Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D-is the sun enough for us?","authors":"Beata M Gruber-Bzura","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00962-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00962-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D is the easiest available of the exogenous vitamins, just to go outside on a sunny day …. This, of course, is a simplification, but it raises some considerations, such as whether enjoying the beautiful weather during summer will provide us with adequate vitamin D during the dark winter, without the need for additional supplementation. Some sites in the organism provide the long-term supply of calcidiol to serum, such as the adipose tissue or muscles. The questions are: are our \"internal storage\" of vitamin D efficient? For how long will this storage last? Which of the sources-the sun or oral supplementation is better? In this article, the author also tried to raise a subjects as follows: the doses of vitamin D that the sun provide us with and the form of vitamin D appropriate for the possible formation of its storage in the body. The following conclusions can be drawn: skin synthesis as the sole source of cholecalciferol does not guarantee the maintenance even of a minimal recommended serum calcidiol levels throughout the year. The supplemented doses should be correlated with the determined level of calcidiol in serum. The conducted research shows that vitamin D₃ is more effective than vitamin D_2. It is need to be aware that the issue of defined vitamin D supplementation, recommendations for the healthy population is very much alive and still open, which confirms its special importance not only for our condition, but also in the sense of broadly understood prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum essential elements and muscle health in Chinese adults: a community-based study.","authors":"Hong Ye, Dongmei Wang, Siyang Liu, Nanfang Yao, Zihao Gui, Zimeng Huang, Yi Zeng, Lan Liu, Heng Wan, Jie Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00964-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00964-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although studies have focused on the relationship between serum essential elements and muscle mass or muscle strength, research on sex- and age-specific associations between any two of them was limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the linear and nonlinear relationships between four serum essential elements, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), with muscle health, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), grip strength and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) among Chinese adults, and to explore the differences in these associations according to sex and age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included participants aged 18 years or older who completed bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and serological testing. ASM and grip strength were adjusted by dividing by body mass index (BMI). The multivariable linear regression, the subgroup analysis, and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were carried out. Linear trend tests and interaction tests were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5389 community-dwelling adults were included in the study. In the multivariable linear regression, serum Cu was negatively correlated with ASM/BMI and grip strength/BMI (both P for trend < 0.001), while there was a significant positive correlation with FMR (P for trend < 0.001). Inversely, serum Zn was positively correlated with ASM/BMI and grip strength/BMI (both P for trend < 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation with FMR (P for trend = 0.006). In the subgroup analysis of sex and age, serum Cu showed stronger negative associations with ASM/BMI (P for interaction = 0.001) and grip strength/BMI (P for interaction = 0.004) in younger adults and a stronger positive association with FMR (P for interaction < 0.001) in adult women. In the RCS analysis, a nonlinear and reverse L-shaped association was detected between serum Cu and FMR (P for nonlinear < 0.004), as well as serum Zn and grip strength/BMI (P for nonlinear = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated serum Cu levels are correlated with diminished muscle health, with variations observed across different age groups and genders. In contrast, increased serum Zn and Ca levels are associated with enhanced muscle health. Maintaining the balance of serum essential elements for preserving muscle health may be worthy of note. However, further research is warranted to validate the conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between four dietary indices and mortality risk in cardiovascular disease patients.","authors":"Mengshan Pan, Tongle Yin, Ying Yang, Feiyun Zhu, Jiamin Xu, Rucheng Chen, Weijun Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00966-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00966-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States, the Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet, and the Dietary Inflammation Index were linked to mortality rates in cardiovascular patients. This study investigated the relationship between these dietary patterns and all-cause mortality risk in U.S. cardiovascular patients from 2005 to 2006 to 2017-2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from adults aged 19 years and older participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2006 to 2017-2018. Dietary patterns were assessed for each survey cycle using 24-hour dietary recalls, and scores for the four dietary indices were calculated. Survey-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated associations between these indices and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease, using hazard ratios across quartiles and per 1-SD increment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3,088 patients with cardiovascular disease. In the partially adjusted model, the Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75-0.87; P < 0.001), Healthy Eating Index (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.93; P < 0.001), and the Mediterranean Diet (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90; P < 0.001) were each associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. In contrast, the Dietary Inflammatory Index was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.37; P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States (HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81-0.97; P = 0.005) remained significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, whereas the Dietary Inflammation Index (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07-1.34; P = 0.002) continued to show a significant association with increased mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among cardiovascular disease patients, higher adherence to the Healthy Eating Index, Mediterranean Diet, and Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States was linked to lower all-cause mortality, while higher Dietary Inflammation Index scores were linked to increased mortality. The Mediterranean Diet and Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States were inversely associated with mortality in congestive heart failure patients, whereas Dietary Inflammation Index was positively associated with mortality in this group and in those with angina pectoris.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12211250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of behavioral factors, liver function and NAFLD: Bayesian Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Lei Pu, Cheng Pu, Xiaoyan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00961-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00961-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The causal associations between behavioral factors (BFs) and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and whether liver function mediates these associations, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis using summary-level data to assess the associations between BFs and NAFLD. The linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used for genetic correlation analysis. Additionally, we utilized NHANES database to assess dose-response relationships. Furthermore, we applied two-sample MVMR approach based on Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to identify the most influential liver function index as a mediating factor, and performed mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2SMR results showed that leisure screen time (ST, β = 0.414, P = 5.91e-6) and smoking initiation (SI, β = 0.164, P = 0.012) were associated with NAFLD risk with no reverse causality. LDSC supported these associations (SI: rg = 0.291, P = 1.04e-8; ST: 0.518, P = 5.41e-21). However, MVMR showed that only ST was independently associated with NAFLD (β = 0.334, P = 4.6e-5). There was a linear relationship between ST and NAFLD, and NAFLD risk increased significantly after 5 h of ST. Alanine transaminase level was the most influential index (ALT, MIP = 0.452) and mediated 54% of the ST-NAFLD association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ST is independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. It is recommended to avoid more than 5 h of ST per day. ALT is the most influential liver function index associated with NAFLD and mediates the ST-NAFLD association.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to life's essential 8 and progression trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Hao Bai, Chengmiao Qiu, Miaomiao Fan, Yang Zhong, Xiaolin Yin, Tongchao Zhang, Hao Chen, Xiaorong Yang, Yuan Zhang, Shujuan Lin, Liyong Chen, Ming Lv","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00957-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00957-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, developed by the American Heart Association to evaluate cardiovascular health (CVH), was recently updated. Few studies have explored its effect on the incidence, progression, and prognosis of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). This study examines the association between the LE8 and the progress of CMM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 264,597 participants from the UK Biobank. CMM was defined as the presence of at least two of the three cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs): type 2 diabetes (T2D), stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Multi-state models were employed to investigate the relationship between the LE8 score and its subscales with risk of transitions from healthy to the onset of first cardiometabolic diseases (FCMD), followed by progression to CMM and to death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 13.94 years, 33,868 individuals developed at least one CMD, 4282 were diagnosed with CMM, and 4955 died. The results indicated that for each 1-SD increase in the LE8 score, a notable reduction was observed in the rate of progression from baseline to FCMD, baseline to death, and FCMD to CMM, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.65), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.85), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.83), respectively. However, no correlation was found between the LE8 score and the transition from FCMD or CMM to death. By contrast, per 1-SD increment in the behavior scale score was associated with decreased risk of transition from FCMD to death (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.95) and from CMM to death (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95), while per 1-SD increment in the biological scale score was associated with increased risk of transition from FCMD to death (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.14), and from CMM to death (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LE8 defined CVH influences the progression from a healthy state to FCMD, CMM, and death, highlighting the importance of improving CVH as a comprehensive approach for preventing CMM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of multiple micronutrients supplementation on preventing anemia during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Junhui Zhong, Nan Li, Junxi Chen, Jufen Liu, Zhiwen Li, Jiamei Wang, Xiaohong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00944-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00944-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) Supplements during pregnancy in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted with the supplement of Folic Acid (FA) only and FA plus MMN groups. Data was collected through questionnaires during the first prenatal visit. Hemoglobin levels were extracted from the Laboratory Information System. A total of 4,239 pregnant women who were admitted to Beijing Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital between May 2017 and November 2020 was evaluated. Chi-square tests and log-binomial regression were conducted to evaluate the relative risks (RRs) of two groups on the reduction of anemia during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The supplement of MMN was found to significantly decrease the risk of anemia in the later stages of pregnancy. Focusing on the third trimester specifically, the crude RR and adjusted RR were 0.891 and 0.844 respectively. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, a sufficient monthly intake frequency of MMN(≥ 24 pills) is associated with a lower relative risk of anemia, with a value of 0.897 and 0.809 compared to the group supplement FA only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The supplement of MMN has been correlated with a reduced risk of anemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. But the efficacy was limited in the first trimester. Frequent and early initiation of supplementation with FA and MMN pills is associated with a more significant reduction in the risk of anemia compare to group supplement of FA only.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults: a GRADE-assessed and dose-response meta-analysis of RCTs.","authors":"Mohammadyasin Lak, Mehdi Karimi, Camellia Akhgarjand, Shirin Ghotboddin Mohammadi, Pedram Pam, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Samira Pirzad, Mohammadreza Amirkhan-Dehkordi, Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf, Menno Henselmans, Omid Asbaghi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00959-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00959-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Weight management remains a global health concern, with increasing interest in nutritional interventions to support healthy body composition. In recent years, the potential role of supplements like Spirulina has gained considerable attention as a possible intervention. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search strategy was conducted across online databases to find relevant RCTs from inception until December 2024. The primary endpoints were changes in anthropometric indices. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using STATA software, and sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled analysis of 17 RCTs indicated that Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced body weight (BW) (WMD: -1.07 kg; p = 0.004), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.40; p = 0.025), body fat percentage (BFP) (WMD: -0.84%; p = 0.002), but had no significant effects on waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -0.46 cm; p = 0.280). Based on Egger's regression test, there is no publication bias for BW (p = 0.097), BMI (p = 0.382), BFP (p = 0.945), and WC (p = 0.488). A significant dose-response effect on BMI and intervention dose (Coefficient: -0.17, P = 0.007) and duration (Coefficient: 0.13, p = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spirulina supplementation effectively reduces BW, BMI, and BFP, with stronger effects at higher doses and longer durations, especially in obese or older individuals. While no significant change in WC was observed overall, subgroup analyses suggest potential benefits for specific populations, emphasizing the importance of personalized supplementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationships between metabolic syndrome, plasma metabolites, and female reproductive diseases: insights from a two-step mendelian randomization approach.","authors":"Li Li, Juanjuan Ma, Ningyu Sun, Panwei Hu, Yi Lin, Qinhua Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00955-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00955-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female reproductive diseases-including endometriosis (EMs), uterine fibroids (UFs), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy (EP), infertility, miscarriage, and ovarian aging-pose significant global health challenges. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a series of metabolic irregularities and has been linked to distinct plasma metabolomic profiles. Investigating the etiological connections among MetS, plasma metabolites, and female reproductive diseases is essential for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to evaluate the causal relationships among MetS, plasma metabolites, and female reproductive diseases using a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, MR investigations were conducted to determine the causative impact of MetS on nine female reproductive diseases utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data procured from European-descent populations. Statistically significant associations were identified for five diseases: UF, PCOS, GDM, eclampsia, and miscarriage. One hypothesis is that plasma metabolites may contribute to these associations. Subsequently, comprehensive MR analyses were performed using GWAS data on 233 plasma metabolites to examine causal relationships between these MetS-associated reproductive conditions and eight distinct classes of plasma metabolites. Sensitivity analyses, replication studies, and colocalization assessments were performed to validate the reliability of the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was identified as a causal factor for increased risks of UF, PCOS, GDM, eclampsia, and miscarriage. Further MR analyses revealed that specific plasma metabolites might causally affect the risk of female reproductive diseases: Eclampsia: Protective associations were observed with lipid molecules in large and very large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, including cholesterol esters and total cholesterol. Conversely, triglycerides in large HDL particles and indicators related to small HDL particles were linked to increased risk. PCOS: Risk factors included elevated levels of triglycerides in HDL particles, various very low-density lipoprotein metabolites, acetone, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and conjugated linoleic acid. GDM: Increased glucose levels were associated with increased GDM risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This investigation established that MetS causally elevates the risk of certain female reproductive diseases and identified plasma metabolites that influence these conditions. These findings enhance the understanding of the etiological pathways involved in MetS and reproductive disorders, highlighting plasma metabolites as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative multi-omics investigation of sleep apnea: gut microbiome metabolomics, proteomics and phenome-wide association study.","authors":"Shuxu Wei, Ronghuai Shen, Xiaojia Lu, Xinyi Li, Lingbin He, Youti Zhang, Xianxi Huang, Zhouwu Shu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00925-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00925-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep apnea (SA) is linked to various diseases. This study examines the causal link between the gut microbiome and SA, exploring potential predictive factors and target proteins using a multi-omics approach with a Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) were used to assess the genetic correlation and causal relationships between the gut microbiome and SA. Mediation analysis identified intermediate relationships involving \"gut microbiome-inflammatory proteins-SA.\" Two-sample MR and colocalization analysis in the deCODE and UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) databases identified protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) associated with SA. Validation analysis used Fenland proteins, methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). PheWAS screened 29 SA-associated SNPs and matched control SNPs (4:1 ratio) from UK Biobank data chosen through MR and LDSC analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) bidirectional MR analysis did not establish a causal link between the gut microbiome and SA. C-C motif chemokine 28 showed causal relationships in both directions (forward IVW, P = 0.0336; reverse IVW, P = 0.0336). Intermediate connections were found between the Holdemanella genus and urinary plasminogen activator levels with SA. TIMP4 protein had a significant causal relationship with SA(IVW method: P > 0.05, PH4 = 96.1%; P = 7.85 × 10^-6, PH4 in deCODE = 97.4%). PRIM1 and BMP8 A were identified as potential influencers of SA through mQTL and eQTL analyses. PheWAS suggested body impedance and predicted mass as potential predictors of SA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bidirectional causal relationships exist between SA and inflammatory proteins, with TIMP4 identified as a pathogenic factor and potential therapeutic target. PRIM1 and BMP8 A may impact SA risk. Body impedance and predicted mass predict SA significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with hemoglobin and other anemia parameters in children: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hongli Dong, Xiaojing Xu, Liang Gao, Yufei Ni","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00949-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-025-00949-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous in vitro studies indicated that 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] might contribute to the modulation of anemia parameters while epidemiological evidences were scarce in children. We explored the associations of 25(OH)D with hemoglobin (Hb) and other anemia parameters (mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], and serum ferritin [SF]) in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 10,227children (mean age 14.6 months) in Nantong, China, was carried out. Serum 25(OH)D, MCV, MCHC, and SF concentrations were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for the potential covariates, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with anemia parameters (quartile [Q] 4 vs. Q1: 127.304 vs. 78.982 g/L for Hb; 83.957 vs. 66.264 fL for MCV; 334.551 vs. 208.368 g/L for MCHC; 34.277 vs. 32.807 ng/mL for SF). Similar results were shown in the stratified analyses by gender. Consistently, a higher 25(OH)D was found to be related with a lower risk of anemia (OR_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.06, 95% CI_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.05, 0.07) in multi-variable analysis among total populations. Additionally, the \"25(OH)D-anemia parameters (Hb, MCV, and MCHC)\" and \"25(OH)D-anemia\" associations were mediated by hsCRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, our findings provided further support for the anti-anemia effects of 25(OH)D in Chinese children. Further research is warranted to replicate these results in different populations and in experimental settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}