Journal of Biomaterials Applications最新文献_第2页

Progress in the application of auto-concentrated growth factor (CGF) in wound repair. 自体浓缩生长因子（CGF）在创面修复中的应用进展。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241305362

Chao Xu, Yuanmin Pei, Yanli Wang, Wenpeng Li, Liu Yang, Aimei Chai, Ying Wang, Wenrong Fan, Huiquan Tan

{"title":"Progress in the application of auto-concentrated growth factor (CGF) in wound repair.","authors":"Chao Xu, Yuanmin Pei, Yanli Wang, Wenpeng Li, Liu Yang, Aimei Chai, Ying Wang, Wenrong Fan, Huiquan Tan","doi":"10.1177/08853282241305362","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282241305362","url":null,"abstract":"Auto-concentrated growth factor (CGF) constitutes the latest generation of plasma extract, and has high concentrations of growth factors and white blood cells. Due to the continuous variable speed centrifugation used during preparation, the tensile strength of the fibrin is also higher. CGF preparation does not involve the use of animal serum, minimizing the risk of infection and immune rejection. Therefore, it has wide potential applications in various fields of regenerative medicine. This paper summarizes the history behind CGF development, reviews the clinical applications and research progress concerning single CGF therapy and CGF used in combination with other treatments in multiple wound repair, and summarizes its potential value as therapeutic agent. Finally, some constructive suggestions and research perspectives for the application of CGF in wound healing are put forward. The available evidence indicates that CGF can promote the healing of chronic refractory wounds and acute wound, promote the growth of granulation, accelerate the speed and improve the quality of wound healing, reduce scar formation, minimize the need for repeated wound dressing, and ameliorate the pain experienced by patients.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"819-827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High α-lipoic acid-loaded hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanozymes for targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in mice.

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/08853282251318514

Ya Pan, Xiaofeng Wang, Xuejun Zhou, Haipeng Chen, Yuxia Zou

{"title":"High α-lipoic acid-loaded hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanozymes for targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in mice.","authors":"Ya Pan, Xiaofeng Wang, Xuejun Zhou, Haipeng Chen, Yuxia Zou","doi":"10.1177/08853282251318514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251318514","url":null,"abstract":"This study successfully constructs a tumor-targeting α-lipoic acid-loaded hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanozyme (AHPRzyme) for targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in mice. In these nanozymes, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) acts as a targeting ligand, enabling effective targeting of tumor cells. Additionally, AHPRzyme exhibits multiple anti-tumor mechanisms: ① The prussian blue nanozymes in AHPRzyme have catalase (CAT) activity, which decomposes H2O2 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CEN2 cells into non-toxic H2O, reducing H2O2 levels and minimizing damage to normal cells. The released O2 helps alleviate the hypoxic environment of the tumor, inhibiting lactate production due to hypoxia and consequently suppressing tumor growth. ② The prussian blue nanozymes also have peroxidase (POD) activity, which catalyzes H2O2 in tumor cells to generate ·OH, a reactive oxygen species, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. ③ The α-lipoic acid structure in AHPRzyme contains disulfide bonds that react with GSH, depleting excess glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, disrupting the oxidative stress balance within the cells, and making them more sensitive to reactive oxygen species, thereby increasing tumor cell apoptosis. In summary, AHPRzyme can inhibit tumor cell growth and promote tumor cell apoptosis by improving the tumor microenvironment, achieving the goal of anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251318514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs self-assembled from tryptamine-cinnamaldehyde and fisetin for targeted sepsis-associated encephalopathy therapy.

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/08853282251318052

Ximing Deng, Jinyao Zhou, Wei Fang, Rao Sun, Guoqing Yan, Yun Sun

{"title":"pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs self-assembled from tryptamine-cinnamaldehyde and fisetin for targeted sepsis-associated encephalopathy therapy.","authors":"Ximing Deng, Jinyao Zhou, Wei Fang, Rao Sun, Guoqing Yan, Yun Sun","doi":"10.1177/08853282251318052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251318052","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute diffuse brain dysfunction, but its clinical treatment just focuses on antibiotics and supportive therapy, which fail to directly limit the development of SAE. Herein, this work highlights the development of pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs self-assembled from tryptamine (Try)-cinnamaldehyde (CA) and fisetin for targeted SAE therapy. The imine linkage in Try-CA and acid-dependent protonation of Try and fisetin endow the nanodrugs with pH-triggered dynamic changes of particle sizes, surficial charges, and drug release. Moreover, the combined use of Try-CA and fisetin also endows the nanodrugs with superior antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial capabilities compared to their individual use. These characteristics of the nanodrugs facilitate long-term circulation stability, effective penetration through BBB, selective accumulation in the brain, and target to central and peripheral focal areas, thereby achieving comprehensive treatment or relief of SAE. Thus, these attractive experimental results illuminate the enormous potential of such pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs for targeted SAE therapy, advancing their use in clinics.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251318052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial nonwoven materials in medicine and healthcare. 医药和保健领域的抗菌无纺材料。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241297872

Lijuan Sun, Shixin Jin, Yan Feng, Yanling Liu

{"title":"Antibacterial nonwoven materials in medicine and healthcare.","authors":"Lijuan Sun, Shixin Jin, Yan Feng, Yanling Liu","doi":"10.1177/08853282241297872","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282241297872","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infection has always been a severe challenge for mankind. The use of antibacterial nonwoven materials provides a lot of convenience in daily life and clinical practice grammar revision, it has become an important solution to avoid bacterial infection in clinical and daily life. This review systematically examines the spin bonding, melt blown, hydroneedling and electrospinning methods of nonwoven fabrication materials, and summarizes the antibacterial nonwoven materials fabrication methods. Finally, the review discusses the applications of antibacterial nonwoven materials for medical protection, external medical and healthcare, external circulation medical care implantable medical and healthcare and intelligent protection and detection. This comprehensive overview aims to provide valuable insights for the advancement of antibacterial nonwoven materials in the domain of medicine and health care. In the future, antibacterial nonwoven materials are expected to evolve towards biodegradability, composite materials, functionalization, minimally invasive techniques, diversification, and intelligence, thereby holding immense potential in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"671-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monoclonal antibodies against jellyfish collagen. 针对水母胶原蛋白的单克隆抗体。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241298354

Keiko Momma, Takeyuki Shimizu, Takahiro Hayashi, Yuki Hirakawa, Masataka Kuroda, Masayuki Oda

{"title":"Monoclonal antibodies against jellyfish collagen.","authors":"Keiko Momma, Takeyuki Shimizu, Takahiro Hayashi, Yuki Hirakawa, Masataka Kuroda, Masayuki Oda","doi":"10.1177/08853282241298354","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282241298354","url":null,"abstract":"Collagens are abundant structural proteins found in both mammalian and marine species, and attractive biomaterials used in various fields. Jellyfish collagen-based products have become increasingly popular because of their clinically proven health benefits such as the effects of skin wound healing and immune stimulation. To develop detection tools for jellyfish collagen, we generated four monoclonal antibodies, MCOL1, 2, 3, and 4, by immunizing mice with moon jellyfish collagen. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the variable regions of the monoclonal antibodies were determined. The antibody-binding kinetics toward collagens from moon jellyfish were evaluated using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, and the binding specificity was evaluated in comparison with binding to collagens from edible jellyfish, fish scales, and pig and cow skins. MCOL1, 3, and 4 specifically bound to moon jellyfish collagen, whereas MCOL2 bound to both moon and edible jellyfish collagens. Considering the results showing that the SPR responses of MCOL2 binding were greater than those seen with the other antibodies, MCOL2 could recognize the common and repetitive sequences of the two jellyfish collagens. Therefore, this monoclonal antibody will be most applicable for detecting jellyfish collagen.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"807-815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative buccal film delivery system for hypertension: Combining candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide.

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/08853282251317853

Ola Tarawneh, Aisha Kanan, Walid Al-Zyoud, Mohammad Khanfar, Mohammad Hailat, Ala A Alhusban, Razan Abu Jaber

{"title":"Innovative buccal film delivery system for hypertension: Combining candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide.","authors":"Ola Tarawneh, Aisha Kanan, Walid Al-Zyoud, Mohammad Khanfar, Mohammad Hailat, Ala A Alhusban, Razan Abu Jaber","doi":"10.1177/08853282251317853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251317853","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the development of buccal films as an innovative drug delivery system for hypertension management, combining candesartan cilexetil (CC) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Utilizing a solvent casting technique, films were prepared with various polymers, including PVA, PVP, and CMC Na, and enhanced with plasticizers to improve solubility and bioavailability. The films were evaluated for physicochemical and mechanical properties, disintegration time, and drug content uniformity. Results demonstrated that the films were visually uniform, with excellent folding endurance and a neutral pH. The formulation containing PVA, PVP, and CMC Na exhibited the fastest disintegration rate and superior bioadhesion. The use of Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) confirmed the miscibility of the drugs within the polymeric matrix, ensuring effective delivery. This novel formulation offers significant advantages by improving patient compliance and bypassing first-pass metabolism, presenting a promising alternative for hypertension treatment.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251317853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A nanofibrous polycaprolactone/collagen neural guidance channel filled with sciatic allogeneic schwann cells and platelet-rich plasma for sciatic nerve repair. 用于修复坐骨神经的纳米纤维聚己内酯/胶原蛋白神经引导通道，其中填充了坐骨神经异体施旺细胞和富含血小板的血浆。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241297446

Wenfeng Chen, Chenxiao Zheng

{"title":"A nanofibrous polycaprolactone/collagen neural guidance channel filled with sciatic allogeneic schwann cells and platelet-rich plasma for sciatic nerve repair.","authors":"Wenfeng Chen, Chenxiao Zheng","doi":"10.1177/08853282241297446","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282241297446","url":null,"abstract":"Sciatic nerve damage, a common condition affecting approximately 2.8% of the US population, can lead to significant disability due to impaired nerve signal transmission, resulting in loss of sensation and motor function in the lower extremities. In this study, a neural guidance channel was developed by rolling a nanofibrous scaffold produced via electrospinning. The scaffold's microstructure, biocompatibility, biodegradation rate, porosity, mechanical properties, and hemocompatibility were evaluated. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activated with 30,000 allogeneic Schwann cells (SCs) was injected into the lumen of the channels following implantation into a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Recovery of motor function, sensory function, and muscle re-innervation was assessed using the sciatic function index (SFI), hot plate latency time, and gastrocnemius muscle wet weight loss. Results showed mean hot plate latency times of Autograft: 7.03, PCL/collagen scaffolds loaded with PRP and SCs (PCLCOLPRPSCs): 8.34, polymer-only scaffolds (PCLCOL): 10.66, and untreated animals (Negative Control): 12.00. The mean SFI values at week eight were Autograft: -49.30, PCLCOLPRPSCs: -64.29, PCLCOL: -75.62, and Negative Control: -77.14. The PCLCOLPRPSCs group showed a more negative SFI compared to the Autograft group but performed better than both the PCLCOL and Negative Control groups. These findings suggest that the developed strategy enhanced sensory and functional recovery compared to the negative control and polymer-only scaffold groups.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"797-806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibitory effect of RGD peptide hydrogel on inflammation and angiogenesis in vitro. RGD 肽水凝胶对体外炎症和血管生成的抑制作用。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241296520

Binlin Chen, Licheng Liang, Dadong Jia, Mian Qin, Liye He, Shuai Liu, Yao Lv, Ruping Jiang, Liang Liang

引用次数: 0

Reactive oxygen species-responsive nano gel as a carrier, combined with photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brucellosis. 以活性氧反应纳米凝胶为载体，结合光热疗法和光动力疗法治疗布鲁氏菌病。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241279340

Yuchang Qin, Yuanyuan Xu, Fuli Lin, Yinwei Qiu, Yujie Luo, Xuan Lv, Tianyu Liu, Yongsheng Li, Zhiyong Liu, Shengchao Yang

{"title":"Reactive oxygen species-responsive nano gel as a carrier, combined with photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brucellosis.","authors":"Yuchang Qin, Yuanyuan Xu, Fuli Lin, Yinwei Qiu, Yujie Luo, Xuan Lv, Tianyu Liu, Yongsheng Li, Zhiyong Liu, Shengchao Yang","doi":"10.1177/08853282241279340","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282241279340","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is an intracellular infectious disease that is primarily treated with antibacterial therapy. However, most antibacterial drugs struggle to penetrate the cell membrane and may be excluded or inactivated within the cell. In a recent study, researchers developed a nanogel coated with polydopamine (PDA) that responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has enhanced adhesion properties. This nanogel encapsulates photosensitized zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and an antibacterial drug, and is further modified with folic acid (FA) for active targeting. The resulting ROS-responsive nanogel, termed PDA@PMAA@ZnPc@DH-FA, can reach temperatures up to 50°C under near-infrared light, leading to a 72.1% improvement in drug release through increased ROS production. Cell staining confirmed a cell survival rate above 75%, with a low hemolysis rate of only 4.633%, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, the study's results showed that the nanogel exhibited stronger killing effects against Brucella compared to administering the drug alone. Under near-infrared irradiation, the nanogel achieved a bacteriostatic rate of 99.8%. The combined approach of photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy offers valuable insights for treating Brucella.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"748-761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of human amniotic membrane on the angiogenesis and healing of ischemic wounds in a rat model. 人羊膜对大鼠模型缺血伤口血管生成和愈合的影响。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of Biomaterials Applications Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241289919

Masato Sato, Kazuaki Tokodai, Kaoru Okada, Hiroyuki Ogasawara, Miyako Tanaka, Tetsuro Hoshiai, Masatoshi Saito, Hirofumi Sugawara, Daijirou Akamatsu, Michiaki Unno, Masafumi Goto, Takashi Kamei

{"title":"Effects of human amniotic membrane on the angiogenesis and healing of ischemic wounds in a rat model.","authors":"Masato Sato, Kazuaki Tokodai, Kaoru Okada, Hiroyuki Ogasawara, Miyako Tanaka, Tetsuro Hoshiai, Masatoshi Saito, Hirofumi Sugawara, Daijirou Akamatsu, Michiaki Unno, Masafumi Goto, Takashi Kamei","doi":"10.1177/08853282241289919","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282241289919","url":null,"abstract":"Although the human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been demonstrated to promote angiogenesis, its efficacy in healing ischemic wounds remains unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the potential of hAM as a dressing for treating ischemic wounds. The inferior abdominal wall arteries and veins of male rats were divided, and an ischemic wound was created on each side of the abdominal wall. Of the two ischemic wounds created, only one was covered with hAM, and its wound healing effect was determined by measuring the wound area. Angiogenesis was assessed by measuring microvessel density (MVD). On day 5, the mean wound area changed from 400 mm2 to 335.4 (260-450) mm2 in the hAM group and to 459 (306-570) mm2 in the control group (p = 0.0051). MVD was 19.0 (10.4-24.6) in the hAM group and 15.1 (10.6-20.8) in the control group (p = 0.0026). No significant differences in local pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed between the two groups. Histological examination revealed no rejection of the transplanted hAM. Therefore, the hAM may serve as a novel wound dressing that can promote angiogenesis and healing in ischemic wounds.","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"789-796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0