Alessandro Leone, Francesca Menichetti, Franca Criscuoli, Giovanni Fiorillo, Stefano Ravasenghi, Maria Cristina Casiraghi, Simona Bertoli
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue and the third leading cause of death globally. In the conservative phase of CKD, a low-protein diet is recommended to slow disease progression, and protein-free products are commonly used in clinical nutrition for CKD. Since diabetes is highly prevalent in this population, it is crucial that such foods also have a low glycemic index (GI) to support glycemic control and reduce associated complications. This study aimed to assess the GI of selected commercial protein-free products.
Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers (six males, six females; mean age 20.7 ± 0.8 years; BMI 22.6 ± 3.6 kg/m²) consumed four commonly available protein-free foods: sliced white bread, pasta, crackers, and cookies filled with vanilla cream (with sweeteners). The GI of each product was calculated according to ISO 2010 standards, using glucose as a reference. Each test meal provided 50 g of available carbohydrates.
Results: GI values ranged from 48 for cookies filled with vanilla cream to 69 for crackers. Sliced white bread (GI 49.4) and cookies (GI 47.8) were classified as low-GI foods, while pasta (GI 68.2) and crackers (GI 69.2) fell within the medium-GI range.
Conclusion: Several commercially available protein-free products exhibit low to moderate GI values, supporting their use in dietary management of patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD and or at risk of diabetes. However, given the growing market of such products, further studies-including those on patients with CKD-are needed to expand the current evidence base.
期刊介绍:
Nutrition & Metabolism publishes studies with a clear focus on nutrition and metabolism with applications ranging from nutrition needs, exercise physiology, clinical and population studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms in these aspects.
The areas of interest for Nutrition & Metabolism encompass studies in molecular nutrition in the context of obesity, diabetes, lipedemias, metabolic syndrome and exercise physiology. Manuscripts related to molecular, cellular and human metabolism, nutrient sensing and nutrient–gene interactions are also in interest, as are submissions that have employed new and innovative strategies like metabolomics/lipidomics or other omic-based biomarkers to predict nutritional status and metabolic diseases.
Key areas we wish to encourage submissions from include:
-how diet and specific nutrients interact with genes, proteins or metabolites to influence metabolic phenotypes and disease outcomes;
-the role of epigenetic factors and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their influence on metabolic responses to diet and food components;
-how diet and other environmental factors affect epigenetics and microbiota; the extent to which genetic and nongenetic factors modify personal metabolic responses to diet and food compositions and the mechanisms involved;
-how specific biologic networks and nutrient sensing mechanisms attribute to metabolic variability.