Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

{"title":"A novel dihydroacridine derivative targets epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Anna Epishkina, Viktoria Pakina, Ekaterina Kutorkina, Evgeniia Bogoslovskaya, Oksana Tumutolova, Matvey Tolstov, Aleksandra Igrunkova, Ilya Fedoseikin, Ekaterina Blinova, Elena Semeleva, Dmitrii Blinov","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_392_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_392_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small molecules are considered a source of novel medicines targeting carcinogenic intracellular pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The main goal of the study is to assess whether LHT-17-19 could be considered an effective target molecule against EGFR-expressing tumor cells <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro,</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This was an <i>in vivo</i>, <i>ex vivo,</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experimental study. LHT-17-19 affinity to EGFR's kinase domain was assessed by the ligand's molecular docking. EGFR-expressing Hs746T human gastric cancer cell culture and patient-derived organoid (PDO) model of EGFR-positive breast cancer (BC) were used for <i>in vitro</i> assessment of the molecule anticancer property. IC₅₀ and GI₅₀ indexes were estimated using MTT- and MTS-based tests, respectively. Anticancer activity of LHT-17-19 against EGFR-expressing mutant lung carcinoma was studied on patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established in 10 humanized BALB/c male mice. Continuous variables were presented as a mean ± standard deviation. Intergroup differences were assessed by two-way <i>t</i>-test. Kaplan-Meier's curves were used for survival analysis. High affinity of LHT-17-19 for the EGFR kinase domain with dG score -7.9 kcal/mol, EDoc-5.45 kcal/mol, and Ki 101.24 uM was due to intermolecular π-σ bonds formation and the ligand intramolecular transformation. LHT-17-19 induced anti-EGFR-expressing gastric cancer cells cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ 0.32 µM (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11-0.54 µM). The derivative inhibited growth of EGFR-expressing BC PDO with GI₅₀ 16.25 µM (95% CI 4.44-28.04 µM). 2 mg/kg LHT-17-19 intravenously daily during 7 days inhibited PDX tumor growth and metastatic activity, prolonged animals' survival, and eliminated EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells from residual tumor's node. LHT-17-19 may be considered a molecular platform for further search of promising molecules, EGFR-expressing cancer cell inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with pattern recognition techniques for classification and discrimination of red snapper fish oils.","authors":"Irnawati Irnawati, Anjar Windarsih, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah, Abdul Rohman, La Ode Muhammad Hazairin Nadia, Sofia Arlana, Ruslin","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_401_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_401_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish oils are good sources for essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids needed to human growth. Indonesia is rich in fish species and among this, red snapper fish (<i>Lutjanus</i> sp.) can be extracted to get red snapper fish oils (RSFOs). The aim of this study was to classify and discriminate RSFO from different origins using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and pattern recognition techniques. All of the RSFO's FTIR spectra were very similar. The FTIR vibrations showed the presence of triglycerides as the main composition in fish oils. Principal component analysis (PCA) could separate the RSFO according to sample origin. Supervised pattern recognition of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA) successfully discriminated and classified different <i>Lutjanus</i> species of fish oils obtained from different origins. The vibration of functional groups at 1711, 1653, 1745, and 3012 per cm were considered for their important contributions in discriminating of <i>Lutjanus</i> species (variable importance in projection, variable importance in the projection score >1). Fish oils obtained from the same species were classified into the same class indicating similar chemical compositions. Among the three pattern recognition techniques used, sPLS-DA offers the best model for the discrimination and classification of <i>Lutjanus</i> fish oils. It can be concluded that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with the pattern recognition technique is the potential to be used for of fish oil authentication to verify the quality of the fish oils. It can be further developed as a rapid and effective method for fish oil authentication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanolic extract of <i>Gracilaria</i> spp. Attenuates the inflammatory stage of oral mucosa wound healing: An <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Rachmi Fanani Hakim, Rinaldi Idroes, Olivia Avriyanti Hanafiah, Binawati Ginting, Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi, Noviandi Indum Putra, Nur Balqis Maulidya","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_451_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_451_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Millions of bacteria present in the mouth cavity contribute to the challenging management of oral mucosa injury. On the other hand, <i>Gracilaria</i> spp. (red algae) is one of the widely cultivated algae that have a strong potential as a wound-healing agent for oral mucosa injury. This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing property of the red algae by observing its effect on polymorphonuclear (PMN), a neutrophil that is usually recruited during the initial wound healing. The extract was obtained through maceration and used as bioactive ingredient in gel preparation. <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> with incision wounds in the oral mucosa was used as the animal model. Our results revealed that rats treated with the red algae gel had significantly lower PMN on the injury site (<i>P</i> < 0.01) as observed on days 1, 3, and 5. Identification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the extract was rich in hexadecenoic acid and glycerol. The brine shrimp lethality test suggested low cytotoxicity of this extract with LC₅₀ = 10694.93 mg/mL. In conclusion, the extract could be potentially used as bioactive ingredient in gel formulation for topical management of oral mucosa wounds. Further, research to confirm these findings is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the aqueous extracts of <i>Sphagneticola trilobata</i> (L.) J.F Pruski as anti-breast cancer agents.","authors":"Vivi Mardina, Teuku Andi Fadlly, Tisna Harmawan, Elly Sufriadi, Muhammad Iqramullah, Hamdani Umar, Syafruddin Ilyas","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_410_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_410_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasive plant, <i>Sphagneticola trilobata</i> (L.) J. F. Pruski, has been known for its bioactivities and used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nonetheless, previous research has not directly compared the effectiveness of the plant parts in producing the AuNPs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the flower and leaf of <i>S. trilobata</i> in synthesizing AuNPs. <i>S. trilobata</i> leaves and flowers were separately extracted using distilled water at 60°C for 30 min. The leaf and flower extracts were mixed with the HAuCl. 3H₂O and heated to 60°C for 30 min to yield AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt, respectively. AuNPs were also prepared using trisodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇) as a control. The resultant AuNPs were characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition and anticancer activity- 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against MCF-7 cells. The AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt were revealed to have better stability and smaller particle diameters. AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt had average particle diameters of 11.86 ± 3.37 and 34.86 ± 23.56 nm, respectively. Agglomeration was predominantly observed in AuNPs synthesized using the flower or leaf extract as stipulated to be affected by the insufficient capping agent and intense hydrolytic reaction. AuNPs-AFSt had higher DPPH antioxidant activity than AuNPs-ALSt with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of IC₅₀ 123.44 and 168.83 ppm, respectively. Both AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt could inhibit 80% growth of the MCF-7; however, at lower concentrations, inhibitory effects were more pronounced in AuNPs-AFSt. Aqueous extracts of <i>S. trilobata</i> flowers and leaves could be used to synthesize AuNPs, whereas the former yielded AuNPs with higher biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of quercetin against pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in mice.","authors":"Waleed K Abdulsahib, Mohanad Y Al-Radeef","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_496_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_496_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, an estimated 50 million people are affected by epilepsy, a persistent, noncommunicable neurological ailment. Quercetin (QR) is a prevalent flavonoid substance extensively dispersed throughout agricultural life. In a pilocarpine (PILO)-induced epilepsy model in mice, this investigation aimed to determine whether QR has an antiepileptic effect and explore its putative mechanism of action. Fifty mice were allocated into seven groups, with six in every group. The first group received physiological saline, the second group was given diazepam (1 mg/kg), and four groups were administered QR at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The seventh group (the induction group) received normal saline. After 30 min, all groups were injected intraperitoneally with PILO. The impact of QR on motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test, while measures such as latency to first seizure, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), number of convulsions, and mortality were recorded. Serum samples were collected through the retro-orbital route to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels. QR showed no significant difference in motor impairment, but increased duration until the initial seizure occurred and declined the mortality rate, duration of GTCS, and incidence of convulsions. All doses of QR significantly reduced PGE2 levels (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). However, QR's effect on IL-1β reduction was statistically insignificant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). QR's capacity to inhibit PILO-induced epilepsy by decreasing IL-1 and PGE2 levels is supported by this study. The results of this work indicate that QR could have a function to treat acute epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and cytotoxicity screenings of ethyl acetate extract from <i>Annona muricata</i> leaves and its fractions.","authors":"Binawati Ginting, Mustanir Yahya, Nurdin Saidi, Ilham Maulana, Murniana Murniana, Eka Safitri, Muhammad Bahi, Yetty Rosiyana, Hazrina Novani, Devia Nurul Azla Milza","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_470_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_470_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaves of <i>Annona muricata</i> have medicinal potential which has gained attention from researchers around the world. This study has an objective to screen the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from <i>A. muricata</i> leaves and its fraction. The fine powder of <i>A. muricata</i> was macerated in methanol and further partitioned using two different solvents, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In this article, we reported the screening results for ethyl acetate extract. Fractionation was then performed on the extract by means of column chromatography by gradient elution resulting in five combined fractions. Brine shrimp lethality test and 1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhidrazil (DPPH) assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant of the extract, respectively. Characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was then conducted. The cytotoxicity of the samples was indicated by median lethal concentration₅₀ values ranging from 28.84 to 1023.3 ppm. As for the antioxidant activity, the DPPH median inhibitory concentration₅₀ values ranged from 4.12 to 180.66 ppm. GC-MS analysis on the most bioactive fraction revealed the predominating phytochemical contents of neophytadiene, palmitic acid, and phytol. In conclusion, the fraction of ethyl acetate extract from <i>A. muricata</i> leaves could potentially act as a strong antioxidant and moderate cytotoxic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous treatment with cells and rosemary extract ameliorates 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in the hippocampus of mice.","authors":"Aboutaleb Kousha, Gholamhassan Vaezi, Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani, Vida Hojati","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_319_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_319_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we delved into the hippocampal region to understand the effects of adipose stem cells (ADSCs) and rosemary extract (RE). Our main objective was to explore how these substances influence spatial memory, neurotrophins, and changes in antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, we meticulously investigated the impact of dopamine deficiency, a notable characteristic linked with Parkinson's disease (PD), on memory impairment. This study comprised five groups of Wistar rats - all male, all selected randomly. We labeled two of these gatherings \"lesion\" (L) and \"sham\" (SH). Each got injections in the bilateral form with 6 μg - one group getting saline, while another got 6-OHDA. From couple weeks before the neurotoxin injection to 8 weeks later on, our lesion cohort was treated with rosemary at a dosage rate of 50 mg/kg body weight - let's call it RE for simplicity sake. Moreover, there is also this other lot, designated as cell-transplanted lesion group or catchy exercise (CE) as we prefer to interpret them; they had cell transplants conducted exactly 7 days after receiving their respective injections. Bringing up the rear, we got a group treated with both cell transplant and rosemary (CE+R). We performed spatial memory tests at 4 weeks, then again at 8. At the end of eighth week, the brains were extracted for q-PCR, enzymatic and immunohistochemical studies. Turning our gaze toward a comparison between the CE+R and CE groups versus the L group, we spot an intriguing drop in escape latency time. There is also more time spent in quadrants. Digging deeper into this matter, the CE+R bunch unveiled a clear surge when it comes to the expression of four genes, namely NGF, BDNF, NT3, and NT4! This was notable especially while comparing with both R and even other fellows from its very own broader group - CE. In a bit complex bit related to enzyme activity now, there is some good news as well for those in favor of potent antioxidants such as GPx or SOD. CE + R group, showed a significant increase of GPX and SOD enzymes, compared to the SH and L groups, and a significant decrease of MDA activity as compared to other treated groups. A significant decrease of escape latency and increase of time in quadrant were observed in the CE+R and CE groups compared to L group. What's more, the levels of MDA in the CE+R group plummeted significantly when set up against the SH group. Wrapping things up, a definite downscale was observed in the density of GFAP-positive cells throughout different regions located within the hippocampus; this decline presented itself not solely in treatment groups but gripped onto those falling under SH as well, especially when compared to its comrade - the L group. Using ADSCs and taking RE orally have shown promising results in improving memory issues linked with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatic of novel self-amplifying mRNA vaccine lipid nanoparticle against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Turmidzi Fath, Endang Winiati Bachtiar, Gulimiran Alitongbieke, Yutian Pan, Yuanqing Hu, Retno Widowati","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_424_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_424_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed innovative self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) vaccine based on the derivative of S and Nsp3 proteins, which are considered crucial adhering to human host cells. We performed B-cell, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I, and II epitope which were merged with the KK and GPGPG linker. We also incorporated 5' cap sequence, Kozak sequence, replicase sequence, 3'/5' UTR, and poly A tail within the vaccine structure. The vaccine structure was subsequently docked and run the molecular dynamic simulation with TLR7 molecules. As the results of immune response simulation, the immune response was accelerated drastically up to >10-fold for immunoglobulin, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, immunoglobulin M (IgM) + immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, IgM isotype, and IgG1 isotype in secondary and tertiary dose, whereas natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells showed relatively high concentrations after the first dose. As our finding, the IgM + IgG, IgG1 + IgG2, and IgM level (induced by sa-mRNA vaccine) ensued three times with two-fold increase in days 25, and 50, then decreased after days 70-150. However, 150-350 days demonstrated constantly in the range of 20,000-21,000.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a <i>Eucalyptus</i> oil-based dentifrice in reducing plaque and gingival bleeding scores - A randomized clinical crossover study.","authors":"Fatema Alzahraa Osman, Leen Abdulghani Sarhan, Nirmeen Elhussein Eladl, Vijay Desai, Jayaraj Narayanan, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Sudhir Rama Varma","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_103_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_103_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal products in dentistry have grown significantly. In the current scenario, herbal products are believed to be an effective adjunct to other medications. The present study aims to evaluate <i>Eucalyptus</i> oil and miswak (Salvadora persica) toothpaste for its efficacy in observable reduction in plaque and gingival bleeding. Sixty participants with gingivitis were enrolled in the present study. The study included an interim period (washout) comparing miswak and <i>Eucalyptus</i> toothpaste. Plaque scores were measured at designated time intervals. Both herbal toothpastes significantly decreased plaque index. Nevertheless, with relation to miswak (<i>P</i> = 0.002), <i>Eucalyptus</i> oil-based toothpaste exhibited reduction in bleeding scores. When participants were asked to return to their routine toothpaste, no changes were observed. Results from the study showed that the toothpaste containing <i>Eucalyptus</i> showed a significant decrease in gingival bleeding. More investigations should be looked on the medicinal applications of <i>Eucalyptus</i> toothpaste on commonly seen periodontal parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test of insulin resistance in nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using glycosylated hemoglobin test and other interventions.","authors":"Lina AlTamimi, Zainab Z Zakaraya, Mohammad Hailat, Mousa N Ahmad, Nidal A Qinna, Mohammed F Hamad, Wael Abu Dayyih","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_343_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_343_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes is common globally. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an oral TZD antidiabetic, whereas chromium-picolinate (Cr-PL) and Cr-glucose tolerance factor (Cr-GTF) are useful type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) supplements. Cr-PL/GTF antioxidants cure T2DM. They may fail in diabetes with or without insulin-sensitizing medications. It examined how Cr-PL, Cr-GTF, PGZ, and their combination affected glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Sixty-three adult Sprague-Dawley rats (220-300 g) were selected, and nine rats were randomly assigned to a normal nondiabetic group. In contrast, 54 rats were randomly split into 9 rats per each of the 6 major groups and injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg STZ to induce T2DM. Rats were administered PGZ = 0.65 mg/kg (rat weight)/day, Cr-PL = 1 mg/kg, Cr-GTF = 1 mg/kg, and their combinations (PGZ + Cr-PL and Cr-GTF) daily for 6 weeks per intervention. The PGZ + Cr-PL and PGZ + Cr-GTF groups had substantially lower insulin levels than the PGZ group (13.38 ± 0.06, 12.98 ± 0.19 vs. 14.11 ± 0.02, respectively), with the PGZ + Cr-GTF group having the lowest insulin levels (12.98 ± 0.19 vs. 14.11 ± 0.02, 13.38±0.06, respectively). Intervention substantially reduced HOMA-IR in the PZ + Cr-PL and PZ + Cr-GTF groups compared to PGZ (7.49 ± 0.04, 6.69 ± 0.11 vs. 8.37 ± 0.04, respectively). This research found that combining PGZ with Cr-GTF resulted in considerably lower HOMA-IR levels than the PGZ and Cr-PL groups (6.69 ± 0.11 vs. 8.37 ± 0.04, 7.49 ± 0.04, respectively). Both Cr-PL and Cr-GTF may control T2DM. Both Cr complexes improved T2DM biomarkers more than the control diabetic group without medication. PGZ alone and PGZ + Cr-PL had less pharmacological synergy than Cr-GTF and PGZ in altering insulin and HOMA-IR blood levels. These encouraging discoveries need more study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}