{"title":"从动物和植物食物中摄入硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐与糖尿病前期和2型糖尿病发病率之间的关系:一项前瞻性研究","authors":"Milad Davarpanah, Zahra Bahadoran, Maryam Javadi, Amir Javadi, Davood Khalili, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-025-00988-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the potential effect of dietary nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>)/nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>) on the incidence of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study was conducted on 2417 T2D- and Pre-DM free adults, aged 21-70 years (mean age of 39.6 ± 13.3 and 45.8% men) who participated in the third (2006-2008) examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and followed up to 2018-2022. The participants' habitual dietary intakes of NO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of Pre-DM and T2D across quartile categories of NO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> intakes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (SD) daily intake of NO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were 489 (206) mg/d and 9.6 (3.8) mg/d; NO<sub>3</sub> intakes mainly were derived from plant sources (95.7%). The highest compared to the lowest quartile of total and plant-based dietary NO3 intakes was accompanied by a significantly decreased risk of Pre-DM (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.85, HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.88). A reduced risk of T2D was observed in medium intakes of NO<sub>3</sub> (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-1.00, in the total and plant-based sources, respectively). The lowest compared to the highest quartile of dietary NO<sub>2</sub> was accompanied by a reduced incidence of T2D (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.98, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.84 in the total and plant-based sources, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher and medium intakes of NO<sub>3</sub> are associated with a reduced incidence of Pre-DM and T2D, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"22 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326719/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The association between dietary intakes of nitrate with nitrite from animal and plant food sources and the incidence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a prospective study.\",\"authors\":\"Milad Davarpanah, Zahra Bahadoran, Maryam Javadi, Amir Javadi, Davood Khalili, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12986-025-00988-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the potential effect of dietary nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>)/nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>) on the incidence of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study was conducted on 2417 T2D- and Pre-DM free adults, aged 21-70 years (mean age of 39.6 ± 13.3 and 45.8% men) who participated in the third (2006-2008) examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and followed up to 2018-2022. The participants' habitual dietary intakes of NO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of Pre-DM and T2D across quartile categories of NO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> intakes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (SD) daily intake of NO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were 489 (206) mg/d and 9.6 (3.8) mg/d; NO<sub>3</sub> intakes mainly were derived from plant sources (95.7%). The highest compared to the lowest quartile of total and plant-based dietary NO3 intakes was accompanied by a significantly decreased risk of Pre-DM (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.85, HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.88). A reduced risk of T2D was observed in medium intakes of NO<sub>3</sub> (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-1.00, in the total and plant-based sources, respectively). The lowest compared to the highest quartile of dietary NO<sub>2</sub> was accompanied by a reduced incidence of T2D (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.98, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.84 in the total and plant-based sources, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher and medium intakes of NO<sub>3</sub> are associated with a reduced incidence of Pre-DM and T2D, respectively.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19196,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nutrition & Metabolism\",\"volume\":\"22 1\",\"pages\":\"91\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326719/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nutrition & Metabolism\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00988-z\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrition & Metabolism","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00988-z","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:探讨膳食硝酸盐(NO3)/亚硝酸盐(NO2)对糖尿病前期(Pre-DM)和2型糖尿病(T2D)发病率的潜在影响。方法:本纵向研究对参加德黑兰脂质和葡萄糖研究(TLGS)第三次检查(2006-2008)的2417名无T2D和前期dm的成年人(平均年龄39.6±13.3,男性45.8%)进行了随访,随访至2018-2022年。在基线时使用半定量食物频率问卷(FFQ)估计参与者的习惯性饮食中NO3和NO2的摄入量。采用多变量校正Cox比例风险模型计算NO3和NO2摄入四分位数类别中Pre-DM和T2D发病率的风险比(hr)和95%置信区间(ci)。结果:日NO3和NO2的平均(SD)摄入量分别为489 (206)mg/d和9.6 (3.8)mg/d;NO3主要来源于植物源(95.7%)。与最低四分位数相比,总和植物性膳食NO3摄入量最高的四分位数显著降低了前期糖尿病的风险(HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.85, HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.88)。中等剂量的NO3摄入降低了T2D的风险(HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-1.00,分别为总来源和植物来源)。与饲料中NO2含量最高的四分位数相比,最低的四分位数伴随着T2D发病率的降低(HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.98, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.84)。结论:较高和中等NO3摄入量分别与前期dm和T2D发生率降低相关。
The association between dietary intakes of nitrate with nitrite from animal and plant food sources and the incidence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a prospective study.
Aim: We investigated the potential effect of dietary nitrate (NO3)/nitrite (NO2) on the incidence of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 2417 T2D- and Pre-DM free adults, aged 21-70 years (mean age of 39.6 ± 13.3 and 45.8% men) who participated in the third (2006-2008) examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and followed up to 2018-2022. The participants' habitual dietary intakes of NO3 and NO2 were estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of Pre-DM and T2D across quartile categories of NO3 and NO2 intakes.
Results: Mean (SD) daily intake of NO3 and NO2 were 489 (206) mg/d and 9.6 (3.8) mg/d; NO3 intakes mainly were derived from plant sources (95.7%). The highest compared to the lowest quartile of total and plant-based dietary NO3 intakes was accompanied by a significantly decreased risk of Pre-DM (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.85, HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.88). A reduced risk of T2D was observed in medium intakes of NO3 (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-1.00, in the total and plant-based sources, respectively). The lowest compared to the highest quartile of dietary NO2 was accompanied by a reduced incidence of T2D (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.98, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.84 in the total and plant-based sources, respectively).
Conclusion: Higher and medium intakes of NO3 are associated with a reduced incidence of Pre-DM and T2D, respectively.
期刊介绍:
Nutrition & Metabolism publishes studies with a clear focus on nutrition and metabolism with applications ranging from nutrition needs, exercise physiology, clinical and population studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms in these aspects.
The areas of interest for Nutrition & Metabolism encompass studies in molecular nutrition in the context of obesity, diabetes, lipedemias, metabolic syndrome and exercise physiology. Manuscripts related to molecular, cellular and human metabolism, nutrient sensing and nutrient–gene interactions are also in interest, as are submissions that have employed new and innovative strategies like metabolomics/lipidomics or other omic-based biomarkers to predict nutritional status and metabolic diseases.
Key areas we wish to encourage submissions from include:
-how diet and specific nutrients interact with genes, proteins or metabolites to influence metabolic phenotypes and disease outcomes;
-the role of epigenetic factors and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their influence on metabolic responses to diet and food components;
-how diet and other environmental factors affect epigenetics and microbiota; the extent to which genetic and nongenetic factors modify personal metabolic responses to diet and food compositions and the mechanisms involved;
-how specific biologic networks and nutrient sensing mechanisms attribute to metabolic variability.