Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Comparative mathematical modeling reveals the differential effects of high-fat diet and ketogenic diet on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in heart.","authors":"Yu-Yao Tseng","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00840-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00840-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a global health concern associated with increased risk of diseases like cardiovascular conditions including ischemic heart disease, a leading cause of mortality. The ketogenic diet (KD) has potential therapeutic applications in managing obesity and related disorders. However, the intricate effects of KD on diverse physiological conditions remain incompletely understood. The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is critical for heart health, and its dysregulation implicates numerous cardiac diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed comprehensive mathematical models of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway under high-fat diet (HFD) and KD conditions to elucidate their differential impacts and quantify apoptosis. Simulations and sensitivity analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simulations demonstrate that KD can reduce the activation of key molecules like Erk and Trp53 to mitigate apoptosis compared to HFD. Findings align with experimental data, highlighting the potential cardiac benefits of KD. Sensitivity analysis identifies regulators like Trp53 and Bcl2l1 that critically influence apoptosis under HFD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mathematical modeling provides quantitative insights into the contrasting effects of HFD and KD on cardiac PI3K-Akt signaling and apoptosis. Findings have implications for precision nutrition and developing novel therapeutic strategies to address obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11311919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut matters in microgravity: potential link of gut microbiota and its metabolites to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal well-being.","authors":"Zeinab Ibrahim, Naveed A Khan, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Rizwan Qaisar, Hezlin Marzook, Nelson C Soares, Adel B Elmoselhi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00836-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00836-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites play a significant role in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health and diseases. The dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota poses a significant threat to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle well-being. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Furthermore, microgravity presents several challenges to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health compromising muscle strength, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic changes. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the role of gut microbiota metabolites on cardiovascular and skeletal muscle functions and dysfunctions. It also explores the molecular mechanisms that drive microgravity-induced deconditioning in both cardiovascular and skeletal muscle. Key findings in this review highlight that several alterations in gut microbiota and secreted metabolites in microgravity mirror characteristics seen in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases. Those alterations include increased levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, elevated lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS), increased in para-cresol (p-cresol) and secondary metabolites, along with reduction in bile acids and Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria. Highlighting the potential, modulating gut microbiota in microgravity conditions could play a significant role in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases not only during space flight but also in prolonged bed rest scenarios here on Earth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cheese ingestion on muscle mass and strength in possible sarcopenia women: an open-label, parallel-group study.","authors":"Jingsi Chen, Yan Wang, Yifan Yang, Chenxi Su, Mingquan Wang, Yilin Chen, Jing Yang, Xiaofang Chen, Yingyao Wang, Liqiang Qin","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00838-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00838-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrient-rich cheese supplements were demonstrated to have improvements in markers of sarcopenia in healthy elders. However, the potential effects of cheese in individuals with possible sarcopenia remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This 90-day randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 68 women aged 60-80 years with possible sarcopenia in China, who were randomly assigned to three groups: Control group (CG), Original cheese group (OG: 9.0 g protein; 322.8 mg calcium), and Golden cheese group (GG: 12.7 g protein; 802.1 mg calcium). OG and GG were instructed to consume their habitual diet along with 4 slices of supplied cheese, while CG was directed to maintain their usual dietary habits. Face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, and blood sample collection were conducted at baseline, midway (60 days), and the end of the trial.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>At the end of the trial, the primary outcome, changes of Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI) were found to be higher in OG (0.18 ± 0.02 kg/m²) and GG (0.14 ± 0.02 kg/m²) compared to CG (0.09 ± 0.02 kg/m²). The secondary outcome, changes of handgrip strength were higher in GG (1.82 ± 4.16 kg) than CG (-0.61 ± 3.78 kg). There were no significant differences in makers for muscle function between three groups (P > 0.05). In the self-comparison, Creatinine/Cystatin C significantly increased in both OG and GG. In addition, OG had a significant increase in changes of free and total carnitine compared to CG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both golden and original cheese supplementation enhanced muscle strength and mass in older women with possible sarcopenia. The mechanism behind this effect may be linked to muscle cell energy metabolism.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The present study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number ChiCTR2300078720 (retrospectively registered, 20231215).</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of serum arginine acid with sarcopenia in Chinese eldely women.","authors":"Chao Hua, Yuhua Chen, Zhuo Sun, Zehuan Shi, Qi Song, Liping Shen, Wei Lu, Zhengyuan Wang, Jiajie Zang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00839-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00839-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in worldwide with accelerated aging process. The high dietary protein intakes are associated with improved muscle mass and strength especially in Asian countries. However, there are few researches on amino acid levels or mechanism exploration. We conducted a case-control study to explore the amino acid metabolic characteristics and potential mechanism of elderly women with sarcopenia using targeted amino acid metabolomics approach combined with an analysis of dietary intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For our case-control study, we recruited women (65-75 y) from a Shanghai community with 50 patients with sarcopenia and 50 healthy controls. The consensus updated by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in 2019 was used to screening for sarcopenia and control groups. We collected fasting blood samples and evaluated dietary intake. We used the amino acid-targeted metabolomics by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to identify metabolic differentials between the case and control groups and significantly enriched metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The case (sarcopenia) group had a lower intake of energy, protein, and high-quality protein (P < 0.05) compared to the control (healthy) group. We identified four differential amino acids: arginine (P < 0.001) and cystine (P = 0.003) were lower, and taurine (P = 0.001) were higher in the case group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low levels of arginine in elderly women are associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and bone mineral density in Chinese adults with normal thyroid function.","authors":"Jia Chen, Lidong Hu, Ning Li, Wei Deng, Xiaojie Xu, Ling Wang, Kaiping Zhao, Shuai Lu, Xuejiao Liu, Xiaoguang Cheng, Xieyuan Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00841-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00841-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the association of serum TSH with BMD in Chinese adults with normal thyroid function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>These participants were divided into tertiles based on serum TSH levels. Linear regression model and multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of continuous BMD and categorical BMD with serum TSH, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In women younger than 60 years, BMD decreased with the increase of TSH at normal level, while in women older than 60 years, BMD increased with the increase of TSH at normal level; besides, the BMD of women younger than 60 years old was significantly higher than that of women over 60 years old (156.05 ± 39.34 mg/cm³ vs. 86.95 ± 29.51 mg/cm³, P < 0.001). Linear regression results showed negative associations of BMD and normal TSH level in women with age younger than 60 years (β=-4.34, P < 0.001), but this inverse trend was observed in women over 60 years old (β = 2.04, P = 0.041). Both in men younger than 60 years and over 60 years old, BMD decreased with the increase of TSH at normal levels; besides, the BMD of men younger than 60 years was significantly higher than those over 60 years old (143.08 ± 32.76 mg/cm³ vs. 108.13 ± 31.99 mg/cm³, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results demonstrated an opposite trend in BMD at normal TSH levels in younger and elder females, that is, in females younger than 60 years, BMD decreased with the increase of TSH, which indicated that TSH might play a different role in younger and elder females. However, this trend was not significant in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the oxidative balance score and estimated pulse wave velocity from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018).","authors":"Yumeng Shi, Wei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00835-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00835-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No research report has been conducted to investigate the impact of oxidation balance score (OBS) on the estimated pulse wave velocity(ePWV).We aimed to examine the association between OBS and ePWV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We evaluated data for 13,073 patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The exposure variable was OBS. The outcome variables was combination of ePWV and arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a significant negative correlation between OBS (Per 1SD increase) and ePWV in the gradually adjusted models. Based on the aforementioned results, a two-piecewise logistic regression adjusted model was subsequently employed to establish the association between OBS and elevated ePWV, and the inflection point was determined as 5. The increased risk of elevated ePWV (OR:0.70; 95%CI:0.51-0.94) gradually decreases with the increase of OBS on the left side of the inflection point; however, when OBS exceeds 5, this decrease in risk of elevated ePWV(OR:1.00; 95%CI:0.96-1.04) is no longer observed (P for log likelihood ratio test = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There exists a significant association between OBS and ePWV in the context of American adults. Specifically, OBS exhibits a negative correlation with ePWV; however, when considering an elevated ePWV, a saturation effect is observed in relation to OBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sestrin2 knockout exacerbates high-fat diet induced metabolic disorders and complications in female mice.","authors":"Le Zhang, Chengxia Kan, Junfeng Shi, Hongyan Qiu, Jingwen Zhang, Wenli Ding, Linfei Xu, Kexin Zhang, Zhentao Guo, Ningning Hou, Xiaodong Sun, Fang Han","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00834-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00834-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and its associated complications raise significant public concern, revealing gender disparities in the susceptibility to metabolic disorders, with females often displaying greater resistance to obesity-related metabolic disorder than males. Sestrin2 is a crucial protein involved in metabolism and energy balance. This study seeks to explore whether Sesn2 knockout (KO) exacerbates high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in female mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female mice with wild-type (WT) and Sesn2 KO were subjected to a 12-week regimen of normal diet or HFD. Using a Body Composition Analyzer, body composition was gauged. Biochemical assays encompassed glucose, lipid, and liver function measurements, alongside 24-hour urine albumin excretion. Echocardiographic evaluation assessed cardiac function. Histopathological analysis of key metabolic tissues (liver, kidney, and heart tissues) were conducted. Western blotting or qRT-PCR evaluated key proteins and genes linked to inflammation, mitochondrial, and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison to mice fed a regular diet, those on a HFD exhibited significant increases in body weight and fat mass. Notably, Sesn2 KO further aggravated obesity, showcasing the most pronounced metabolic anomalies: elevated body weight, fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity, alongside heightened levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. Additionally, KO-HFD mice displayed exacerbated multi-tissue impairments, including elevated hepatic enzymes, increased urinary albumin excretion, compromised cardiac function, and accumulation of lipids in the liver, kidney, and heart. Moreover, adipose tissue showcased altered lipid dynamics and function, characterized by enhanced triglyceride breakdown and modified adipokine levels. Browning was diminished, along with decreased Pgc1α and Sirt1 in KO-HFD mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sesn2 KO exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in female mice. These findings underscore Sestrin2's novel role as a regulator of obesity in female mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of probiotic supplementation and exercise training on liver enzymes and cardiometabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.","authors":"Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Maryam Miraghajani, Khatereh Mokhtari, Bahareh Karimi, Sara K Rosenkranz, Heitor O Santos","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00826-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00826-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver ailment worldwide, in which nonpharmacological strategies have a considerable role in the treatment. Probiotic supplementation as well as physical exercise can improve cardiometabolic parameters, but further research is needed to determine the effects of combined treatment versus exercise alone in managing NAFLD-associated biomarkers, primarily liver enzymes, lipid markers, and insulin resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation, combined with exercise versus exercise alone, on liver enzymes and cardiometabolic markers in patients with NAFLD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to April 2024. The search was restricted to articles published in the English language and human studies. Random effects models were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Pooled estimates (9 studies, 615 patients, intervention durations ranging from 8 to 48 weeks) revealed that probiotics plus exercise decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) [WMD=-5.64 U/L, p = 0.02], gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) [WMD=-7.09 U/L, p = 0.004], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [WMD=-8.98 mg/dL, p = 0.03], total cholesterol (TC) [WMD=-16.97 mg/dL, p = 0.01], and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [WMD=-0.94, p = 0.005] significantly more than exercise only. However, probiotics plus exercise did not significantly change high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [WMD = 0.07 mg/dL, p = 0.9], fasting insulin [WMD=-1.47 µIU/mL, p = 0.4] or fasting blood glucose (FBG) [WMD=-1.57 mg/dL, p = 0.3] compared with exercise only. While not statistically significant, there were clinically relevant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [WMD=-6.78 U/L, p = 0.1], triglycerides (TG) [WMD=-21.84 mg/dL, p = 0.1], and body weight (BW) [WMD=-1.45 kg, p = 0.5] for probiotics plus exercise compared with exercise only. The included studies exhibited significant heterogeneity for AST (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 78.99%, p = 0.001), GGT (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 73.87%, p = 0.004), LDL (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 62.78%, p = 0.02), TC (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 72.41%, p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 93.86%, p = 0.001), HDL (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.00%, p = 0.9), FBG (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 66.30%, p = 0.01), ALT (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 88.08%, p = 0.001), and TG (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 85.46%, p = 0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity among the included studies for BW (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.00%, p = 0.9).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Probiotic supplementation combined with exercise training elicited better results compared to exercise alone on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systematic review registrati","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit and vegetable intake modifies the association between ultra-processed food and metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi, Hanieh Malmir, Parvin Mirmiran, Maryam Shabani, Mitra Hasheminia, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00831-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00831-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as to assess whether fruit and vegetable intake and weight change modify this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 1915 healthy participants who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), all of whom had complete demographic, anthropometric, and dietary measurements. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess UPF consumption based on the NOVA classification system. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for MetS events across tertiles of UPF. The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption and weight change on this association was assessed using joint classification by Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UFP consumption showed no association with MetS risk after adjusting for confounders. However, after adjustment for dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables, the highest tertile of UPF consumption was positively linked to MetS risk, compared to the lowest tertile. There was a significant interaction between fruit, vegetable, and dietary fiber intake and UPF consumption concerning the risk of MetS (All P values < 0.05). Among individuals consuming less than 248 g/day of fruit, the risk of MetS increased by 54% (confidence interval: 1.13-2.10) in the highest UPF tertile. Consuming vegetables and dietary fiber below the median (258 g/day and 42.2 g/day, respectively) increased the risk of MetS in the third tertile of UPF. However, consuming vegetables and fiber ≥ median intake, reduced the risk of MetS among those with the lowest UPF consumption. Furthermore, the risk of MetS was observed in the third tertile of UPF consumption among individuals with fruit and vegetable consumption < 537 g/day. UPF consumption was not associated with the risk of MetS in different weight change statuses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consuming more fruits and vegetables mitigated the adverse effect of UPF on the risk of developing MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by attenuating cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.","authors":"Ran Zhao, Jianqiang Hu, He Wen, Jieqiong Zhao, Ying Wang, Xiaona Niu, Mingming Zhang, Tingting Wang, Yan Li","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00797-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00797-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is closely linked to abnormal glycosylation modifications. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), which catalyzes the production of N-linked -1-6 branching of oligosaccharides, is involved in several pathophysiological mechanisms of many disorders, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the mechanism by which GnT-V regulates cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic cardiomyopathy is currently poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of GnT-V on myocardial hypertrophy in diabetic cardiomyopathy and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying negative control small hairpin RNA (shNC) or GnT-V-specifc small hairpin RNA (shGnT-V) was used to manipulate GnT-V expression. In our study, forty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice per group): control mice with AAV-shNC, diabetic cardiomyopathy mice with AAV-shNC, control mice with AAV-shGnT-V, and diabetic cardiomyopathy mice with AAV-shGnT-V. In addition, H9C2 cells and primary neonatal cardiac fibroblasts treated with high glucose were used as a cell model of diabetes. Analysis of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as functional studies, were used to investigate the underlying molecular pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AAV-mediated GnT-V silencing dramatically improved cardiac function and alleviated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in diabetic mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that GnT-V was elevated in cardiomyocytes and induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to high glucose stimulation. GnT-V knockdown significantly reduced the expression of the integrinβ1 signaling pathway, as evidenced by decreased downstream ERK1/2 activity, which inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy accompanied by reduced ANP, BNP, and β-MHC expression. Furthermore, knocking down GnT-V expression lowered the TGF-β1-Smads signaling pathway, which reduced the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our research indicated that GnT-V may be a useful therapeutic target to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy, primarily in the inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}