Journal of Biomaterials Applications最新文献

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> characterization of 3D printed polycaprolactone/graphene oxide scaffolds impregnated with alginate and gelatin hydrogels for bone tissue engineering.","authors":"Shaghayegh Amini-Mosleh-Abadi, Zahra Yazdanpanah, Farinaz Ketabat, Mahya Saadatifar, Mohammad Mohammadi, Nima Salimi, Azade Asef Nejhad, Ali Sadeghianmaryan","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336552","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251336552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To achieve successful bone tissue engineering (BTE), it is necessary to fabricate a biomedical scaffold with appropriate structure as well as favorable composition. Despite a broad range of studies, this remains a challenge, highlighting the need for a better understanding of how structural features (e.g., pore size) and scaffold composition influence mechanical and physical properties, as well as cellular behavior. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize physical properties (swelling, degradation), mechanical properties (compressive modulus), and cellular behavior in relation to varying compositions (referred to composite and hybrid scaffolds) as well as varying pore sizes in three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds. Composite scaffolds were fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL) and two different graphene oxide (GO) (3% and 9% (w/v)) concentrations. Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated by impregnating 3D printed scaffolds in a hydrogel blend of alginate/gelatin. Pore sizes of 400, 1000, and 1500 μm were investigated in this study to assess their effect on the scaffold properties. Our findings showed that swelling and degradation properties were enhanced by (I) the addition of GO as well as introduction of both hydrogel and highest concentration of GO (9% (w/v) GO) into the polymeric matrix of PCL, and (II) increasing the pore size within the scaffolds. Mechanical testing revealed that compressive elastic modulus increased with decreasing pore size, incorporation of GO, and increasing GO content into the matrix of PCL. Although our investigated scaffolds with various pore sizes did not show comparable elastic moduli to that of cortical bone, they exhibited an elastic modulus range (∼31-48 MPa) matching that of trabecular bone. The highest compressive modulus (∼48 MPa) was observed in scaffolds of PCL/9% (w/v) GO (composite scaffolds) with the pore size of 400 μm. Cell viability assay demonstrated high MG-63 cell survival (greater than 70%) in all composite and hybrid scaffolds (indicating scaffold biocompatibility) except PCL/3% (w/v) GO scaffolds. The findings of this study contribute to the field of BTE by providing scaffold design insights in terms of pore size and composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"374-388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostic performance of EGFR-targeted ceria-based nanoparticles on EGFR-positive cancers.","authors":"Kochurani K Johnson, Pramod Koshy, Chantal Kopecky, Michelle Devadason, Jeff Holst, Kristopher A Kilian, Charles C Sorrell","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336556","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251336556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EGFR is overexpressed in several cancers and hence EGFR-targeted theranostics is a promising approach to manage cancers, with widespread applicability. When nanoceria, which possesses intrinsic anticancer properties, is conjugated with EGFR-targeted fluorophore-tagged ligands, this nanoformulation can both image tumors and kill them through ROS-mediated cell destruction. Further, targeting enhances the cellular uptake of nanoparticles through EGFR-mediated endocytosis. The present work evaluates the <i>in vitro</i> theranostic performance of FITC-tagged EGF-functionalized nanoceria on EGFR-positive cancers. Three EGFR-positive cell lines were used for the study: MDA-MB-231, PANC-1 and HeLa. The EGFR-binding specificity of the EGF-functionalized nanoparticles was confirmed using western blot analysis. The therapeutic and diagnostic activities of the theranostic nanoparticles were confirmed, the former by cell viability assays and ROS measurements and the latter by confocal imaging. The results demonstrate significant ROS elevation levels for the treated cells and hence the suitability of the particles for therapeutic applications. The nanoparticles also are capable of detection using fluorescence imaging following 5 minutes of treatment, thus confirming the applicability for imaging. Hemolysis assay studies revealed excellent hemocompatibility of the nanoparticles, confirming their suitability for <i>in vivo</i> applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"454-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion of endothelialization of silk functionalized with IKVAV peptide and production of silk containing IKVAV-REDV sequence by transgenic silkworms.","authors":"Tetsuo Asakura, Tatsuya Hayashi, Takashi Tanaka, Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu, Hideki Sezutsu","doi":"10.1177/08853282251345003","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251345003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early endothelialization and the prevention of platelet adhesion are crucial in the development of small-diameter vascular grafts to prevent thrombus formation and intimal thickening. Silk fibroin (SF) from <i>Bombyx mori</i> is commonly used for such grafts. In our previous study, we found that silk vascular grafts coated with sponge-like transgenic (TG) silk incorporating the arginine-glutamic acid-aspartate-valine (REDV) peptide and transplanted into rats yielded favorable results. In this study, we aimed to achieve even better results by incorporating additional peptides into TG silk containing REDV and coating silk vascular grafts with this sponge. Initially, we sought to identify such peptides. We attempted to immobilize several peptides containing REDV onto silk using cyanuric chloride. Cell culture experiments with normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were performed on SF, SF+REDV, SF + arginine-glycine- aspartate (RGD), SF+cysteine-alanine-glycine (CAG), and SF + isoleucine-lysine- valine- alanine-valine (IKVAV) films to assess adhesion, proliferation, and extensibility; SF+RGD and SF+IKVAV films demonstrated high adhesion behavior of HUVECs. In addition, platelet adhesion on these SF+peptide films was evaluated. Platelet adhesion strength was much higher on SF+RGD films than on other SF+peptide films. These results suggest that IKVAV may be the most suitable peptide for coating SF vascular grafts. Subsequently, we successfully produced TG silk incorporating IKVAV+REDV. We then coated small-diameter silk vascular grafts with sponge-like TG silk incorporating IKVAV+REDV and measured its physical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"402-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genipin stabilized fibrin microbeads: Carrying cytokines to form niches for stem cell differentiation.","authors":"Qian Chen, Pingping Hu, Wenjing Yang, Xiuquan Xu, Genbao Shao","doi":"10.1177/08853282251344394","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251344394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Niches, which are combinations of extracellular matrix and cytokines, play essential roles in the stem cell biology. In this study, genipin stabilized fibrin microbeads (gFMBs) were prepared through oil emulsion method. Then, sonic hedgehog (SHH) was crosslinked to the surface of gFMBs by using genipin. These gFMBs were designated as gFMB@SHH since SHH was attached to their surface. Moreover, ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were cultured, characterized, and used to test gFMB@SHH. Genipin not only changed the color of fibrin microbeads (FMBs) to deep blue, but also stabilized FMBs by delaying their degradation in vitro. In addition to the nontoxic and proliferation promoting effects of gFMB@SHH on EMSCs, gFMBs@SHH could induce neural differentiation of EMSCs by stimulating the SHH/Gli pathway. Therefore, genipin stabilized fibrin microbeads might be a promising structure to construct niches for in vitro stem cell researches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of protoporphyrin IX loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for anticancer photodynamic therapy.","authors":"Yang Sheng, Kangyao Zhao, Yang Liu, Peng Zhang, Yixin Sun, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336557","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251336557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the poor hydrophilicity of most photosensitizers makes them difficult to enter the cells and also susceptible to aggregation-induced quenching in aqueous environment. In this study, we encapsulated protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) by nanostructured lipid carrier to obtain a water-soluble PPIX delivery system (NLC-PPIX). The nanoparticles exhibited high colloidal stability and good fluorescence emission. The generation of ¹O₂ from the NLC-PPIX was verified using 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dicarboxylic acid (ABDA) as ¹O₂ indicator. The ¹O₂ quantum yield of the NLC-PPIX in aqueous solution was calculated to be ∼9%. The flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging confirmed the uptake of NLC-PPIX by the A2058 cells and the generation of ¹O₂ inside the cells under light excitation. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that the NLC-PPIX exerted no toxicity on the A2058 cells under dark conditions, while light irradiation triggered high phototoxicity. The cell viability of the A2058 cells was significantly decreased and the inhibition rate reached approximately 96% by treating the cells with 200 μg/mL NLC-PPIX and 420 nm light irradiation. The successful cancer cell uptake and PDT effect revealed the therapeutic promise of our drug delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"442-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thioredoxin-loaded nanocomposite wound dressing for the delivery of adipose derived stem cells for wound healing applications.","authors":"Jingyi Yang, Zheng Zhang, Lin Jing, Junwen Ge, Dan Deng","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336554","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251336554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current research, Thioredoxin was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles and then loaded into the matrix of collagen hydrogel containing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In vitro studies including Scanning electron microscopy imaging, cell viability assay, cell migration assay, swelling assay, release assay, radical scavenging assay were performed in order to characterize the dressings. Then, the wound healing activity of these scaffolds were studied in a rat model of wound healing. Our findings indicate that the scaffolds markedly accelerated wound closure, enhanced epithelial regeneration, and increased collagen deposition. The wound closure values for the developed dressings were 60.507 ± 2.287% on Day 7 and 95.270 ± 2.600% on Day 14. ELISA results demonstrated an upregulation of VEGF, b-FGF, and TGF-β expression, while TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced. For our developed dressings, VEGF levels were 661.307 ± 80.195 pg/mL, while bFGF was detected at 524.410 ± 81.040 pg/mL. The concentration of TGF-β was 315.357 ± 54.783 pg/mL, and TNF-α was measured at 176.093 ± 43.934 pg/mL. Additionally, IL-6 levels were found to be 187.577 ± 40.860 pg/mL. Our results suggest that our developed hydrogel system has improved wound healing via improving angiogenesis and modulating inflammation. These mechanisms can be attributed to the proangiogenic and immunomodulatory activities of ASCs and the antioxidative properties of Thioredoxin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"428-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic injectable photothermal/chemotherapeutic hydrogel for prevention and treatment of local wound infections.","authors":"Chensong Zhang, Zhenzhen Hui, Jiachi Ma","doi":"10.1177/08853282251375205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251375205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various dressings have been developed for the prevention and treatment of wound infections, but the complex structures and manufacturing processes designed to achieve powerful functionalities have impeded their clinical application. Herein, a dynamic injectable photothermal/chemotherapeutic hydrogel has been facilely established through mixing gellan gum (GG), indocyanine green (ICG) and amikacin (AMI) aqueous solutions at 80°C and cooling to room temperature. The hydrogel displayed a precise structure with 1.5% of GG containing ICG content of 100 μg/mL and AMI content of 1 mg/mL, and exhibited favorable injectable, self-healing, and adhesive capabilities as well as superior swelling and moisturizing properties through GG's features. Furthermore, the GG also endowed the hydrogel with the capability to efficiently release drugs in response to the microenvironment (pH 5.0, 7.4 and 8.0) of both infected and uninfected wounds. These exceptional physicochemical properties and combined effects of chemotherapy and PTT facilitated the satisfactory in vitro biocompatibility and antibacterial capability as well as wound healing acceleration ability. Therefore, such a dynamic injectable photothermal/chemotherapeutic hydrogel paves the way toward easily clinical transformation for prevention and treatment of local wound infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251375205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel hydrogel-coated chest drain based on ropivacaine-glycerol-alginate hydrogel with construction and application to postoperative thoracic rehabilitation.","authors":"Sida Liao, Zijie Sun, Furong Lin, Jingyu Liang, Longmei Guo, Zixin Deng, Xinyao Zhang, Minghui Zhong, Jiamin Zeng, Bu Long, Jiawei Huang, Wenjin Ji, Lan Lan","doi":"10.1177/08853282251369244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251369244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Study objectives:</b> We aimed to develop a drug-loaded hydrogel-encapsulated chest drain to improve postoperative comfort and recovery in thoracic surgery patients. <b>Methods:</b> The hydrogel was modified with different ratios of glycerol and alginate, then mixed with varying concentrations of ropivacaine and fixed on a simulated chest drain tube using a mould and calcium chloride solution. The morphology, degradation, and slow-release properties of the hydrogel were assessed to identify the most suitable formulation. A bacteriostatic test was conducted using bacterial smear plates. The new chest drain was then implanted in rats using the seldinger method. Pathological changes were observed with imaging techniques such as chest ultrasound and radiographs, while lung function was assessed to evaluate the analgesic effect. After the animal experiments, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were performed on relevant tissues to analyze inflammation, and SOD activity was measured to assess oxidative stress levels. <b>Results:</b> The optimal drug-loaded hydrogel for chest drains contained 2% sodium alginate, 10% glycerol, and ropivacaine concentrations between 0.25% and 0.75%. This formulation showed superior morphological characteristics, degradation, and sustained-release properties. It also exhibited excellent bacteriostatic effects. The low-concentration (0.25%) drug-loaded hydrogel demonstrated better analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress-inhibitory effects in animal studies. <b>Conclusions:</b> The modified ropivacaine-alginate hydrogel-encapsulated chest drain offers a promising local slow-release strategy and may contribute to rapid rehabilitation in thoracic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251369244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyherbal gel formulation with <i>Solanum nigrum</i>, <i>Aloe vera, Psidium guajava</i> and <i>Moringa oleifera</i>: A preclinical evaluation for accelerated wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers.","authors":"Diksha Manhas, Udayabanu Malairaman","doi":"10.1177/08853282251374422","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251374422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A common and fatal consequence of diabetes, diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are linked to an increased risk of mortality and amputation. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate a polyherbal gel formulation (PGF) employing hydro-alcoholic extracts of <i>Solanum nigrum</i> (fruits), <i>Aloe vera</i> (leaves), <i>Psidium guajava</i> (fruits), and <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (bark) at different concentrations for the efficient treatment and management of DFU. The anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and wound healing activities of PGFs were investigated using a range of cell-based <i>in-vitro</i> assays and animal models. Each PGF exhibited a remarkable α-amylase inhibitory activity, with PGF 4 demonstrating the highest inhibition of α-amylase (IC50- 0.093 mg/mL). Fluorescent microscopy analysis revealed significant glucose uptake by McCoy fibroblast cells in the presence of PGFs. In addition to this, the PGFs exhibited notable anti-bacterial efficacy against a spectrum of tested pathogens. The administration of PGFs to McCoy cells displayed enhanced wound closure, with 86.04 % closure rate in presence of PGF 4 in scratch assay. <i>In-vivo</i> assessments encompassed the evaluation of PGFs efficacy in inducing caudal fin regeneration in Zebra fish, revealing PGF 3 and PGF 4 to be effective with a substantial 56.67% and 73.3% regeneration, respectively, after 8 days post-amputation. In a diabetic rat model, wherein circular wounds were inflicted, a 14 days regimen of topical PGF 4 application demonstrated enhanced efficacy compared to the standard Calendula cream (79%) in expediting diabetic wound closure. Collectively, these findings underscore the promising potential of PGF 4 for advance therapeutic approach in the management of DFUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251374422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of PVA/Collagen/Gelatin scaffold for microtia reconstruction.","authors":"Amaliya Rasyida, Nabila Firdausi Nuzula, Sigit Tri Wicaksono, Indri Lakhsmi Putri, Hosta Ardhyananta, Yung-Hsin Cheng","doi":"10.1177/08853282251374428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251374428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is commonly used as a scaffold in tissue engineering applications. However, PVA has limitations in achieving mechanical properties that are suitable for natural cartilage. Collagen and gelatin are natural polymers with biocompatible, biodegradable properties, and low immune reactions. In the study, PVA/collagen/gelatin (PVA/Coll/Gel) were developed for microtia reconstruction. The effects of adding collagen of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% on the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, microstructure, elastic modulus, and swelling properties of PVA/Coll/Gel were characterized and optimized. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the phase transitioned from semi-crystalline to amorphous in the PVA/Coll/Gel scaffold containing 20% and 25% collagen. The developed composites with 15%, 20% and 25% collagen have the similar mechanical strength to that of human auricular cartilage. The PVA/Coll 5%/Gel scaffold with the largest pore size (∼66.47 μm) exhibits the highest swelling rate compared to the other groups. The results suggested that PVA/Coll/Gel scaffold with tunable properties might have potential applications for microtia reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251374428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}