Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Dietary index for gut microbiota and risk of hypertension: the mediating role of HOMA-IR in a five-year prospective cohort study in Iranian adults.","authors":"Ali Nikparast, Mohsen Maleki, Nazanin Zamanian, Leila Sheikhi, Elahe Etesami, Gholamali Javdan, Reza Homayounfar, Jalaledin Mirzay Razaz","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01121-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01121-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet-microbiota interactions may influence blood pressure via metabolic pathways, but prospective evidence on microbiota-supportive dietary patterns and incident hypertension, particularly in Middle Eastern populations, is limited. We examined the association between a Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and incident hypertension, and assessed whether insulin resistance, measured by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), mediates this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort included 5,185 Iranian adults free of hypertension at baseline. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated 125-item food-frequency questionnaire, and a 12-component DI-GM was computed. Incident hypertension over five years was defined according to JNC-7 criteria. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension across DI-GM quartiles and per one-unit increment. Mediation by HOMA-IR was evaluated using bootstrapped mediation analysis with 10,000 resamples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 2,150 participants experienced incident hypertension (41.5%). In fully adjusted models, participants in the highest DI-GM quartile had 21% lower odds of hypertension than those in the lowest quartile (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.95), and each one-unit higher DI-GM was associated with 4% lower odds (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99). Results were robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. Approximately 34.5% of the association between DI-GM and hypertension was mediated by HOMA-IR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A microbiota-supportive dietary pattern is prospectively associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension, and about one-third of this relationship appears to operate through reduced insulin resistance. These findings support the promotion of gut-friendly dietary patterns in strategies for hypertension prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B vitamins and cardiovascular health: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and precision prevention strategies.","authors":"Ameer Awashra, Mohammed AbuBaha, Kareem Istetieh, Dana Sandouka, Samia Aldwaik, Bara AbuBaha, Sarah Saife, Ahmed Emara, Anwar Zahran, Mohamed S Elgendy, Abdalhakim Shubietah, Muath A Baniowda","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01125-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01125-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases is the most common cause of mortality in the world. B vitamins (B₁-B₁₂) control how mitochondria make energy, how nitric oxide is made, how one-carbon is used, and how genes work. A deficiency leads to hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are important to vascular disease. Observational studies consistently associate low B-vitamin levels with an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, randomized supplementation trials have demonstrated only modest reductions in significant events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review summarizes molecular, epidemiological, and clinical evidence on the role of B vitamins in cardiovascular health. Special focus was paid to functional biomarkers and gene-nutrient interactions that affect how well a therapy works. The literature was identified through targeted searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Priority was given to high-quality evidence, including mechanistic studies, observational cohorts, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and major review articles relevant to cardiovascular outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional indicators, such as methylmalonic acid and holotranscobalamin, offer superior accuracy compared to blood levels in assessing vitamin status. Nutrigenetic interactions, particularly the effects of folate and riboflavin on methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms, exhibit blood pressure-lowering and stroke-preventive advantages. The clinical efficacy of B-vitamin supplementation is highly dependent on baseline nutritional status and regional food fortification policies. For example, folic acid supplementation significantly reduces stroke incidence in populations who lack mandatory folate fortification, whereas trials conducted in folate-sufficient cohorts generally demonstrated no added cardiovascular benefit. Recognizing this population-specific variability helps explain the historical discrepancy between the strong mechanistic potential of B-vitamins and the mixed results observed in large-scale clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While adequate B-vitamin status remains mechanistically essential for cardiovascular homeostasis, the clinical benefits of routine supplementation are nuanced and highly population-dependent. Consequently, ubiquitous supplementation is unlikely to produce extensive advantages. A precision strategy that combines biomarkers, genotype stratification, and population context can help find their therapeutic potential. Future methods should integrate diet with precision cardiology to enhance vascular prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between low phase angle and impaired healing of diabetic foot ulcer: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhimin Yuan, Guojuan Lao, Jiande Liu, Ying Jian, Jianmin Ran, Chaogang Chen, Ping Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01126-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01126-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Phase angle (PhA), an objective parameter derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis that reflects cellular mass and membrane integrity, has been recognized as a significant biomarker for evaluating malnutrition and systemic inflammation. The present study was designed to explore the independent prognostic significance of systemic PhA for healing in individuals with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study encompassed 182 hospitalized patients with DFU (mean age: 66.5 years) between October 2019 and June 2021. The relationship between PhA and ulcer healing was examined through multivariate modified Poisson regression analysis. Restricted cubic splines and subgroup analyses were employed to investigate potential non-linear associations and effect modifiers. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, 93 participants (51.1%) exhibited persistent ulceration. Relative to the healed group, the unhealed cohort demonstrated markedly lower PhA values (P < 0.001) and elevated hydration indices (P < 0.001). Following adjustment for all potential confounders, both PhA (relative risk [RR] = 0.80, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.64–0.99) and hydration parameters (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04–1.71) were independently associated with impaired DFU healing. A PhA threshold of 3.8° yielded optimal diagnostic efficacy for predicting non-healing, with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 65.2%, surpassing conventional nutritional indicators such as hemoglobin and albumin. Participants with PhA ≤ 3.8° experienced a 37% higher risk of non-healing ulcers compared to those with PhA > 3.8° (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.88), with the association being particularly prominent among female patients (RR = 5.40, 95% CI: 1.78–16.65) and individuals exhibiting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m² (RR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.25–3.23). CONCLUSIONS: PhA, as quantified by bioelectrical impedance analysis, represents a promising candidate biomarker for exploratory prognostic evaluation in DFU patients, exhibiting enhanced predictive capacity particularly in females and those with preserved or mildly compromised renal function. These exploratory findings suggest that PhA monitoring may have the potential to identify individuals at elevated risk for poor ulcer healing, with clinical implementation pending external prospective validation. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-specific associations of diet quality and dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome: evidence from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI.","authors":"Haeng Jeon Hur, Hye Jeong Yang, Min Jung Kim, Hyun-Jun Jang, Byung-Kook Lee, Myung-Sunny Kim, Sunmin Park","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01116-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01116-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing in Korea, yet optimal dietary intervention strategies remain unclear. This study compared the effectiveness of an overall diet quality assessment with culture-specific dietary patterns in preventing MetS among Korean adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from 12,317 Korean adults (20–64 years) from KNHANES-VI (2013–2017), after excluding pregnant women and participants with incomplete demographic, health, or nutrition survey data. Diet quality was assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Three dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis: Korean-style diet (KSD), Western-style diet (WSD), and high-rice diet (HRD). Multivariable logistic regression models estimated MetS associations with dietary factors after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables, with gender-stratified analyses. RESULTS: Gender-specific differences emerged in the associations of dietary quality with MetS risk. Women in the highest KHEI tertile had 29% lower ORs of MetS risk compared to the lowest tertile (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94), while no significant association was observed in men. In contrast, dietary patterns showed similar associations with MetS in both genders: WSD and HRD were positively associated with MetS (OR range: 1.17–1.65), and these associations attenuated after lifestyle adjustment. KSD demonstrated favorable nutrient profiles, but no significant association with MetS in either gender. CONCLUSIONS: Diet quality indices predicted MetS risk in women but not men, while dietary patterns were associated with metabolic disorders in both genders. These findings suggest that pattern-based dietary approaches may offer practical advantages for population-level MetS prevention strategies, with potential benefits for gender-specific intervention design. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to confirm these cross-sectional observations. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general US adult population.","authors":"Chuxian Guo, Xiaomei Hu, Shaojie Han, Huimin Zhu, Panpan Li, Zenghui Zhang, Jun Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01085-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01085-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic health (CMH) holds potential prognostic value for long-term outcomes, highlighting the need for simple and cost effective tools that utilize modifiable variables to identify individuals at risk of mortality. This study aims to investigate the association between a CMH score derived from the Look AHEAD trial and mortality risk in the US population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2005 to 2018, with mortality data linked through December 2019. The CMH score was calculated based on waist circumference, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, serum glycated hemoglobin, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Individuals were categorized into low (0-3), intermediate (4-5), and high (6-8) CMH groups. Multivariable Cox regression was used to explore the association between CMH score and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 31,884 US adults (mean age 47.2 years; 48.8% male). Over a mean follow-up of 7.56 years, there were 2,997 mortality events, including 906 CVD deaths, 732 cancer deaths, and 1,359 deaths from other causes. A higher CMH score was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for all-cause mortality events were 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88-2.52) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.20-1.53) in the low and intermediate CMH groups, respectively, compared to the high CMH group. Similar inverse associations were observed for mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other causes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CMH score, utilizing simple and modifiable parameters, predicts the future risk of mortality in the US population. This simple and modifiable CMH scoring system offers a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic status and may serve as a practical tool for risk stratification in both clinical and public health settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food intakes based on degree of processing and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).","authors":"Nazanin Moslehi, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01106-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01106-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Current evidence on the association between food processing and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is limited to the intake of ultra-processed food (UPF). We investigated the associations between different degrees of food processing and MASLD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,376 adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the third examination of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and classified according to the NOVA definitions into unprocessed or minimally processed food (MPF), processed culinary ingredients (PCI), processed food (PF), and UPF. MASLD was defined as the fatty liver index combined with cardiometabolic criteria. Using logistic regression, we determined the odds of MASLD across age- and sex-specific tertiles of each food group. Substitution analyses were also conducted to estimate the odds of MASLD associated with the iso-caloric replacement of 10% of energy from one NOVA food group with 10% of energy from another food group. PF and UPF subgroup analyses were also performed. RESULTS: About one-third (29.8%) of the participants had MASLD. After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and eGFR variables, the highest tertile of MPF + PCI was associated with lower odds of MASLD ( (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61, 0.97), while the highest UPF tertile was associated with higher odds, compared to the lowst tertile (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.57). These associations were attenuated after inclusion of total energy intake and healthy-eating index score (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.61, 1.00 for MPF + PCI and OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.97, 1.54 for UPF). Among the UPF subgroups, ready-to-eat foods, salty snacks, and soft drinks were associated with higher odds of MASLD, while sweets were associated with lower odds. No significant association was found between PF or its subtypes and MASLD. However, replacing MPF + PCI with PF was associated with a higher odds of MASLD (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.25). CONCLUSIONS: High consumption of MPF + PCI was associated with lower odds of MASLD, whereas high consumption of certain UPFs was associated with higher odds. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13231550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of weight recurrence after bariatric surgery.","authors":"Rajiv Kumar Yadav, Ye Zhang, You Lv, Songyang Liu, Jiaxing Yang, Yao Wang, Xiaokun Gang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01115-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01115-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a major health concern in today’s growing population, significantly raising the risk of disease and death. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity and its related conditions. However, weight recurrence remains a common issue post-surgery. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of Weight recurrence after Bariatric surgery, other than anatomic surgery failure. Weight recurrence may result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, psychological and behavioral influences, neuroendocrine changes, alterations in the gut microbiome, bile acid signaling, and post-surgery hypoglycemia. Prevention and management strategies include lifestyle modifications, mental health support, pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, revision surgery. This study explores the controversial hormonal changes involved in weight recurrence, as well as the roles of gut microbiota, bile acid signaling, and genetic factors. Additionally, the study highlights several preventable factors that are crucial for maintaining long-term weight loss and minimizing weight recurrence after bariatric surgery. By gaining insight into these hormonal changes and other contributing factors, we can implement effective preventive measures and medical treatments to enhance long-term weight loss success and improve patients’ quality of life. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully understand the contributions of bile acid signaling and gut microbiota in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13231773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beetroot juice and vitamin C co-supplementation enhances anaerobic performance and reduces post-exercise glycemia in wrestlers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Maedeh Nojoumi, Ali Jafari, Alireza Hosseini Kakhki, Ali Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Hossein Rafiei, Chad Kerksick, Oluwatoyosi Owoeye, Reza Rezvani","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01103-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01103-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Wrestling, characterized by high-intensity intermittent efforts, demands exceptional anaerobic power and recovery capacity. Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ), supplemented with vitamin C, has emerged as a potential ergogenic aid through increased nitric oxide bioavailability. However, limited data exists regarding its acute effects on anaerobic performance in combat sport athletes. This study investigated the acute effects of BRJ supplemented with vitamin C on upper- and lower-body anaerobic test performance and selected biochemical markers in collegiate wrestlers. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 28 collegiate male wrestlers (18–24 years) consumed a single 250-ml BRJ drink (8.4 mmol nitrate + 90 mg vitamin C) or an isocaloric nitrate-free placebo three hours prior to testing, with a 14-day washout between conditions. Participants performed sequential 30-second upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnTs) separated by 90 s. Venous blood was collected pre-test, immediately post-test, and 24 h post-test and was analyzed for blood glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). RESULTS: 24 completed the study. BRJ+vitamin C significantly increased upper-body WAnT peak power (419 ± 98 W vs. 403 ± 103 W, P < 0.001) and lower-body WAnT mean power (390 ± 89 W vs. 376 ± 89 W, P = 0.002) compared with placebo. Post-exercise blood glucose was significantly lower in the BRJ + vitamin C group (96.3 ± 19.2 mg/dl vs. 112.5 ± 20.4 mg/dl, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed for CK (P = 0.59) or LDH (P = 0.27) at any measured time point. CONCLUSION: Acute BRJ + vitamin C supplementation improved anaerobic capacity and lowered post-exercise blood glucose in collegiate wrestlers, offering a potential ergogenic strategy for combat sports. Further studies with larger, diverse populations and chronic supplementation are needed to confirm and extend these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION AND DATE: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20240407061440N1); registration date: June 7, 2024. </p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative correlation between microRNA and insulin sensitivity gene expression in adipose tissue: potential implications for diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Jakub Podraza, Michał Wąsowski, Marta Izabela Jonas, Wojciech Lisik, Maurycy Jonas, Artur Binda, Paweł Jaworski, Wiesław Tarnowski, Bartłomiej Noszczyk, Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, Alina Kuryłowicz","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01113-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01113-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction leads to a chronic inflammatory state affecting distant organs and tissues. This metabolic inflammation has a detrimental impact on the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, leading to systemic insulin resistance, which also affects the central nervous system and contributes to cognitive decline. Adipose tissue-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of genes critical for both insulin action and neuronal metabolism (APP, SOCS3, PTPN1, PTPN2) is altered in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity due to miRNA interference, predisposing them directly to the development of insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation, while indirectly leading to a decline in cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of mRNAs of the above-mentioned genes, selected adipokines (interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 15, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, resistin, adiponectin) and miRNAs was measured by real-time PCR in adipose tissue of 75 patients with obesity, 19 patients who successfully reduced body mass after metabolic surgery and 25 normal weight subjects, stratified by insulin sensitivity and diabetic status. The results were correlated with patients' clinical and biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>mRNA levels of genes promoting insulin sensitivity, APP and PTPN2, were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in adipose tissue from patients with obesity, in both visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) depots. After stratification by the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio (an indirect marker of insulin sensitivity), we found that individuals diagnosed with insulin resistance had lower VAT and SAT APP and PTPN2 mRNA levels, whereas APP expression was significantly decreased in VAT from patients with both obesity and type 2 diabetes compared to normoglycemic individuals with obesity, too. We also observed significant positive correlations between the mRNA levels of these genes and the expression of the above-mentioned adipokines. Finally, we analysed the levels of miRNAs targeting the mRNAs of the genes studied and observed significant negative correlations between APP mRNA levels and hsa-miR-579-5p and hsa-miR-142-3p, and between PTPN2 mRNA levels and hsa-miR-142-3p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adipose tissues of patients with obesity are characterised by altered expression of genes that are key for both insulin action and neuronal metabolism, and miRNAs may be involved in this phenomenon. However, due to the descriptive nature of our experiments, these results require verification in functional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of \"exercise snacks\" during prolonged sitting on hemodynamics and peripheral vascular function: a three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Hai Wang, Yuanbo Chang, Hao Wang, Kaiyue Diao, Shiqi Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12986-026-01120-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-026-01120-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Prolonged sitting acutely impairs flow-mediated dilation (FMD) by reducing peripheral blood flow and vascular shear stress. Interspersing prolonged sitting with short bouts of physical activity (i.e., “exercise snacks” or sedentary breaks) has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate these adverse effects. However, previous meta-analyses have been limited by small sample sizes and by inadequate handling of the statistical dependency arising from multiple effect sizes within studies, thereby limiting the robustness of their conclusions. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD420261282295). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library (up to September 30, 2025) for randomized crossover or parallel controlled trials involving adults aged ≥ 18 years. Eligible studies compared the effects of sedentary breaks with prolonged sitting on acute hemodynamic and peripheral vascular outcomes. Data were pooled using a three-level random-effects model in R (metafor package) to account for statistical dependency, and the results were compared with those from traditional two-level models. We also reported 95% prediction intervals and conducted outlier diagnostics, leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regressions, and publication bias assessments. RESULTS: A total of 36 studies comprising 632 participants were included. Compared with prolonged sitting, sedentary breaks significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (Hedges’ g = 0.44 [95% CI, 0.06–0.81]; P = 0.02; GRADE: Moderate), increased peripheral blood flow (g = 0.46 [0.22–0.71]; P &lt; 0.001; GRADE: Moderate), and reduced systolic blood pressure (MD = − 1.67 mm Hg [95% CI, − 2.81 to − 0.52]; P &lt; 0.001; GRADE: Moderate). Shear rate increased in the primary analysis (g = 0.32 [0.09–0.54]; P = 0.008; GRADE: Very Low) but became non-significant after trim-and-fill ([Formula: see text]) adjustment, suggesting potential small-study effects. Moderator and meta-regression analyses indicated that shear rate improvements were influenced by the type of break (stair climbing yielded the largest effect) and were positively correlated with break duration. Improvements in peripheral blood flow were associated with the total duration of sitting. Among the additional hemodynamic and vascular outcomes, heart rate increased slightly (GRADE: Very Low), whereas mean arterial pressure (GRADE: Moderate), diastolic blood pressure (GRADE: Moderate), and peripheral arterial diameter (GRADE: Moderate) showed no significant consistent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Breaking up prolonged sitting with short bouts of physical activity (“exercise snacks”) acutely improves flow-mediated dilation and peripheral blood flow, and is associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. Mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and peripheral arterial diameter did not show c","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}