Journal of Biomaterials Applications最新文献

{"title":"Study on fabrication of calcium sulfate hemihydrate/tricalcium phosphate based injectable bone cement modified by sodium alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan gel network and its resistance to collapse.","authors":"Junjia Kang, Xiaojie Lian, Zhimin He, Tingwei Qin, Di Huang","doi":"10.1177/08853282251361217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251361217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The collapsibility of bone cement may cause blood vessel embolism, blocking blood flow and causing serious complications such as pulmonary embolism or spinal cord injury, especially when implantation by injection. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an artificial bone graft with excellent collapse resistance performance. Calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate complex bone cements can be formulated as injectable materials, making them particularly suitable for treating irregular bone defects. However, its clinical application is limited by poor collapsibility resistance and mechanical strength. This study aimed to develop an injectable bone repair material by integrating a biphasic calcium source, which was achieved by calcium sulfate (CS) and calcium phosphate (CP), and a synergistic network formed by sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The results showed that the addition of SA-CMCS as a solidifying liquid significantly improved the compressive strength, injectability, and collapsibility resistance of composite bone cement. At the concentration of 1% SA and 15% CMCS, the peak compressive strength reached 11.53 ± 1.3 MPa. All the composite bone cements did not collapse at 5 h in the static environment, and the collapse times of samples SA1-CMCS15 and SA1-CMCS20 in the dynamic environment were 95.3 ± 5.1 min and 96.7 ± 4.9 min, respectively. At CMCS concentrations of 10-20%, the injectability of composite bone cement was higher than 90% and degradation ratio was less than 15%. ALP activity and alizarin red staining confirmed that the composite bone cement showed excellent cytocompatibility and promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This study successfully developed a bone repair material with enhanced mechanical properties, collapsibility resistance, injectability, and biocompatibility, which may make it a promising candidate for bone regeneration applications in clinical.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251361217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced thermal damage with electrical conductive hydrogel in radiofrequency (RF)-induced intestinal fusion.","authors":"Zhongxin Hu, Lin Mao, Xuyan Liu, Wenwen Zhang, Chengli Song","doi":"10.1177/08853282251360948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251360948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiofrequency (RF)-induced tissue thermal fusion is an innovative method of tissue anastomosis without the need for sutures or staples. However, this technology is generally challenged by significant tissue thermal damage, which may cause tissue necrosis, severely hindering its clinical application. Here, we reported a feasible approach of using a conductive polyacrylamide-alginate-0.5 M calcium ion (denoted as PAAm-Alg-0.5Ca²⁺) hydrogel during tissue fusion process, aiming to reduce thermal damage to the tissues. Electrothermal simulation results indicated that the PAAm-Alg-0.5Ca²⁺ hydrogel effectively reduced the fusion temperature of about 40°C, and produced less thermal damage to adjacent tissues (14.7%). In addition, the result of ex-vivo tissue fusion experiment demonstrated that the welded tissue reached an optimum temperature of about 100°C, and the fusion site exhibited a favorable morphology without tissue carbonization and structure breakdown. Furthermore, the fused tissue with the application of hydrogel could endure a burst pressure of 14.51 ± 1.27 kPa, which was much higher than the normal human intestinal pressure (0.67-6.67 kPa). The histomorphological examination also indicated a comparatively integrated structure and a high collagen volume fraction of fused tissues. Therefore, the application of PAAm-Alg-0.5Ca²⁺ hydrogel in RF-induced tissue fusion is considered an efficient and secure method of reducing excess thermal damage while maintaining anastomotic strength of tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251360948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Fiber-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/08853282251340963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08853282251340963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"8853282251340963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making vancomycin a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent using polyaziridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle.","authors":"Atul Kumar Tiwari, Aishwarya Nikhil, Avinash Chaurasia, Prem C Pandey, Roger J Narayan, Munesh Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1177/08853282251327486","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251327486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of antimicrobial drug resistance among microorganisms presents a global challenge to clinicians. Therefore, it is essential to investigate drug delivery systems to combat resistant bacteria and fungi. This study examined the potential and mode of action of vancomycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI-AuNP@Van) to enhance vancomycin's biocidal activity against <i>C. tropicalis, C. albicans, E. coli</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Drug conjugation and nanoparticle characterization were assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, TEM, ATR-FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Effective vancomycin conjugation on polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles was achieved via electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding between the COO-/OH groups of vancomycin and the NH- groups of polyethyleneimine, yielding nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and high zeta potential. The high luminescence of the nanoparticles facilitated their detection in microbial cells. PEI-AuNP@Van was internalized in <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. tropicalis</i> but showed surface adsorption in <i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The in vitro results indicated that the nanodelivery system exhibited superior biocidal activity against the tested strains compared to free vancomycin and unconjugated AuNPs. The mode of action of PEI-AuNP@Van was cell-type-dependent, involving intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell membrane integrity loss, and apoptosis. The development of antimicrobial nanoformulations using AuNPs and efficient conjugation systems offers a promising approach to address antimicrobial drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"145-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caprine dermal scaffolds for repair of full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits.","authors":"Parvez Ahmad, Sangeeta Devi Khangembam, Anil Kumar Gangwar, Vipin Kumar Yadav, Prafull Kumar Singh, Yogendra Singh, Ravi Prakash Goyal, Surendra Pratap Chakraverty, Rajesh Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1177/08853282251329559","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251329559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological scaffolds prepared after decellularization are used for the restoration of damaged tissues. A number of chemicals are used for bioscaffold preparation, and some of them damage their composition and architecture. Herein, we investigated the Sapindus mukorossi fruit pericarp extract (SPE) (5%) for decellularization of the caprine dermis. The dermal samples were processed in 5% SPE over magnetic stirrer for 96h at room temperature. The decellularization efficiency of SPE was analyzed by histological examination, DAPI staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), quantification of DNA hydroxyproline and hemocompatibility determination. Further, these acellular caprine dermal scaffolds were transplanted on full thickness skin wounds of group III New Zealand white rabbits. The wounds were left open in group I (Sham) and reconstructed by autograft in group II (<i>n</i> = 6 in each group). Continuous agitation of native caprine dermal tissues in 5% SPE for 96 hours leads to complete decellularization without affecting the extracellular matrix architecture. Microscopic observation of decellularized samples did not show any nuclei. DNA quantity was reduced (<i>p</i> < .05) in decellularized samples and scaffolds were found to be hemocompatible. Complete healing was observed on day 28 in groups II and III. No significant difference was noted in IgG in all the groups. Quantitative assessment of MDA showed a significant increase in groups I and II. Our results suggested that the 5% SPE solution effectively decellularized the native caprine dermis and the scaffolds were well tolerated by the animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel fabrication of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalized zein protein nanoparticles Co-encapsulated with bio-molecules to attenuate pregnancy-induced hypertension by inducing trophoblast cells proliferation with TLR4 signaling pathway.","authors":"Wang Yalin, Tong Xinyun, He Yin, Huang Ke, Luo Quanhui, Wang Jinxing, Wu Song","doi":"10.1177/08853282251322272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251322272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trophoblast dysfunction during pregnancy time is majorly involved to lead pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In the present investigation, the facile nanoformulation by Zein protein particles functionalized with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and co-encapsulated with curcumin and eugenol compounds (Cu/Eu@H-β-CD-ZNPs) is developed to achieve enhanced therapeutic potential in the treatment of preeclampsia. To investigate the positive trophoblast function, trophoblast cells were treated and observed for in vitro cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability under hypoxic condition. The Cu/Eu@H-β-CD-ZNPs have significantly induced the restoration ability of trophoblast cells. In vivo animal study was performed using pregnancy rat models by inducing LPS and observed the hypertension-related factors. The Cu/Eu@H-β-CD-ZNPs prominently down-regulated the expressions of serum and placental pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, IL1β, and IFN-γ). Additionally, p65 and TLR4 protein expressions in LPS-induced model were effectively downregulated after administration of Cu/Eu@H-β-CD-ZNPs. Results of current investigation provides evidence for combination of Cur/Eug with novel H-β-CD-ZNPs formulation have therapeutic potential on the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension by rat models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"118-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of magnesium alloy fixation screws in a goat femoral condylar fracture model.","authors":"Bin Li, Yong Yang, Liying Sun, Feng Li, Yu Zhang, Wen Tian","doi":"10.1177/08853282251324799","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251324799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the efficacy and safety of magnesium alloy screws in repairing small bone fractures using goat lateral femoral condyle fracture models. The animals were randomized into an experimental group receiving magnesium alloy screws (CS/Ф 3.2 × 28 mm, Suzhou Zhuoqia Medical Technology) and a control group receiving titanium alloy screws (CS/Ф 3.2 × 28 mm, Samo Medical Technology Co., Ltd). Postoperative evaluations at 3- and 6-month intervals included assessments of fracture repair, animal health, hematological parameters, histology, and screw degradation. Hematological tests revealed no significant intergroup variations. While gas accumulation near the magnesium screws was noted, the fracture healing outcomes were similar between the magnesium and titanium screw groups, with no deleterious health effects attributed to magnesium screw degradation. Gas liberation during magnesium degradation had no detrimental effect on small fracture recovery. Magnesium screw implementation appears to present no general health risks. Consequently, magnesium alloy could be a promising biomaterial for future fixation screw applications in orthopedics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"92-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of capecitabine-poly(p-dioxanone) electrospraying nanoparticles and influence of particle size on their colorectal cancer inhibitive efficiency.","authors":"Changlin Huang, Chenwu Yang, Chengmin Feng, Jun Dong, Bing Wang","doi":"10.1177/08853282251320177","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251320177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used for the treatment of colon cancer. To realize local sustained release, promote efficient local intracellular transport, and mitigate the systemic toxic effects of capecitabine, a capecitabine prodrug, capecitabine-poly (p-dioxanone) (Cap-PPDO), was successfully synthesized. Cap-PPDO was subsequently processed into nanoscale particles with various diameters using electrospraying to investigate the influence of nanoparticle (NP) size on the therapeutic efficiency of Cap-PPDO NPs. Design Expert Software was used to design an experimental scheme for evaluating the influence of electrospraying parameters on NP size and distribution. The in vitro capecitabine release rate of Cap-PPDO NPs was evaluated, and NPs with a size of approximately 300 nm demonstrated the fastest release rate. However, Cap-PPDO NPs with a size of approximately 300 nm exhibited lower proliferation inhibition against SW480 colorectal cancer compared to those with diameters of 200 and 400 nm. To further elucidate the influence of size, the endocytosis of SW480 cells with respect to these differently sized NPs was investigated using flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), given that endocytosis is an important pathway for the intracellular delivery of nanoparticles. The mechanism underlying the size-dependent therapeutic efficiency of Cap-PPDO NPs was ultimately attributed to the size of the mammalian lysosome. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of Cap-PPDO NPs of various sizes was verified using a nude mouse model of SW480 cell-transplanted tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of strontium and silver ion-releasing titanium with high silver treatment concentration.","authors":"Kazuki Orita, Shunsuke Fujibayashi, Yaichiro Okuzu, Seiji Yamaguchi, Koji Goto, Bungo Otsuki, Toshiyuki Kawai, Takayoshi Shimizu, Makoto Hayashi, Norimasa Ikeda, Yusuke Takaoka, Shintaro Honda, Tatsuhito Ikezaki, Shuichi Matsuda","doi":"10.1177/08853282251329276","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251329276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To overcome problems associated with surgical site infection and implant loosening, we developed a titanium (Ti)-based material employing a modified alkaline heat treatment that releases strontium (Sr) and silver (Ag) ions (CaSrAg-Ti). In this study, to determine the optimal Ag treatment concentration, we prepared four different materials-commercially pure Ti (cp-Ti) as a negative control, CaSr1mMAg-Ti, CaSr10mMAg-Ti, and CaSr50mMAg-Ti. Ion release test was performed by immersing the prepared disks in fetal bovine serum. With increased loading of Ag ions, the amount of released ions increased. Colony-forming unit count assay was performed using methicillin-susceptible <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. High antibacterial activity was observed in CaSr10mMAg-Ti and CaSr50mMAg-Ti groups. <i>In vivo</i> experiments were performed using the rat subcutaneous pocket infection model and evaluated by counting the attached bacteria, wound appearance, and histological evaluation. High antibacterial activity value (AAV >2) and anti-inflammatory effects were observed in the CaSr50mMAg-Ti group. However, CaSr10mMAg-Ti did not exhibit consistent antibacterial activity. For <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility and bone-bonding ability evaluation, rods were implanted into the rat femur. No cytotoxicity was observed at 1 week, and good bone-bonding ability at 4 and 8 weeks was not significantly different from that of CaSr1mMAg-Ti. To evaluate <i>in vivo</i> bioactivity and cytotoxicity, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on disks. CaSr10mMAg-Ti and CaSr50mMAg-Ti significantly inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3E1 cells, as well as the production of extracellular matrix <i>in vivo</i>, despite showing good biocompatibility <i>in vivo</i>. In conclusion, CaSr50mMAg-Ti, with increased Ag ion loading, exhibited high antibacterial activity <i>in vivo</i> while maintaining the bone-bonding ability and is a promising therapeutic biomaterial. Further research is needed to determine the optimal combination of therapeutic concentrations of Sr and Ag.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"20-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogel with sustained IL-10 release promotes macrophage M2 polarization and motor function after spinal cord injury.","authors":"Zhihua Wang, Denghui Li, Yanghao Wang, Ping Yuan, Wan Zhang, Yihe Zhang, Fei He, Jianyi Yang, Hangchuan Bi, Hao Duan","doi":"10.1177/08853282251329302","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251329302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1)Background: Inflammation plays a key role in spinal cord injury (SCI), where excessive inflammatory responses exacerbate neural damage and hinder regeneration. Modulating macrophage polarization, particularly through the sustained release of IL-10 to promote the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, represents a promising strategy to mitigate inflammation. In this study we developed a Hyaluronic Acid Methacryloyl (HAMA) hydrogel capable of sustained IL-10 release to regulate macrophage polarization and explore its therapeutic potential. (2)Methods: A photo-curable HAMA hydrogel was synthesized via methacrylation and designed for the sustained release of IL-10. The structural and functional properties were characterized using NMR and FT-IR. <i>In vitro</i> assays, including immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, were performed to evaluate IL-10's effect on macrophage polarization. The anti-inflammatory and reparative effects of the hydrogel were further validated in a rat SCI. (3)Results: The HAMA hydrogel with sustained IL-10 release demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. It significantly promoted macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by increasing the expression of CD206. In vivo studies demonstrated that the group treated by HAMA with IL-10 exhibited recovery of sensory and motor functions, along with improvement of the inflammatory microenvironment at the site of injury. (4)Conclusion: The HAMA hydrogel with sustained IL-10 release effectively alleviates inflammation, enhances motor function after SCI, and serves as a promising immunomodulatory platform. This novel approach presents considerable potential for improving neural regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}