Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The nutrigenomic-epigenetic axis in cancer: from dietary bioactives to precision oncology.","authors":"Fatemeh Boroomand, Mohammad Amin Karimi, Elaheh Karimzadeh-Soureshjani, Daryoush Kiani-Shamsabadi, Fatemeh Farhang, Helia Mardani, Ali Jafari","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01147-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01147-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer development and progression are increasingly understood to arise from dynamic interactions between genetic alterations and environmentally driven epigenetic regulation, with dietary exposures representing one of the most biologically influential and modifiable factors. Given the expanding evidence linking nutrition to epigenomic remodeling, a comprehensive synthesis of how specific dietary components influence cancer-relevant epigenetic mechanisms is needed to clarify their preventive and therapeutic relevance. This review brings together mechanistic, epidemiologic, and translational findings to delineate the effects of bioactive dietary constituents, including polyphenols, isoflavones, carotenoids, folate, zinc, vitamin D, sulfur-containing phytochemicals, and microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids, on DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and non-coding RNA regulation. Across these domains, consistent patterns emerge: compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, quercetin, genistein, and sulforaphane have been shown in preclinical studies to inhibit DNA methyltransferases, modulate histone acetylation and methylation, reprogram microRNA networks, and promote tumor-suppressive transcriptional states; dietary patterns rich in cruciferous vegetables, green tea, grapes, whole grains, marine-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fermentable fibers correlate with reduced cancer incidence; and pro-inflammatory diets high in red meat, processed foods, and added sugars are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation-associated DNA damage, and epigenetic dysregulation. Emerging evidence also highlights the roles of gut microbial metabolites such as butyrate, caloric restriction, and ketogenic regimens in shaping tumor immunometabolism through epigenetically active intermediates, while germline polymorphisms and tumor-intrinsic epigenetic heterogeneity contribute to inter-individual variability in dietary responsiveness. These insights position nutrition as a mechanistically coherent regulator of the cancer epigenome with implications for prevention, prognosis, and integrative oncology, underscoring the need for biomarker-guided dietary interventions and rigorously designed clinical studies to determine the therapeutic potential of personalized nutritional epigenetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and disparities in glycemic control and severe hyperglycemia in U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus before and during COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Litao Wang, Liuguang Song, Jiaqi Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01156-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01156-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare delivery and individual behaviors in individuals with diabetes. Limited data exist on glycemic control during this period. This study aimed to evaluate trends in glycemic control and severe hyperglycemia among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between pre-pandemic (January 2017-March 2020) and pandemic (August 2021-August 2023) periods. Glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) and severe hyperglycemia (HbA1c > 10%) were assessed overall and by age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2528 adults with diabetes, glycemic control remained unchanged between pre- and during the pandemic (59.7% vs. 56.1%, p = 0.29), but severe hyperglycemia increased significantly (5.6% to 8.5%, p = 0.03). Female participants were more likely to achieve glycemic control (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11-1.75), and those with more than high school education had higher glycemic control (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.67) and lower severe hyperglycemia (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.89). Severe hyperglycemia was least prevalent in adults aged 65 years or older (aOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.15-0.50) but more common among Hispanic/Mexican American (aOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.53-4.50) and Non-Hispanic Black adults (aOR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.62-4.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While glycemic control remained stable, severe hyperglycemia increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among Hispanic/Mexican American and Non-Hispanic Black adults. Higher education and older age were associated with better outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address disparities and prevent hyperglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary nitrate is positively associated with muscle strength in older adults, but not in younger and middle-aged adults: NHANES 2011-2012.","authors":"Débora M Morais, Rafaela Nehme, Maria Eduarda F Mendonça, Flávia M S de Branco, Erick P de Oliveira","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01146-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01146-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have evaluated the association between dietary nitrate (NO₃⁻) intake and muscle strength, and none has examined this relationship using urinary nitrate as a biomarker of nitrate intake.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the association between urinary NO₃⁻ levels (a marker of NO₃⁻ consumption) and muscle strength in younger and middle-aged adults and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2012). A total of 1,301 individuals were included and stratified by age (< 60 years, n = 902; ≥60 years, n = 399). NO₃⁻ levels (ng/mL) in the urine were measured using ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization. Muscle strength was assessed using combined handgrip strength (HGS), calculated as the sum of measurements from both hands. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between urinary NO₃⁻ levels and HGS, adjusting for potential confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive association between urinary NO₃⁻ levels and HGS was observed in older adults (β = 0.00004; 95% CI: 0.00001-0.00007; p = 0.009). When urinary nitrate was normalized to urine osmolality, a positive association with HGS was also observed in older adults (β = 0.017; 95% CI: 0.0004-0.034; p = 0.046). No significant associations were found in the overall sample or among younger and middle-aged adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary NO₃⁻ levels were positively associated with handgrip strength in older adults, but not in younger and middle-aged adults. Given the small magnitude of this association, longitudinal studies are warranted to determine its clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between vitamin D and hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiaopeng Sun, Changgui Kou, Yuan Feng, Xijie He, Xiangrui Song, Qianlu Ding, Qianlong Huang, Qianyi Wang, Yong Shen, Wei Bai","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01157-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01157-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypothyroidism is a prevalent pathological condition resulting from insufficient thyroid hormone production by the thyroid gland. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of various diseases is well-recognized. However, its specific impact on individuals with hypothyroidism remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review follows the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. The review aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D on hypothyroidism by synthesizing available evidence. A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, up to February 2024. Standard mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random effects models, based on heterogeneity assessed by the I² statistic. Sensitivity analyses and assessments of publication bias were also performed. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5 randomized controlled trials and 11 observational studies, encompassing 4,152 subjects, met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (SMD = -1.76 mIU L^- 1, 95% CI [-3.23, -0.29] mIU L^- 1), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (SMD = -113.31 U ml^- 1, 95% CI [-141.42, -85.21] U ml^- 1). Additionally, serum vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with the prevalence of hypothyroidism (OR = 4.06, 95% CI [1.96, 8.39]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that patients with hypothyroidism are more likely to have low serum vitamin D levels compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced TSH and TPO-Ab levels. It is recommended that patients with hypothyroidism have serum vitamin D levels routinely monitored in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13480044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound characteristics vs. outdoor activities impacts on obese adolescents: a cross-sectional cardiopulmonary study.","authors":"Yongqian Han, Qiong-E Wei, Juchuan Dong, Wenyao Cheng, Lihua Jin","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01151-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01151-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity among adolescents is rising, raising concerns about future cardiopulmonary disease. It's unclear if this group has impaired cardiopulmonary function and whether this stems from muscle issues or sedentary behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study compared obese/overweight (n = 29) and non-obese (n = 29) adolescents (age ~ 21 yrs). It assessed cardiopulmonary function, axial rotation, muscle quality / quantity (respiratory, abdominal, gluteal), and outdoor activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-obese females had significantly more weekly outdoor activities. Cardiopulmonary results showed mixed findings: the obese group had higher maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and peak heart rate (HRpeak), while the non-obese group had better resting heart rate (HRrest) and oxygen consumption per kilogram (VO2/kg). The obese group had thicker sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis (RA), and gluteal muscles, but poorer muscle quality (ultrasound grayscale) in the upper trapezius and RA compared to the non-obese group. In obese females, higher VO2/kg correlated with better RA quality, while higher peak VO2 correlated with less outdoor activity time. Muscle imbalance was only seen in non-obese females and was positively associated with activity levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In comparison to non-obese peers, obese/overweight adolescents show inferior cardiopulmonary function and reduced muscle performance. While some muscles are thicker in the obese group, lower grayscale values indicate poor quality/function. Muscle assessment should not rely solely on thickness. Although outdoor activity shows a positive correlation with some cardiopulmonary parameters, muscle metabolic issues related to sedentary behavior likely represent a significant correlate of cardiopulmonary dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-course body size trajectories and the progression of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity: a prospective UK biobank study.","authors":"Jingjing Lang, Zhongyang Guan, Lili Li, Lu Jiang, Guanghui Mao, Guochong Chen, Mario Siervo, Xiaoyan Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01148-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01148-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The influence of life-course body size on the progression of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) is insufficiently understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 398,491 UK Biobank participants. Childhood-to-adulthood body size trajectories were defined using recalled childhood somatotype and adult body mass index (BMI). Multi-state models evaluated transition-specific hazards, state-occupation probabilities, and expected length of stay (ELOS) across body size trajectories. Progression was represented as a comorbidity-count pathway (healthy, first/double/triple CRMM, and death) and a comorbidity-pattern pathway specifying the entry disease and comorbidities among cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Subgroup and interaction analyses evaluated joint effects of trajectory and Life's Essential 4 (LE4). Mediation by the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trajectories culminating in obesity were associated with higher hazards along the comorbidity-count pathway and shorter healthy time (ELOS 13.08 vs. 10.59 years for Average-to-normal vs Thinner-to-obesity). Comorbidity-pattern analyses identified T2D-containing comorbidities (T2D-CKD, T2D-CVD) as hubs toward CRMM. Compared with the Average-to-normal group, hazard ratios (HRs) were highest when the destination included T2D: CVD to T2D-CVD, 3.24 (Plumper-to-obesity), and 3.85 (Thinner-to-obesity); CKD to T2D-CKD, 2.66 (Plumper-to-obesity) and 4.03 (Thinner-to-obesity). Moving from LE4-low to LE4-high attenuated the risks of CRMM associated with progressive or persistent obesity trajectories by 26.8-37.8%. CTI mediated approximately 42-54% of the associations between sustained or progressive obesity trajectories and CRMM comorbidity outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Progressive or persistent obesity trajectories were associated with higher CRMM progression hazards. Early adiposity prevention and sustained lifestyle improvement may slow this progression. Integrating body size trajectory and lifestyle factors with metabolic inflammation indicators may strengthen risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between estimated glucose disposal rate and peripheral artery disease: evidence from the UK Biobank and NHANES.","authors":"Jilang Zeng, Xinjie Zeng, Weihong Lin, Xinjun Lin, Feng Hu, Lin Fan, Cheng Yu, Lianglong Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01149-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01149-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a key pathogenic mechanism of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) serves as a practical surrogate marker of IR. The study aimed to investigate the association between eGDR and incident PAD risk in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 456,743 participants free of PAD at baseline were included from the prospective UK Biobank cohort. In addition, we examined the cross-sectional association between eGDR and prevalent PAD among 7,208 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) as a supplementary analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that participants in the highest eGDR quartile (Q4) experienced the greatest reduction in the risk of developing PAD compared with the reference group [Q4 vs. Q1; fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.72, P < 0.001]. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve and threshold effect analysis also suggested a significant nonlinear inverse relationship between eGDR and PAD risk, with an inflection point at 7.829 (P for overall < 0.001; P for nonlinearity < 0.001). Two-piecewise Cox regression further indicated that below the threshold, an increase in eGDR was associated with a greater reduction in PAD risk (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.84-0.87, P < 0.001). A similar inverse association between eGDR and prevalent PAD was observed in the NHANES analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>eGDR was inversely associated with PAD. Further studies are needed to explore the clinical utility of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Folic acid and melatonin mitigate diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress.","authors":"Hossam Ebaid, Samir A E Bashandy, Ahmad M Abdel-Mageed, Jameel Al-Tamimi, Iftekhar Hassan, Ibrahim M Alhazza","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01150-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01150-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13231600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) leaves extract prevents weight gain and lipotoxicity in mice fed a high-fat diet by increasing metabolic flexibility and oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.","authors":"Claudia Delgadillo-Puga, Lilia G Noriega, Yonatan Y Cariño-Cervantes, Claudia Tovar-Palacio, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, Jorge Barrios-Payan, Iván Torre-Villalvazo, Yesica R Cruz-Martínez, Mario Cuchillo-Hilario, Andrea Torres, Arturo Navarro-Ocaña","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01144-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01144-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Purple sweet potato leaves are a rich source of caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) and related compounds with potential metabolic benefits. Our previous research demonstrated that 5-CQA and 3,4-diCQA increase mitochondrial respiration in primary hepatocytes. To explore the translational relevance of purple sweet potato leaves extract (PSPLE) in the management and treatment of obesity, we evaluated the effect of PSPLE in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet supplemented with either 1% or 3% PSPLE (w/w) and assessed insulin secretion in INS-1E cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PSPLE phenolic compounds were identified by LC-MS. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed (1) a Control, (2) high-fat (HF) diet, (3) HF diet supplemented with 1% and (4) HF diet supplemented with 3% of PSPLE for 15 weeks. Body composition, energy expenditure, glucose and insulin tolerance, serum metabolites, and tissue morphology were evaluated. AMPK activation was analyzed in the liver and skeletal muscle. Complementary, β-cell function was assessed in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LC-MS revealed that PSPLE contained abundant CQA derivatives (5-CQA, caffeic acid, 3,4-di-CQA, 3,5-di-CQA, 4,5-di-CQA, 4 F-5CQA, and 3,4,5-tri-CQA). The HF + 1% PSPLE diet attenuated weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy, increased brown adipose UCP-1 expression, and prevented hepatic steatosis. AMPK phosphorylation was enhanced in the liver and muscle, paralleling higher oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. Although PSPLE stimulated β-cell metabolism and insulin secretion in vitro, in vivo glucose tolerance showed only modest improvement, likely reflecting the multiple regulatory inputs on insulin secretion under physiological conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSPLE enhanced metabolic flexibility and oxidative capacity in HF-fed mice by activating AMPK-dependent pathways in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The higher efficacy of the 1% PSPLE indicates a hormetic response, where low polyphenol exposure triggers adaptive mitochondrial and metabolic activation, on the contrary, higher doses offer no further benefits. These results present PSPLE as a sustainable, polyphenol-rich food ingredient with potential to combat obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The link between dietary inflammation and hyperuricemia: what is the mediating role of insulin resistance and abdominal obesity?","authors":"Weili Liu, Chuyan Feng, Lin Yang, Ke Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01143-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01143-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated the serial mediating roles of insulin re-sistance (IR) and abdominal obesity in the association between the Dietary Inflamma-tory Index (DII) and hyperuricemia (HUA), and whether abdominal obesity moder-ated this pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 8,232 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2016). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index served as a surrogate for IR. We employed serial mediation and moderated me-diation models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher DII was associated with increased HUA risk. This re-lationship was serially mediated through the pathway: DII → TyG index → abdominal obesity → HUA. This indirect pathway accounted for 52.3% of the total effect, with abdominal obesity being the most potent mediator (contribution: 31.0%). Importantly, the mediating effect of the TyG index was significant only in individuals with a normal waist circumference (β = 0.0016, 95% CI: 0.0006, 0.0026) but was attenuated to non-significance in those with abdominal obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that IR and abdominal obesity may serially mediate the link between a pro-inflammatory diet and HUA. The me-diating role of IR appears to be prominent in individuals without abdominal obesity, whereas in those with obesity, obesity itself becomes the dominant factor. However, given the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. These findings support developing stage-specific HUA prevention strategies, targeting insulin sensitivity or weight control based on an individual's obesity status.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}