Journal of Biomaterials Applications最新文献

{"title":"Physical characterization of PEGylated exosome constructs: Size, charge, and morphology changes in non-specific alkylating N-terminal reactions.","authors":"Andrés Martínez-Santillán, José González-Valdez","doi":"10.1177/08853282251323198","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251323198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small extracellular vesicles, commonly referred to as exosomes, withhold a promising future in the pharmaceutical industry as carriers for targeted drug delivery due to their high specificity and bioavailability when compared to synthetic-based vectors. They, however, present some limitations for systematic administration because of natural organism defenses and their high-water solubility, ultimately making it difficult for them to reach the intended target. To improve the delivery capacity of these nanoparticles, the possibility for the construction of PEGylated versions was explored in this work. This process was performed, analyzed, and characterized using N-terminal specific PEGylation reactions targeted to the protein contents in the exosomal membrane. For this, two different mono-methoxy polyethylene glycols (mPEG) of 5 and 20 kDa were reacted with exosomes under alkylating conditions. The resulting 5k and 20k PEGylated exosome constructs were characterized and compared with unmodified exosomes, using size, morphology, and zeta potential as comparison parameters. Results after analysis showed an absorbance reduction of approximately 65% and 34% (for the 5 and 20 kDa conjugates respectively), a reduction of 10 to 20% in peak resolution, particle size increase corresponding to the polymer sizes used, and a slight reduction in electric distribution of about 2 to 3 mV less than the unmodified vesicles. The data obtained may provide insights for the optimization of exosome PEGylation strategies for therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"1202-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thioredoxin-loaded nanocomposite wound dressing for the delivery of adipose derived stem cells for wound healing applications.","authors":"Jingyi Yang, Zheng Zhang, Lin Jing, Junwen Ge, Dan Deng","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251336554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current research, Thioredoxin was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles and then loaded into the matrix of collagen hydrogel containing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In vitro studies including Scanning electron microscopy imaging, cell viability assay, cell migration assay, swelling assay, release assay, radical scavenging assay were performed in order to characterize the dressings. Then, the wound healing activity of these scaffolds were studied in a rat model of wound healing. Our findings indicate that the scaffolds markedly accelerated wound closure, enhanced epithelial regeneration, and increased collagen deposition. The wound closure values for the developed dressings were 60.507 ± 2.287% on Day 7 and 95.270 ± 2.600% on Day 14. ELISA results demonstrated an upregulation of VEGF, b-FGF, and TGF-β expression, while TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced. For our developed dressings, VEGF levels were 661.307 ± 80.195 pg/mL, while bFGF was detected at 524.410 ± 81.040 pg/mL. The concentration of TGF-β was 315.357 ± 54.783 pg/mL, and TNF-α was measured at 176.093 ± 43.934 pg/mL. Additionally, IL-6 levels were found to be 187.577 ± 40.860 pg/mL. Our results suggest that our developed hydrogel system has improved wound healing via improving angiogenesis and modulating inflammation. These mechanisms can be attributed to the proangiogenic and immunomodulatory activities of ASCs and the antioxidative properties of Thioredoxin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251336554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> characterization of 3D printed polycaprolactone/graphene oxide scaffolds impregnated with alginate and gelatin hydrogels for bone tissue engineering.","authors":"Shaghayegh Amini-Mosleh-Abadi, Zahra Yazdanpanah, Farinaz Ketabat, Mahya Saadatifar, Mohammad Mohammadi, Nima Salimi, Azade Asef Nejhad, Ali Sadeghianmaryan","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251336552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To achieve successful bone tissue engineering (BTE), it is necessary to fabricate a biomedical scaffold with appropriate structure as well as favorable composition. Despite a broad range of studies, this remains a challenge, highlighting the need for a better understanding of how structural features (e.g., pore size) and scaffold composition influence mechanical and physical properties, as well as cellular behavior. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize physical properties (swelling, degradation), mechanical properties (compressive modulus), and cellular behavior in relation to varying compositions (referred to composite and hybrid scaffolds) as well as varying pore sizes in three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds. Composite scaffolds were fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL) and two different graphene oxide (GO) (3% and 9% (w/v)) concentrations. Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated by impregnating 3D printed scaffolds in a hydrogel blend of alginate/gelatin. Pore sizes of 400, 1000, and 1500 μm were investigated in this study to assess their effect on the scaffold properties. Our findings showed that swelling and degradation properties were enhanced by (I) the addition of GO as well as introduction of both hydrogel and highest concentration of GO (9% (w/v) GO) into the polymeric matrix of PCL, and (II) increasing the pore size within the scaffolds. Mechanical testing revealed that compressive elastic modulus increased with decreasing pore size, incorporation of GO, and increasing GO content into the matrix of PCL. Although our investigated scaffolds with various pore sizes did not show comparable elastic moduli to that of cortical bone, they exhibited an elastic modulus range (∼31-48 MPa) matching that of trabecular bone. The highest compressive modulus (∼48 MPa) was observed in scaffolds of PCL/9% (w/v) GO (composite scaffolds) with the pore size of 400 μm. Cell viability assay demonstrated high MG-63 cell survival (greater than 70%) in all composite and hybrid scaffolds (indicating scaffold biocompatibility) except PCL/3% (w/v) GO scaffolds. The findings of this study contribute to the field of BTE by providing scaffold design insights in terms of pore size and composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251336552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-adherence capacity of phytosphingosine on titanium surfaces.","authors":"Enni Liinoja, Nagat Areid, Elisa Närvä, Floris J Bikker, Vuokko Loimaranta, Timo O Närhi","doi":"10.1177/08853282251334902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251334902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firm soft tissue attachment on oral implant components together with good bacterial control are important prerequisites for uneventful implant healing. TiO₂ coatings have been shown to enhance human gingival fibroblast attachment, but the coating does not have antimicrobial properties. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is known to have antifouling properties against the cariogenic bacterium <i>Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)</i> which is also among the first colonizers on implant surfaces. This makes PHS an interesting agent to prevent microbial adhesion on dental implant surfaces. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of PHS on <i>S. mutans</i> and human gingival fibroblast adhesion on titanium surfaces with or without TiO₂ -coating. Titanium discs (<i>n</i> = 99, diameter 14 mm, thickness 1 mm) were fabricated for the study. The discs were divided into four groups: (1) non-coated discs (NC), (2) titanium discs with hydrothermally induced TiO₂ coatings (HT), (3) NC discs treated with PHS solution and (4) HT discs treated with PHS solution. Hydrophilicity of the discs was evaluated by water contact angle measurement. <i>S. mutans</i> was added on HT and NC discs with or without PHS treatment for 30 minutes and the number of attached bacteria was estimated by plate counting method. For fibroblast experiment, the cells were plated on the discs and the number of adhered fibroblasts was determined at three time points (1, 3, 6 h). Additionally, confocal microscope images were obtained to examine fibroblast and <i>S.</i> <i>mutans</i> adhesion and to evaluate cell spreading. PHS treatment significantly decreased the hydrophilicity of HT and NC titanium surfaces (<i>p</i> < .001). <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion was significantly reduced after PHS treatment on both NC (<i>p</i> < .001) and HT surfaces (<i>p</i> < .001). Fibroblast adhesion was significantly reduced in HT group at 1 and 3h time points (<i>p</i> < .001), situation leveling out by the 6th hour. PHS reduced the number of adhered fibroblasts to the surface at incubation times of 1 hours (<i>p</i> = .0011) and 3 hours (<i>p</i> = .0194). At the 6 hour time point the number of adhered cells was no longer reduced, but still a reduction in cell spreading on the surface was observed (<i>p</i> < .05). The adhesion differences were present only in HT group. The PHS treatment reduced adherence <i>of S. mutans</i> and fibroblasts on TiO₂ coated titanium, which may result from reduced hydrophilicity of the surfaces. The dual approach of PHS treatment and TiO₂ coating could provide microbial antifouling properties of dental implants but may also affect fibroblast adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251334902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostic performance of EGFR-targeted ceria-based nanoparticles on EGFR-positive cancers.","authors":"Kochurani K Johnson, Pramod Koshy, Chantal Kopecky, Michelle Devadason, Jeff Holst, Kristopher A Kilian, Charles C Sorrell","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251336556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EGFR is overexpressed in several cancers and hence EGFR-targeted theranostics is a promising approach to manage cancers, with widespread applicability. When nanoceria, which possesses intrinsic anticancer properties, is conjugated with EGFR-targeted fluorophore-tagged ligands, this nanoformulation can both image tumors and kill them through ROS-mediated cell destruction. Further, targeting enhances the cellular uptake of nanoparticles through EGFR-mediated endocytosis. The present work evaluates the <i>in vitro</i> theranostic performance of FITC-tagged EGF-functionalized nanoceria on EGFR-positive cancers. Three EGFR-positive cell lines were used for the study: MDA-MB-231, PANC-1 and HeLa. The EGFR-binding specificity of the EGF-functionalized nanoparticles was confirmed using western blot analysis. The therapeutic and diagnostic activities of the theranostic nanoparticles were confirmed, the former by cell viability assays and ROS measurements and the latter by confocal imaging. The results demonstrate significant ROS elevation levels for the treated cells and hence the suitability of the particles for therapeutic applications. The nanoparticles also are capable of detection using fluorescence imaging following 5 minutes of treatment, thus confirming the applicability for imaging. Hemolysis assay studies revealed excellent hemocompatibility of the nanoparticles, confirming their suitability for <i>in vivo</i> applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251336556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing parameters on quality aspects of polycaprolactone (PCL) for coronary stent applications: A review.","authors":"Kuang Yee Ng, Noorhafiza Muhammad, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Mohd Shuhidan Saleh, Nur Amalina Muhammad, Asnul Hadi Ahmad, Kamalakanta Muduli","doi":"10.1177/08853282251334880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251334880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is emerging as a promising technique for manufacturing bioresorbable stents (BRS), particularly for coronary artery disease treatment. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has emerged as a favored material due to its biocompatibility, controlled degradation rate and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of key FDM printing parameters on the quality aspects of PCL-based BRS, focusing on morphological, mechanical and biological characteristics. This review also highlights inconsistencies in previous studies, particularly in the impact of these parameters on stent dimensions and mechanical properties, emphasizing the need for standardization in experimental methodologies. Additionally, the current gaps in research related to the mechanical and biological performances of PCL-based BRS are discussed, with a call for further studies on long-term effects. This review aims to guide future research by offering insights into optimizing FDM parameters for improving the overall performance and clinical outcomes of PCL-based BRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251334880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of protoporphyrin IX loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for anticancer photodynamic therapy.","authors":"Yang Sheng, Kangyao Zhao, Yang Liu, Peng Zhang, Yixin Sun, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/08853282251336557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251336557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the poor hydrophilicity of most photosensitizers makes them difficult to enter the cells and also susceptible to aggregation-induced quenching in aqueous environment. In this study, we encapsulated protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) by nanostructured lipid carrier to obtain a water-soluble PPIX delivery system (NLC-PPIX). The nanoparticles exhibited high colloidal stability and good fluorescence emission. The generation of ¹O₂ from the NLC-PPIX was verified using 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dicarboxylic acid (ABDA) as ¹O₂ indicator. The ¹O₂ quantum yield of the NLC-PPIX in aqueous solution was calculated to be ∼9%. The flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging confirmed the uptake of NLC-PPIX by the A2058 cells and the generation of ¹O₂ inside the cells under light excitation. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that the NLC-PPIX exerted no toxicity on the A2058 cells under dark conditions, while light irradiation triggered high phototoxicity. The cell viability of the A2058 cells was significantly decreased and the inhibition rate reached approximately 96% by treating the cells with 200 μg/mL NLC-PPIX and 420 nm light irradiation. The successful cancer cell uptake and PDT effect revealed the therapeutic promise of our drug delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251336557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coacervation-responsive cubosome containing hyaluronic acid and albumin complex.","authors":"Hyeon Ki Son, Panalee Pomseethong, Jin-Chul Kim","doi":"10.1177/08853282251334466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251334466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coacervation-responsive cubosomes were prepared by loading a complex of hydrophobically modified hyaluronic acid (HmHA) and hydrophobically modified albumin (HmAlb) and steviol glycoside (SG) into the water channels. Hyaluronic acid and albumin were modified with a lipid chain, and the HmHA and HmAlb were characterized by ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, respectively. The formation of the HmHA/HmAlb coacervate complex was optimized when the mass ratio was 1:9 under pH 4.0 conditions. The phase transition temperature of the cubic phase complex was observed to increase slightly from 60.9°C to 61.6°C as a result of the inclusion of the coacervate complex, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry. The maximum release degree of SG at 22°C was suppressed to 30.9% due to the coacervate at pH 3, and it was promoted to 75.9% at pH 5.5 due to the dissolution of the electrostatic complex as the pH value increased. The monoolein of the cubosDome enhanced the in vitro skin permeation of the cubosomal SG, as it could play a role as a skin permeation enhancer. The coacervation-responsive cubosome could be potentially used as a drug carrier that can release its content in a pH-controlled manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251334466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on mechanical and permeability properties of novel design additive manufactured Titanium based metal matrix composite bone scaffold for bone tissue engineering.","authors":"Umanath Puthillam, Renold Elsen Selvam","doi":"10.1177/08853282251333237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251333237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel design was developed for extrusion based additive manufacturing (robocasting) of bone scaffolds and a numerical study was carried out to find the optimal design to develop a bone scaffold for critical bone defect treatments. Initially, Representative Volume Analysis (RVE) analysis was carried out to predict the Young's modulus (E) of Titanium + Calcium Silicate and Titanium + Hydroxyapatite composites. The RVE analysis outputs were used to find out the E value of various bone scaffold designs and material compositions. The novel stepped design could be used to tailor the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold by altering the contact support area between strands and changing the pore size, shape and orientation to control the permeability and nutrient transportation. The test revealed that some of the designed scaffolds are suitable for developing scaffolds for cortical bone defects as the E value lies between 10 and 30 GPa. The CFD analysis indicated that some designs do not possess the permeability required for a scaffold to aid nutrient transportation which is ideally between 1.5 × 10^-9 and 5 × 10^-8 m². A sample model was printed and sintered in an argon atmosphere using a microwave furnace to check the feasibility of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251333237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of processing conditions on the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex films for potential wound dressing application.","authors":"Andressa de Espíndola Sobczyk, Pietra Ferreria Aguiar, Débora Jung Luvizetto Faccin, Nilo Sérgio Medeiros Cardozo, Isabel Cristina Tessaro","doi":"10.1177/08853282251334472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251334472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of chitosan and alginate leads to the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) that have been mainly used for applications such as wound dressings in biomedical areas. However, processing conditions can affect the resulting complex structure, influencing the final material properties. This work aims to evaluate the influence of processing conditions on the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of chitosan-alginate PEC films for wound dressing applications. The study was carried out using a Box-Behnken design, with controlled variables including pH, agitation speed, amounts of crosslinker and plasticizer, and the type of acid used in chitosan solubilization. Response variables were thickness, liquid absorption capacity, water vapor barrier, and mechanical properties, which are important characteristics in defining the applicability of dressings. All studied factors, as well as their interactions, showed significant effects on the properties of interest. The mathematical models obtained for the studied properties did not have a predictive character but rather a qualitative one, providing a good insight into the behavior of these materials regarding the modification of the evaluated experimental conditions, which strongly influence the characteristics of chitosan-alginate PEC films. Additional swelling and FTIR analyses performed for a selected sub-set of samples confirmed, respectively: (i) the high equilibrium values and stability at the equilibrium of the films regarding liquid absorption for both water and PBS; (ii) no degradation of the chitosan and alginate functional groups or loss of interaction between them under the considered processing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251334472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}