G. Yahalom, S. Ho, Alice Wang, U. Ko, A. Chandrakasan
{"title":"Analog-digital partitioning and coupling in 3D-IC for RF applications","authors":"G. Yahalom, S. Ho, Alice Wang, U. Ko, A. Chandrakasan","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a part of a cellular transmitter chain implemented in a 28 nm CMOS 3D integrated circuit vertical stack. The design examines various partitioning topolgies between the analog and digital blocks. By using extensive reconfigurability we are able to create a basis for comparison between the partitions as well as between other partitioning solutions as multiple chip, single chip and 2.5D interposer. The design separates the functionality across the die tiers, and utilizes a solenoid inductor for the VCO to obtain higher immunity to coupling. The work demonstrates a significant reduction in the digital link power down to 0.37 pJ/bit and significant attenuation of spurs at the VCO output located above the digital block.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125682043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Motoyoshi, K. Yanagimura, T. Fushimi, Junichi Takanohashi, M. Murugesan, M. Aoyagi, M. Koyanagi
{"title":"3 Dimensional stacked pixel detector and sensor technology using less than 3-μmφ robust bump junctions","authors":"M. Motoyoshi, K. Yanagimura, T. Fushimi, Junichi Takanohashi, M. Murugesan, M. Aoyagi, M. Koyanagi","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental results for a prototype pixel detector with 3.0-μmφ gold cone bumps fabricated by NpD (nanoparticle deposition) and Stacked CdTe/Si X-ray sensor TEG with gold cylindrical bumps fabricated by a low-incident-angle deposition method. The both bump resistances are less than 0.5ohm.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133956366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Berhault, M. Brocard, S. Thuries, François Galea, Lilia Zaourar
{"title":"3DIP: An iterative partitioning tool for monolithic 3D IC","authors":"G. Berhault, M. Brocard, S. Thuries, François Galea, Lilia Zaourar","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970013","url":null,"abstract":"CoolCubeTM is a monolithic 3D (M3D) technology offering a vertical density of integration 20 times higher than face to face copper hybrid bonding (F2F Cu-Cu), thanks to ultra-thin Monolithic Inter-tier Vias (MIVs). In this work, we propose a new partitioning tool exploiting this characteristic for 2-tier Cell-on-Cell ICs before placement. It is based on a fast and iterative algorithm that explores the space of solutions and minimizes the estimated cost of wires with balanced area between tiers without limiting the number of MIVs. A mathematical formulation of the 3D partitioning problem and a comprehensive framework, based on simulated annealing (SA) algorithm coupled with a dedicated cost function, are detailed and compared with Min-Cut (MC) partitions commonly used. It appears that our solution can decrease the estimated total cost of wires by 41% and 45% for the LDPC and FFT/AES units. It also reduces the total cost of wires by 30% to 44% compared to the MC algorithm for the same units and with no significant increase in runtime.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127868068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Khurram, A. Panigrahi, Satish Bonam, Om Krishan Singh, S. Singh
{"title":"Novel inter layer dielectric and thermal TSV material for enhanced heat mitigation in 3-D IC","authors":"K. Khurram, A. Panigrahi, Satish Bonam, Om Krishan Singh, S. Singh","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970005","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, heat transfer in 3D IC system is investigated using practical and novel materials for Inter Layer Dielectric (ILD) and Thermal Through Silicon Vias (TTSV). The currently used SiO2 ILD is amiss for heat mitigation due to its poor thermal conductivity. The unique thermal and electrical properties of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) are explored in this work for improved heat mitigation.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115575788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Watanabe, H. Shimamoto, K. Kikuchi, M. Aoyagi, H. Kikuchi, A. Yanagisawa, Akio Nakamura
{"title":"Wet cleaning process for high-yield via-last TSV formation","authors":"N. Watanabe, H. Shimamoto, K. Kikuchi, M. Aoyagi, H. Kikuchi, A. Yanagisawa, Akio Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970026","url":null,"abstract":"The backside via-last through silicon via (TSV) process is a simple and cost-effective approach for three-dimensional integration. However, it has two problems: (1) the notching near the bottom corners of TSVs and (2) the reaction product generated by the etchback step. To overcome these problems and increase TSV yield, we previously proposed a via-last TSV process using notchless Si etching and wet cleaning of the first metal layer. In this process, the notching was suppressed by optimizing the deep Si etching conditions. In addition, wet cleaning of the first metal layer was performed with a novel cleaning solution to remove reaction products on the first metal layer (which was generated by the etchback step) and create good electrical contact between the TSVs and the first metal layer. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of a novel solution used in the wet cleaning process. The wettability between the novel solution and the TSV liner oxide was very good. The cleaning performance of the novel solution was high while the etching rate of the first metal was very small.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114870716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations of TSV effects on next-generation super-high-speed transmission and power integrity design for 300A-class 2.5D and 3D package integration","authors":"Makoto Suwada, Kazuhiro Kanai","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7969995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7969995","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of through silicon via (TSV) effects on next-generation super-high-speed transmission and power integrity package design for 2.5D modules with a highperformance central processing unit (CPU) or other 300A-class LSI mounted and 3D LSI is described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124635436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Huylenbroeck, Yunlong Li, M. Stucchi, L. Bogaerts, J. D. Vos, G. Beyer, E. Beyne, M. Brouri, P. Nalla, S. Gopinath, Matthew Thorum, Joe Richardson, Jengyi Yu
{"title":"Continuity and reliability assessment of a scalable 3×50μm and 2×40μm via-middle TSV module","authors":"S. V. Huylenbroeck, Yunlong Li, M. Stucchi, L. Bogaerts, J. D. Vos, G. Beyer, E. Beyne, M. Brouri, P. Nalla, S. Gopinath, Matthew Thorum, Joe Richardson, Jengyi Yu","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970001","url":null,"abstract":"An advanced TSV metallization scheme, featuring a high conformal ALD oxide liner, a thermal ALD WN barrier, an electroless NiB platable seed and a high throughput copper ECD filling is presented. Because of the high conformality of the WN barrier and NiB seed, very thin layers can be deposited, reducing the manufacturing cost significantly, while still guaranteeing continuous barrier/seed layers all along the TSV sidewall to the bottom of the TSV. 3 × 50μm via-middle wafers, processed with this metallization scheme, are further processed through the thinning module, by using temporary bonded carriers, the backside passivation module and a copper RDL module by using a semi-additive process. The TSV resistance is measured between the 5μm thick RDL copper layer at the back side and the METPASS aluminum layer at the wafer front side. Low spread and high yield is obtained on the resistance data distribution of both single kelvin and daisy chain structures. The same metallization scheme is successfully scaled to a 2μm diameter and 40μm deep via-middle module. The conformal deposition of the barrier and the seed layer enables further scaling down to aspect ratio 20:1 through silicon via's with 5μm pitch, still ensuring the void-free bottom up copper fill by electroplating. The integrity of the liner/barrier system against Cu diffusion from TSV to silicon has been verified using the established controlled I-V method. Field acceleration factors, extracted in both copper-confined and copper-driven regime, indicate good TDDB reliability of this advanced 2 × 40μm TSV middle module.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125067375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Qiao, Ilgweon Kang, D. Kane, Evangeline F. Y. Young, Chung-Kuan Cheng, R. Graham
{"title":"3D floorplan representations: Corner links and partial order","authors":"F. Qiao, Ilgweon Kang, D. Kane, Evangeline F. Y. Young, Chung-Kuan Cheng, R. Graham","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970023","url":null,"abstract":"Data/algorithmic representations of 3D floorplans for integrated circuits is an essential problem in the study of 3D VLSI circuits. Given a fixed number of rectangular blocks and their volume, 3D floorplan representations describe their orientations and positions relative to the origin in a three dimensional space. In our study, we 1). present and analyze a novel 3D floorplan representation we call corner links, 2). give new analysis to the partial order representation, and 3). discuss the equivalence of the two representation, provide algorithms for their mutual reducibility, and inspect several key properties.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116226907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Through-substrate via (TSV) with embedded capacitor as an on-chip energy storage element","authors":"Ye Lin, C. S. Tan","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is dedicated to modeling, design, fabrication and characterization of TSV with embedded capacitor, which integrates a TSV and a 3D MIM capacitor into the same trench. An effective capacitance density of 35nF/mm2 has been demonstrated for the embedded capacitor, which closely matches 37nF/mm2 from analytical prediction. It is found that conventional sputtering technology is inadequate for electrode deposition of high aspect ratio embedded capacitor, despite its lower cost compared to ALD. Significant enhancement in capacitance density can be expected in embedded capacitor compared to its stand-alone trench capacitor counterpart. A value of 1103nF/mm2 is envisioned vs. that of 440nF/mm2 in state-of-the-art multi-layer MIM trench capacitor.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115962106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kentaro Akiyama, Y. Oike, Y. Kitano, Junichiro Fjimagari, Wakiyama Satoru, Y. Sakano, T. Toyama, H. Iwamoto, T. Ezaki, Takuya Nakamura, Tetsunori Imaizumi, Nonaka Yasuhiro
{"title":"A front-illuminated stacked global-shutter CMOS image sensor with multiple chip-on-chip integration","authors":"Kentaro Akiyama, Y. Oike, Y. Kitano, Junichiro Fjimagari, Wakiyama Satoru, Y. Sakano, T. Toyama, H. Iwamoto, T. Ezaki, Takuya Nakamura, Tetsunori Imaizumi, Nonaka Yasuhiro","doi":"10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3DIC.2016.7970033","url":null,"abstract":"A front-illuminated global-shutter CMOS image sensor has been developed with super 35-mm optical format. We have developed a chip-on-chip integration process to realize a front-illuminated image sensor stacked with 2 diced logic chips through 38K micro bump interconnections. The global-shutter pixel achieves a parasitic light sensitivity of −99.6dB. The stacked device allows highly parallel column ADCs and high-speed output interfaces to attain a frame rate of 480 fps with 8.3M-pixel resolution.","PeriodicalId":166245,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114662673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}