 instances of all-cause death and 249 or 405 instances of cardiovascular death, respectively. Participants exhibiting healthier lifestyle choices or better depression status had a reduced risk of death. Moreover, individuals adhering to a favorable lifestyle and concurrently staying mentally healthy had a reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death compared to their counterparts (adjusted-HR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.51 for all-cause death, P < 0.001; adjusted-HR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.77, P = 0.027 for cardiovascular death in the NHANES database; adjusted-HR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.40 for all-cause death, P < 0.001; adjusted-HR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.67, P = 0.002 for cardiovascular death in the UK Biobank). Additionally, the joint association of lifestyle and depression categories on cardiovascular mortality was modified by metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subjects adhering to a favorable lifestyle and concurrently staying mentally healthy had a reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death compared to their counterparts. This joint association of lifestyle and depression on cardiovascular mortality was modified by metabolic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of melatonin supplementation on blood glycemic indices in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Saeid Hadi, Vahid Hadi, Milad Mohammadzadeh, Babak Jahangirfard","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-01061-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-01061-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>INTRODUCTION: Melatonin, a neurohormone primarily known for its regulation of circadian rhythms, has recently received attention for its potential role in glucose metabolism. Several trials suggest that melatonin supplementation may influence glycemic control through mechanisms involving insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. However, findings across studies remain inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to summarize current evidence on the effects of melatonin administration on blood glucose parameters in diverse adult populations. METHOD: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to July 2025. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for net changes in risk factors using random effects models. RESULTS: 30 RCTs (with 31 arms) were included. melatonin supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (WMD = -2.66 mg/dl, 95%CI: -4.53 to -0.80, n = 27), insulin (WMD = -1.58 µIU/ml, 95%CI: -2.40 to -0.76, n = 16), HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.53, 95%CI: -0.85 to -0.20, n = 16), and improve Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) (WMD = 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.01, n = 7). No significant effects were observed on HbA1c (WMD = -0.45%, 95%CI: -0.94 to 0.04, n = 7). CONCLUSION: The results of the present meta-analysis showed that melatonin supplementation could significantly improve fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels. However, no significant results were observed for HbA1c. However, the results obtained were highly heterogeneous, so the results should be interpreted with caution. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome mediates the association between dietary quality and metabolic risk in a heterogeneous adult population.","authors":"Madeline Bartsch, Linda Hemmelrath, Felix Kerlikowsky, Anja Bruns, Milena Burhop, Josefine Nebl, Theresa Greupner, Till Strowig, Till R Lesker, Lena Amend, Marius Vital, Shoma Berkemeyer, Andreas Hahn, Mattea Müller","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01077-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01077-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet is a determinant of metabolic health, partly through its effects on the gut microbiome, which influences nutrient metabolism, inflammation, and energy balance. We investigated the mediating role of gut microbiome features in the association between dietary quality and metabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we included 269 adults aged 25-76 years with heterogeneous metabolic profiles, BMI ranging from 17.5 to 47.6 kg/m², and fasting glucose levels between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-MON), the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHEI-MON), and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), derived from food-frequency questionnaires and three-day food records. Metabolic risk was quantified using a continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) incorporating waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Microbiome composition (16 S rRNA gene sequencing) and predicted SCFA pathways were analyzed using adjusted multiple linear regression, PERMANOVA, and differential abundance analysis. Mediation analyses examined microbial features as potential mediators of the association between diet and metabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher HEI-MON, PHEI-MON, and aMED were associated with lower cMetS (q < 0.01). Christensenellaceae R7 group and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group were enriched with higher dietary quality and lower cMetS (q < 0.1), whereas Lachnoclostridium were associated with lower diet quality and higher cMetS (q < 0.1). The Enterotype Dysbiosis Score (EDS) correlated inversely with dietary quality (PHEI-MON q = 0.04) and positively with cMetS (q = 0.04). Butyrate-synthesis pathways were more abundant in individuals with higher dietary quality (q < 0.05) and inversely associated with cMetS (q < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that the Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, the Christensenellaceae R7 group, and Lachnoclostridium accounted for up to 16% of the association between diet and metabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Better dietary quality is associated with lower metabolic risk and positive gut microbiome signatures across taxonomic, functional, and stability-related aspects. Certain taxa statistically mediated these associations, highlighting gut microbiome features that may contribute to observed links between dietary patterns and metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12849433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns for metabolic associated fatty liver disease: evidence from randomized controlled trials with grade analysis.","authors":"Yunhang Chu, Ming Yang, Qi Meng, Delong Cong, Lingyu Xu, Peng Dai, Ziqiang Chen, Sulan Chen, Rui Zhang, Yan Leng","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-01065-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-01065-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns (LCDP) in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The literature search was conducted in 8 databases, covering all relevant randomized controlled trials on LCDP intervention for MAFLD patients from the database establishment to June 1, 2025. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software for meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection were performed using Stata 18.0 software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study included 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the criteria, involving 408 MAFLD patients and covering 18 outcome measures related to anthropometry, liver function, blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose. The study results indicate that LCDP can significantly affect the body weight (BW) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) is -4.09 kg[-7.36, -0.81]; waist circumference (WC) -4.84 cm[-5.46, -4.23]; body mass index (BMI) -1.60 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;[-2.41, -0.79]; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) -3.47mmHg[-5.23, -1.71]; triglycerides (TG) -0.45mmol/L[-0.73, -0.17]; fasting plasma glucose (FPG) -0.33mmol/L[-0.60, -0.06] and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) -1.57[-2.52, -0.62] levels in patients with MAFLD. Subgroup analysis based on dietary subtypes showed that low carbohydrate diets (LCD) significantly affect the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) -6.82U/L[-12.15, -1.49] levels in MAFLD patients. Very low carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets (VLCKD) can significantly affect the BW -4.62 kg[-8.10, -1.14]; WC -4.90 cm[-5.53, -4.28]; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) -0.03[-0.05, -0.01]; BMI - 1.68 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;[-2.64, -0.71]; TG -0.56mmol/L[-0.87, -0.24]; glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) -0.61%[-1.13, -0.09] and HOMA-IR -2.27[-4.01, -0.54] in MAFLD patients. When the LCDP intervention cycle is 8 weeks, it may had no significant effect in MAFLD patients. When the intervention period is 12 weeks, it can significantly affect the BW -6.03 kg[-8.99, -3.07]; WC -4.88 cm[-5.50, -4.26]; BMI - 2.33 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;[-2.61, -2.06]; HOMA-IR -1.44[-2.35, -0.52]; HbA1c -0.61%[-1.13, -0.09]; TG -0.50mmol/L[-0.98, -0.02]; aspartate transaminase (AST) -6.19U/L[-8.85, -3.54] and ALT - 17.09U/L[-26.40, -7.78] in MAFLD patients, and significantly affect the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) + 0.22mmol/L[0.17, 0.27] in MAFLD patients. Adverse events were reported in 1 trial, commonly including dyspepsia, nausea, and found diet difficult to implement, etc. Although there is some heterogeneity in the study, the results are stable and there is no clear evidence of small-study effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;LCDP can improve obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in MAFLD patients, and has a layered mechanism for regulating bloo","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12817522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}