Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Previous oral glucose tolerance test results as predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in subsequent pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Li Wu, Gaojie Fan, Li Zhang, Jianing Bi, Jing Peng, Qing Liu, Qing Fang, Lulu Song, Lijuan Zheng, Guocheng Liu, Youjie Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01109-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01109-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Although the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), its potential to predict GDM recurrence or occurrence in subsequent pregnancies remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to determine whether OGTT results from a previous pregnancy could predict GDM risk in a subsequent pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 11,397 women with two consecutive singleton pregnancies between January 2015 and July 2024, obtained from the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital. A 75-g OGTT was performed at 24–28 gestational weeks, with GDM diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess associations between prior OGTT values (fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour glucose levels) and subsequent GDM risk. Predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Elevated OGTT values (fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour glucose levels) in the previous pregnancy were significantly associated with increased GDM risk in the subsequent pregnancy. Women with prior GDM had a markedly higher GDM incidence rate (51.6%) than those without prior GDM (10.6%). Combined hyperglycemia (elevated fasting and postprandial glucose) conferred the highest risk (adjusted OR: 16.21, 95% CI: 11.17–23.93), followed by isolated postprandial hyperglycemia (adjusted OR: 7.83, 95% CI: 6.85–8.98) and isolated fasting hyperglycemia (adjusted OR = 6.36, 95% CI: 4.64–8.68). OGTT values exhibited a J-shaped relationship with GDM risk. The model incorporating all three OGTT values demonstrated improved predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.81–0.83). CONCLUSIONS: OGTT results from a previous pregnancy are strong predictors of GDM risk in subsequent pregnancies. These findings support the clinical use of routine OGTT data to identify high-risk women for targeted interventions, potentially reducing GDM recurrence and improving maternal-neonatal outcomes. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics reveals early pregnancy serum metabolic changes and predictive biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Feng Wang, Xiaodie Li, Xue Gao, Jinping Liang, Xuemei Guo, Jingzhong Ou, Ya Yuan, Chuchu Zhao, Ting Zhang, Juan Dai","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01107-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01107-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. The incidence of GDM is rising annually, with the potential to elicit a multitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the diagnostic approaches for GDM are limited, lacking early diagnostic markers, thereby narrowing the treatment window and restricting therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a nested case-control study, 34 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were matched with 34 non-GDM women based on similar age, gestational age, gravidity, and parity. A retrospective analysis was conducted using untargeted metabolomics to explore serum metabolic differences between the two groups during early pregnancy (9-13 weeks). Additionally, targeted quantification of biomarker levels was performed, and a predictive model was established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-six differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and non-GDM groups in early pregnancy, primarily encompassing amino acids and their derivatives, as well as lipids and lipid-like molecules. Enriched metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant changes in arginine biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, among others, in the GDM group during early pregnancy. Specifically, glycerophospholipid metabolism was upregulated, while glutamate metabolism was downregulated. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis revealed that a combination of three metabolites-L-phenylalanine, uracil, and pyroglutamic acid-displayed robust predictive power for GDM (AUC = 0.920, sensitivity = 0.941, and specificity = 0.794). Following absolute quantification of the combined biomarkers, a predictive equation based on binary logistic regression was formulated as follows: [Formula: see text]. This equation exhibited an AUC of 0.860, a sensitivity of 0.714, and a specificity of 0.857, demonstrating exceptional predictive capability for GDM in early pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified significant serum metabolic changes during early pregnancy in GDM women, unveiling potential mechanisms underlying the early development of GDM and prognostic biomarkers. These findings not only deepen our understanding of metabolic disturbances in GDM but also provide crucial theoretical foundations for early screening and precision interventions in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of insulin resistance indexes with longitudinal trajectories of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: insights from the UK Biobank.","authors":"Yingdong Han, Juan Wu, Menghui Yao, Zhikai Li, Tiange Xie, Yun Zhang, Xuejun Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01098-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01098-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological mechanism potentially linking cardiometabolic diseases, yet the comparative performance of various surrogate indexes in predicting disease trajectories remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between insulin resistance indexes and cardiometabolic disease trajectories, and to identify the most suitable index for clinical risk assessment. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 357,759 participants free of cardiometabolic diseases at baseline from the UK Biobank. We assessed seven insulin resistance indexes (estimated glucose disposal rate [eGDR], triglyceride-glucose index [TyG], triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index [TyG-WC], triglyceride-glucose-body mass index [TyG-BMI], triglyceride-glucose-waist-to-height ratio [TyG-WHtR], triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio [TG/HDL-C], and metabolic score for insulin resistance [METS-IR]) and applied multi-state models to analyze disease trajectories from baseline to first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and death. RESULTS: During follow-up, 47,125 participants developed FCMD, 5,326 progressed to CMM, and 26,074 died. Among all indexes, eGDR exhibited the highest predictive value for both FCMD (AUC = 0.690) and CMM (AUC = 0.754), followed by TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC. Higher eGDR was associated with lower risks of transitioning from baseline to FCMD (HR = 0.63, 95%CI:0.62–0.64) and from FCMD to CMM (HR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.74–0.81). Conversely, higher TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR increased risks of transitions from baseline to FCMD (HR = 1.52, 95%CI:1.48–1.56; HR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.52–1.59) and from FCMD to CMM (HR = 1.21, 95%CI:1.13–1.30; HR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.16–1.32). Disease-specific analysis revealed insulin resistance indexes exhibited strongest effects on type 2 diabetes-related transitions (eGDR: HR = 0.49, 95%CI:0.48–0.50; TyG-WC: HR = 2.37, 95%CI:2.28–2.45). These associations remained consistent across major demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance indexes, particularly eGDR, effectively predict cardiometabolic disease trajectories. These findings underscore insulin resistance’s role in disease progression and suggest eGDR as a valuable clinical risk stratification tool. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple B vitamins dynamics during pregnancy and the risk of immediate postpartum anemia: a longitudinal birth cohort study.","authors":"Jieling Wu, Mengtong Yang, Litao Guo, Peisi He, Di Wang, Ruikun He, Chuhui Qiu, Baolin Liang, Chaoming Deng, Yong Guo, Qiang Sun, Zhongxia Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01097-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Postpartum anemia is a global health issue linked to maternal mortality and sepsis. While iron deficiency plays a role, its contribution is limited, highlighting the need for better biomarkers. Although some studies suggest potential links between certain B vitamins and anemia, their relationship with immediate postpartum anemia (IPPA) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the longitudinal trajectory patterns of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B9) during pregnancy and their potential associations with IPPA, and to develop a preliminary predictive model based on identified factors. METHODS: We recruited 200 women in second trimester, measuring B vitamin levels longitudinally through pregnancy and postpartum. IPPA was defined as hemoglobin < 11 g/dL within 24 h postpartum. Latent class trajectory models (LCTM) identified B vitamin trajectories, and logistic regression analyzed associations with IPPA. A predictive model for IPPA risk was developed using the Kolmogorov-Arnold network (KAN), with performance evaluated via the area under the curve (AUC), the net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: IPPA was diagnosed in 52.5% of participants. Unique trajectories of vitamins B1 (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.59) and B3 (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.57) were associated with reduced IPPA risk. Single-time-point analyses indicated that second-trimester levels of B1 (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–0.98) and B3 (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97) may be associated with lower IPPA risk. The predictive model, integrating second-trimester levels of B1, B3, and iron, achieved an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.76–0.79). The KAN-based predictive model showed an NRI of 0.32 (95% CI 0.27–0.37) and an IDI of 0.08 (95% CI 0.07–0.09), indicating superior predictive performance compared to the base model. CONCLUSIONS: Our exploratory findings suggest that B vitamins, particularly the previously unrecognized vitamin B3, may play a protective role against IPPA, with the second trimester emerging as a potential critical window for monitoring. The developed predictive model shows promise as a screening tool. These results require validation in larger prospective studies but point to modifiable nutritional factors that could inform future prevention strategies. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between monounsaturated fatty acids intake with Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Lingyan Zhou, Lufeng Cheng, Xuechun Sun, Meijie Qu, Xingyu Zhang, Jing Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01102-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01102-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake and the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among US adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the NHANES 2001–2018 were selected. PD cases were identified through self-reported PD medications. MUFAs intake was determined from dietary interview data for two 24-hour periods. To address severe outcome imbalance and improve covariate comparability, we conducted survey-weighted propensity score matching (PSM) incorporating NHANES sampling weights. In the matched sample, survey-weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between MUFAs intake (quartiles) and PD prevalence, and a trend test was performed. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to examine potential non-linear associations. RESULTS: A total of 12,122 participants were included, consisting of 84 PD patients and 12,038 participants without PD. MUFAs intake was significantly lower in the PD group than in matched controls after PSM (P = 0.010). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested heterogeneity across some subpopulations. RCS analyses did not indicate a significant non-linear relationship between MUFAs intake and the prevalence of PD. CONCLUSION: Higher MUFAs intake was inversely associated with PD prevalence in this cross-sectional analysis. Given the study design, causality cannot be inferred; prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and clarify underlying mechanisms. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic profiles in children with obesity: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Kununya Charoensriwattanakul, Chonnikant Visuthranukul, Penpitcha Pongchaidacha, Surapun Tepaamorndech, Inthawoot Suppavorasatit, Sirinuch Chomtho","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01101-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01101-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a global concern, associated with various metabolic complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Synbiotics may improve metabolic health by modulating gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in children with obesity. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (April 2024-June 2025), children aged 7–18 years with obesity received either a new freeze-dried synbiotic (10 g inulin from Thai Jerusalem artichoke plus Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus paracasei, 10⁷ CFU each) or a placebo (isocaloric maltodextrin) daily for 3 months. Both groups received the same lifestyle modification counseling. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and month 3. RESULTS: Sixty children were enrolled; 57 completed the study. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased in the synbiotic group compared to controls [median change: 0.34 (-0.16, 1.35) vs. -0.84 (-1.35, -0.33) mg/dL, P = 0.001], after adjusting for baseline. No significant changes were observed in BMI z-score or other metabolic parameters. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in dietary intake or physical activity levels between groups at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Synbiotic supplementation significantly improved HDL-C in children with obesity. These results suggest that synbiotics may serve as an adjunctive nutritional intervention for managing metabolic health in childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/ (TCTR20240321005). </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin carotenoids indicate diet, serum carotenoids, and inflammation across obesity and metabolic status in children.","authors":"Yang Liu, Huihui Huang, Chi Sun, Wenhan Jia, Xuxiu Zhuang, Jia Zheng, Le Jiang, Yanan Ma, Bing Song, Joel Gittelsohn, Deliang Wen","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01075-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01075-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVES: To validate reflection spectroscopy (RS)-based skin carotenoids (SCS) as non-invasive biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) in children and adolescents with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. METHODS: This case-control study (China, 2023) included 210 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years, categorized into five groups: healthy weight (n = 30), overweight (n = 23), obesity (n = 25), obesity with one metabolic disorder (n = 56), and obesity with two or more metabolic disorders (n = 76). SCS levels were measured using RS, FVI was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire, serum carotenoids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and inflammatory markers were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: SCS and serum carotenoid levels decreased significantly across groups (p for trend < 0.001). SCS correlated strongly with serum carotenoids, except for lycopene, with the strongest association observed in children and adolescents with obesity and two or more metabolic disorders. A quartile increase in FVI resulted in an 11.92–45.98 unit increase in SCS, partially mediated by total serum carotenoids, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. SCS also inversely correlated with inflammation in metabolically disordered groups. CONCLUSIONS: RS-based SCS is a valid, non-invasive biomarker of FVI, closely related to serum carotenoids and inflammatory status, and effectively distinguishes metabolic dysfunction in children and adolescents. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13032390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural bioactive molecules and chemotherapeutics synergism for enhanced cancer therapy.","authors":"Mehrdad Hashemi, Katayoun Heshmatzad, Ghazaleh Shahsavan, Vahid Tavakolpour, Sara Komeilie Esfahani, Pardis Karimi, Naghmeh Beikzadeh, Saba Mashhadikhan, Sevda Nasirzade, Ali Vasheghani Farahani, Neda Zali, William C Cho, Afshin Taheriazam, Ehsan Maghrebi-Ghojogh, Mina Alimohammadi, Payman Rahimzadeh, Kiavash Hushmandi, Maliheh Entezari","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01094-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01094-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapy remains a foundation of cancer care but is limited by multidrug resistance, systemic toxicities, and suboptimal selectivity, prompting interest in adjunctive strategies that improve efficacy and tolerability without adding significant burden to patients or healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Aims/objectives: </strong>This review highlights evidence on natural bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and fungal metabolites, as adjuvants to standard chemotherapeutics, with objectives to: first, delineate mechanisms by which these agents enhance cytotoxic efficacy and overcome resistance; second, summarize preclinical and clinical combination data; and third, evaluate their potential to mitigate chemotherapy-induced organ toxicities through pathway modulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Natural bioactives modulate key oncogenic and stress-response pathways, such as NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and NRF2/HO-1, thereby sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy, attenuating pro-survival signaling, and enhancing apoptosis while reducing inflammatory and oxidative injury in normal tissues. Exemplary combinations, including curcumin with 5‑fluorouracil and resveratrol with cisplatin, have demonstrated improved antitumor activity and reduced toxicity in preclinical models, with early clinical observations supporting feasibility and safety in selected settings. Additionally, several compounds exhibit organ-protective effects against cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and gastrointestinal injury induced by chemotherapy, suggesting dual benefits on efficacy and tolerability profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating natural bioactives with conventional chemotherapy represents a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic index by concurrently amplifying antitumor mechanisms and mitigating dose‑limiting toxicities, though broader clinical validation and standardized quality controls are needed for routine adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13023180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women: a national cohort study.","authors":"Wenguang Lai, Louyi Xiao, Jinning He, Zhidong Huang, Junhao He, Wenjun Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01096-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01096-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women remains unclear. METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2018. Participants were stratified by eGDR levels (< 4, 4–6, 6–8, and ≥ 8 mg/kg/min). Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models estimated risks of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality, and logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of having a 10-year predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk ≥ 20%. RESULTS: The study enrolled 7,788 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 60.5 years. During a median follow-up of 9.1 (IQR: 4.8–14.3) years, 414 cardiovascular deaths occurred (3.9%). Compared with the reference group (eGDR < 4 mg/kg/min), multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 0.37 (0.20–0.67), 0.29 (0.12–0.67), and 0.29 (0.12–0.72) for eGDR categories of 4–6, 6–8, and ≥ 8 mg/kg/min, respectively. A negative linear dose-response relationship was observed. Similar inverse associations were found for all-cause mortality and for having a predicted 10-year CVD risk ≥ 20%, with lower eGDR consistently predicting worse outcomes. CONCLUSION: Lower eGDR, reflecting higher insulin resistance, was independently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality risk among postmenopausal women. These findings support the potential utility of eGDR as a practical biomarker for early cardiovascular mortality risk stratification. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13032457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity is the culprit behind fatty acid-induced inflammation.","authors":"Yahui Guo, Haodi Luan, Jing Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01076-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01076-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of obesity has emerged as one of the most severe public health challenges of the 21st century. Research conducted over the past decade has fundamentally transformed our understanding of the pathological essence of obesity. Rather than being viewed as a static state of energy accumulation, it is now regarded as a driver of chronic low-grade inflammation. Within this inflammatory process, the composition of dietary fatty acids and metabolic dysregulation plays central roles. The considerable imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio within contemporary dietary structures, in conjunction with elevated saturated fatty acid intake, collectively establishes the metabolic foundation of the inflammatory microenvironment. This paper provides a systematic review of recent research advances, revealing how obesity reshapes the fatty acid metabolism profile, activates multi-organ inflammatory networks, and ultimately forms a vicious cycle of “obesity-fatty acids-inflammation.” This field has seen breakthrough discoveries ranging from gut microbiota-host interactions to immune cell metabolic reprogramming and from adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction to neuroinflammation. These discoveries have not only deepened our understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-related complications but also provided novel perspectives for developing precision anti-inflammatory strategies targeting fatty acid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12983907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}