Journal of Biomaterials Applications最新文献

{"title":"Gold-nanoparticle decorated allograft tendons confer mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative species in vitro.","authors":"Mark J Messler, Jonathan Austin, John Brockman, David A Grant, Sheila A Grant","doi":"10.1177/08853282251399594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251399594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Millions of people suffer from traumatic ligament ruptures every year. Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee are the most common ligament tear requiring surgical intervention. Without surgical intervention, this type of injury can be debilitating, painful, and athletic career-ending. Furthermore, damage to the ACL can lead to troublesome, chronic complications such as accelerated progression of osteoarthritis, even with modern surgical intervention. Most commonly, patients have their torn or ruptured ACL reconstructed with the use of a tendon graft, either autograft or allografts. Both graft material can result in prolonged and painful healing with limited capacity for total remodeling of the graft. It is hypothesized that these grafts can improve healing through the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated to the grafts. The proposed mechanism of enhanced ligamentization is through reduced excessive levels of inflammation. The conjugation process and modified physical properties of the grafts were examined, as well the cellular response to these alterations. The results demonstrated that the AuNP conjugated tendon grafts had a significant effect on cellular oxidation and inflammation levels. Additionally, the cells were shown to be biocompatible with AuNP modified grafts, as evidenced by metabolic and proliferation assays, however there was a notable decrease in these measures especially at the higher AuNPs concentration. It appeared that a AuNP concentration of less than 50 g/g AuNP to tissue will elicit a positive biocompatibility response while still reducing inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251399594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145648565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional PEEK implants: Sulfonation-polydopamine synergy for bioactivity, wear resistance, and antibacterial efficacy.","authors":"Qianqian Sun, Guangru Zhang, Guofa Zhang, Mei Lv, Litao Wang","doi":"10.1177/08853282251389693","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251389693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PEEK is a promising biomaterial for orthopedic and dental applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bone-like elastic modulus. However, its bioinert surface limits osseointegration and predisposes it to wear debris-induced inflammation, hindering its use in load-bearing implants. To address these challenges, this study proposes a composite modification strategy combining gradient sulfonation with polydopamine (PDA) coating to enhance the bioactivity, tribological performance, and interfacial stability of PEEK. Surface characterization revealed that sulfonation introduced porous structures and hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups, while PDA further improved wettability and enabled chelation-mediated hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization. Tribological tests demonstrated that optimal sulfonation reduced the friction coefficient and wear width, whereas excessive sulfonation (60 min) degraded mechanical properties due to adhesive wear. In vitro mineralization confirmed that PDA-coated samples exhibited robust HA deposition, attributed to catechol/amino group-mediated nucleation. Additionally, H₂SO₄/PDA synergistically enhanced antibacterial efficacy by chemically disrupting bacterial membranes. A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) graft layer was constructed on the surface of PEEK substrate, and its interfacial bonding performance under frictional shear load was evaluated. These results demonstrate that the H₂SO₄/PDA composite modification optimizes PEEK's multifunctional performance, offering a viable route for developing advanced biomimetic joint implants with improved osseointegration, wear resistance, and long-term stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251389693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-hydroxyapatite doped tyramine gelatin/silk fibroin scaffold for the regeneration of cancellous bone defects.","authors":"Lina Yang, Mengting Wang, Caixing Peng, Xiang Gong, Lihong Fan, Shuhua Liu, Shengxiang Tao","doi":"10.1177/08853282251347346","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251347346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gelatin (G) and silk fibroin (SF) are well-established as scaffold materials for bone regeneration; however, their limited binding abilities and mechanical properties often result in less-than-ideal outcomes. In this study, we sought to enhance the stability of a silk fibroin/gelatin biomimetic scaffold by introducing a tyramine bond to the gelatin and incorporating nanohydroxyapatite as a bioactive element. This innovation led to the development of a more robust silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin tyramine biomimetic scaffold (SHGT). The biomimetic scaffold was fabricated through an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (HRP/H₂O₂), which facilitated the interaction between a high concentration of silk fibroin (17%) and gelatin tyramine (GT). Additionally, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was incorporated as a bioactive filler to promote bone repair. Our findings indicated that the SHG biomimetic scaffold, initially designed as a sponge, was transformed into an SHGT scaffold with improved brittle fracture resistance, thus broadening its potential applications in bone reconstruction. Moreover, the data showed that combining GT with RGD sequences and HA as a bioactive component significantly enhanced the viability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured on the scaffold. This synergistic effect highlights the potential of the SHGT scaffold as a promising material for bone tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"500-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing gelatin hydrogels: Synergistic effects of C-phycocyanin and nopal mucilage on physicochemical and biocompatibility properties.","authors":"Emma Gabriela Antonio-Marcos, Hugo Joel Carrillo Escalante, Liliana Hernández-Vázquez, Gerardo Alfonso Castillo Gamboa, José Manuel Cervantes Uc, Jesús Alejandro Claudio Rizo, Nayeli Rodríguez-Fuentes","doi":"10.1177/08853282251355114","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251355114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healing persistent wounds is a current challenge for healthcare systems. Addressing this type of problem requires new and improved materials that activate regenerative processes without side effects. In this sense, in this study, C-phycocyanin (CPC), a bioactive pigment obtained from <i>Arthrospira platensis</i>, and nopal mucilage (MUC), a traditional Mexican element of ancestral medicine, were incorporated into gelatin (GEL)-based hydrogels and chemically crosslinked. These materials, referred to as HGEL-CPC-MUC, were prepared with varying concentrations of CPC-MUC (0-1 μg/μL of hydrogel), and their structural, physicochemical, rheological and <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> biocompatibility properties were systematically evaluated. The main findings revealed that the incorporation of CPC-MUC into GEL-based hydrogels, significantly improves their physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. These hydrogels exhibited a chemical crosslinking, achieving 93% crosslinking efficiency, high swelling behavior (∼1250%), rough porous surfaces, sustained degradation at physiological pH, and high thermal stability. Their rheological behavior showed an improvement in G' (226%) under thermal stress (40 °C), along with high damping capacity under constant load with the addition of CPC-MUC. Notably, the presence of CPC-MUC imparted a hemoprotective effect, with hemolysis percentages decreasing proportionally to the CPC-MUC content and none of the hydrogels interfered with coagulation pathways. Furthermore, all hydrogels demonstrated excellent <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> biocompatibility with dermal fibroblasts, showing no cytotoxic effects. These features become important in the context of a moist and refractory wounds such as foot ulcers and extensive burns, were moisture control, exceptional hemocompatibility and support for dermal fibroblasts viability are required, as well as the porous structure for nutrients and waste exchange. HGEL-CPC-MUC hydrogels represent a highly promising biocompatible and multifunctional scaffold for advanced wound care and regenerative medicine applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"529-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an enhanced liver scaffold recellularization using fibronectin.","authors":"Sadia Afrin, Usha Yadav, Chandra J Yadav, Jihad Kamel, Jun-Young Lee, Kyung-Mee Park","doi":"10.1177/08853282251350315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251350315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decellularized liver scaffolds offer a promising foundation for liver tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, several challenges such as poor cell adhesion, inefficient reseeding, inadequate vascularization, and a high risk of blood clot formation continue to hinder their clinical application. While fibronectin (FN) has been widely used to enhance scaffold functionality, its potential for liver-specific applications remains largely unexplored. In this study, we developed a perfusion-assisted FN coating technique to improve the adhesion of endothelial cells (EA.hy926) and hepatocytes (HepG2), thereby enhancing the overall biocompatibility of liver scaffolds. FN was carefully introduced into decellularized rat liver scaffolds, allowing for targeted deposition across both the vascular and parenchymal compartments to optimize cellular attachment. Following portal vein reseeding and 7 days of bioreactor incubation, the FN-coated scaffolds showed significantly better endothelial cell adhesion within blood vessel structures and increased HepG2 cell coverage throughout the liver tissue. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed enhanced HepG2 proliferation, while TUNEL and RT-qPCR analyses indicated improved cell viability and scaffold functionality. Additionally, ex vivo blood perfusion tests demonstrated reduced thrombogenicity, likely due to improved endothelialization and lower platelet adhesion. These findings highlight FN functionalization as an effective bioengineering approach to overcoming key barriers in vascularization, biocompatibility, and cellular integration for liver scaffolds. By extending the known benefits of FN beyond its previously studied applications in kidney and heart scaffolds, this research introduces a promising strategy for advancing bioengineered liver grafts and potential transplantation models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"513-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on fabrication of calcium sulfate hemihydrate/tricalcium phosphate based injectable bone cement modified by sodium alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan gel network and its resistance to collapse.","authors":"Junjia Kang, Xiaojie Lian, Zhimin He, Tingwei Qin, Di Huang","doi":"10.1177/08853282251361217","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251361217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The collapsibility of bone cement may cause blood vessel embolism, blocking blood flow and causing serious complications such as pulmonary embolism or spinal cord injury, especially when implantation by injection. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an artificial bone graft with excellent collapse resistance performance. Calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate complex bone cements can be formulated as injectable materials, making them particularly suitable for treating irregular bone defects. However, its clinical application is limited by poor collapsibility resistance and mechanical strength. This study aimed to develop an injectable bone repair material by integrating a biphasic calcium source, which was achieved by calcium sulfate (CS) and calcium phosphate (CP), and a synergistic network formed by sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The results showed that the addition of SA-CMCS as a solidifying liquid significantly improved the compressive strength, injectability, and collapsibility resistance of composite bone cement. At the concentration of 1% SA and 15% CMCS, the peak compressive strength reached 11.53 ± 1.3 MPa. All the composite bone cements did not collapse at 5 h in the static environment, and the collapse times of samples SA1-CMCS15 and SA1-CMCS20 in the dynamic environment were 95.3 ± 5.1 min and 96.7 ± 4.9 min, respectively. At CMCS concentrations of 10-20%, the injectability of composite bone cement was higher than 90% and degradation ratio was less than 15%. ALP activity and alizarin red staining confirmed that the composite bone cement showed excellent cytocompatibility and promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This study successfully developed a bone repair material with enhanced mechanical properties, collapsibility resistance, injectability, and biocompatibility, which may make it a promising candidate for bone regeneration applications in clinical.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"547-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Fiber-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/08853282251340963","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251340963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"560-561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial alginate/lignin composite hydrogels loaded with vancomycin for wound dressing applications.","authors":"Faeze Shojaeinia, Masoumeh Haghbin Nazarpak, Akbar Karkhaneh","doi":"10.1177/08853282251347768","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251347768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are advantageous for wound healing as they provide mechanical support and maintain a moist environment, essential for tissue repair. Although conventional alginate-based hydrogels are commonly used in wound care, they often lack essential properties like antibacterial and antioxidant functionality. To address this limitation, this research focused on synthesizing composite hydrogels combining alginate with lignin and loading them with Vancomycin. The incorporation of lignin and Vancomycin imparted antibacterial and antioxidant properties to the hydrogels, enhancing their therapeutic potential. The hydrogels are dual crosslinked (physically and chemically), where lignin counteracts high levels of reactive oxygen species and reduces excessive inflammation at the wound site. Furthermore, the hydrogels had pores ranging from 100 to 135 μm, which is beneficial to gas and nutrient exchange and wound fluid absorption. Results showed that lignin improved the hydrogels' stability in physiological conditions by 50%. Additionally, the incorporation of lignin led to a 30% increase in antioxidant activity and a 50% boost in antibacterial activity. Vancomycin release from the hydrogels was measured, which showed alginate-only hydrogels releasing 50% and lignin-reinforced hydrogels releasing 35% over the first 24 hours. The MTT test confirmed approximately 90% cell viability across all samples, suggesting that the designed hydrogels are promising candidates for wound dressing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"473-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oyster shell powder reinforced chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) freeze-dried composite sponge for on-site hemorrhage control.","authors":"Pranabesh Kumar Sasmal, Sujankrishna Samanta, Shalini Dasgupta, Samit Kumar Nandi, Abhijit Chanda, Pallab Datta","doi":"10.1177/08853282251347348","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251347348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A composite hemostatic sponge consisting of chitosan (CS) with oyster shell powder (OSP) has been developed as a potentially sustainable composite material for controlling hemorrhage at the injury site. The system is designed assuming that Ca⁺ released by OSP will accelerate the effect of chitosan at damage sites, enhancing the overall hemostatic efficacy. The sponge was thoroughly characterized using FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. In vitro, blood clotting assays such as clotting time (CT) [188 ± 4 s], prothrombin time (PT) [36 ± 1 s], activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) [51 ± 2 s], and plasma recalcification time (PRT) [58 ± 3 s] demonstrated that the inclusion of CaCO₃ significantly improved clot formation, with the CS-OSP sponge outperforming control sponges without OSP. RT-PCR analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and interleukin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on fibroblast cell lines evidenced the wound healing-promoting activity of OSP-reinforced CS sponges. This was further supported by in vivo studies using a rabbit femoral artery injury model, where the CaCO₃-enhanced sponge achieved superior hemostasis and reduced blood loss more effectively than the control sponges without CaCO₃. These findings suggest that the oyster shell-derived CaCO₃ enhances the hemostatic activity of chitosan-based sponges, providing a promising candidate for rapid hemorrhage control in clinical settings, particularly in scenarios involving both oozing and pressurized bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"487-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-adherence capacity of phytosphingosine on titanium surfaces.","authors":"Enni Liinoja, Nagat Areid, Elisa Närvä, Floris J Bikker, Vuokko Loimaranta, Timo O Närhi","doi":"10.1177/08853282251334902","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251334902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firm soft tissue attachment on oral implant components together with good bacterial control are important prerequisites for uneventful implant healing. TiO₂ coatings have been shown to enhance human gingival fibroblast attachment, but the coating does not have antimicrobial properties. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is known to have antifouling properties against the cariogenic bacterium <i>Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)</i> which is also among the first colonizers on implant surfaces. This makes PHS an interesting agent to prevent microbial adhesion on dental implant surfaces. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of PHS on <i>S. mutans</i> and human gingival fibroblast adhesion on titanium surfaces with or without TiO₂ -coating. Titanium discs (<i>n</i> = 99, diameter 14 mm, thickness 1 mm) were fabricated for the study. The discs were divided into four groups: (1) non-coated discs (NC), (2) titanium discs with hydrothermally induced TiO₂ coatings (HT), (3) NC discs treated with PHS solution and (4) HT discs treated with PHS solution. Hydrophilicity of the discs was evaluated by water contact angle measurement. <i>S. mutans</i> was added on HT and NC discs with or without PHS treatment for 30 minutes and the number of attached bacteria was estimated by plate counting method. For fibroblast experiment, the cells were plated on the discs and the number of adhered fibroblasts was determined at three time points (1, 3, 6 h). Additionally, confocal microscope images were obtained to examine fibroblast and <i>S.</i> <i>mutans</i> adhesion and to evaluate cell spreading. PHS treatment significantly decreased the hydrophilicity of HT and NC titanium surfaces (<i>p</i> < .001). <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion was significantly reduced after PHS treatment on both NC (<i>p</i> < .001) and HT surfaces (<i>p</i> < .001). Fibroblast adhesion was significantly reduced in HT group at 1 and 3h time points (<i>p</i> < .001), situation leveling out by the 6th hour. PHS reduced the number of adhered fibroblasts to the surface at incubation times of 1 hours (<i>p</i> = .0011) and 3 hours (<i>p</i> = .0194). At the 6 hour time point the number of adhered cells was no longer reduced, but still a reduction in cell spreading on the surface was observed (<i>p</i> < .05). The adhesion differences were present only in HT group. The PHS treatment reduced adherence <i>of S. mutans</i> and fibroblasts on TiO₂ coated titanium, which may result from reduced hydrophilicity of the surfaces. The dual approach of PHS treatment and TiO₂ coating could provide microbial antifouling properties of dental implants but may also affect fibroblast adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"419-427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}