T. Dubreuil, P. Amari, S. Barraud, J. Lacord, E. Esmanhotto, V. Meli, S. Martin, N. Castellani, B. Previtali, François Andrieu
{"title":"A novel 3D 1T1R RRAM architecture for memory-centric Hyperdimensional Computing","authors":"T. Dubreuil, P. Amari, S. Barraud, J. Lacord, E. Esmanhotto, V. Meli, S. Martin, N. Castellani, B. Previtali, François Andrieu","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779306","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a novel 3D 1T1R RRAM architecture. Thanks to a proper connection of SourceLines (SLs), BitLines (BLs), and WordLines (WLs), we propose to implement a memory-centric hyperdimensional computing (HDC) algorithm for language recognition. SPICE simulations validate the main HD vector operations (i.e generation of seed hypervectors, XNOR, SHIFT, etc.) with an efficiency reaching up to 95%. On this basis, we demonstrated a first experimental implementation of AND operation with a 1kb RRAM array. Finally, we discuss how each part of this 3D structure integrates and links each building block of HDC algorithm with a high level of parallelism.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114942499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Alam, D. Houssameddine, F. Neumeyer, I. Rahman, M. Deherrera, S. Ikegawa, P. Sanchez, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Williams, D. Gogl, H. Xu, M. Farook, D. Aceves, H. K. Lee, F. Mancoff, M. Chou, C. Tan, B. Huang, S. Mukherjee, M. Lu, A. Shah, K. Nagel, Y. Kim, S. Aggarwal
{"title":"Persistent xSPI STT-MRAM with up to 400MB/s Read and Write Throughput","authors":"S. Alam, D. Houssameddine, F. Neumeyer, I. Rahman, M. Deherrera, S. Ikegawa, P. Sanchez, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Williams, D. Gogl, H. Xu, M. Farook, D. Aceves, H. K. Lee, F. Mancoff, M. Chou, C. Tan, B. Huang, S. Mukherjee, M. Lu, A. Shah, K. Nagel, Y. Kim, S. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779276","url":null,"abstract":"We present the new generation of Everspin's STT-MRAM device with extended Serial Peripheral Interface (xSPI). The device is capable of persistent memory operation with random reads and writes while supporting page-buffered program and optional erase for compatibility with Serial NOR Flash protocol. MRAM technology has been optimized for the needed improvements to enable low-latency industrial applications. Two bank architecture with a new write scheme is employed for fast write providing up to 4 orders of magnitude write energy improvement over traditional NOR. We demonstrate full 64Mb die high-speed functionality with symmetric read and write throughput of up to 400MB/s.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125440764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Lopez, F. Rummens, L. Reganaz, A. Heraud, T. Hirtzlin, L. Grenouillet, Gemma Navarro, M. Bernard, C. Carabasse, N. Castellani, V. Meli, S. Martin, T. Magis, E. Vianello, C. Sabbione, D. Deleruyelle, M. Bocquet, J. Portal, G. Molas, F. Andrieu
{"title":"1S1R sub-threshold operation in Crossbar arrays for low power BNN inference computing","authors":"J. M. Lopez, F. Rummens, L. Reganaz, A. Heraud, T. Hirtzlin, L. Grenouillet, Gemma Navarro, M. Bernard, C. Carabasse, N. Castellani, V. Meli, S. Martin, T. Magis, E. Vianello, C. Sabbione, D. Deleruyelle, M. Bocquet, J. Portal, G. Molas, F. Andrieu","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779253","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally validated the sub-threshold reading strategy in OxRAM+OTS crossbar arrays for low precision inference in Binarized Neural Networks. In order to optimize the 1S1R sub-threshold current margin, an experimental and theoretical statistical study on HfO2-based 1S1R stacks with various OTS technologies has been performed. Impact of device features (OxRAM RHRS, OTS non-linearity and OTS threshold current) on 1S1R sub-threshold reading is elucidated. Accuracy and power consumption of a Binarized Neural Network designed in 28nm CMOS have been estimated with Monte Carlo simulations. A gain of 3 orders of magnitude in power consumption is demonstrated in comparison with conventional threshold reading strategy, while preserving the same network accuracy.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128214131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yoon, Sung I. Hong, Garam Choi, Daehyun Kim, Ildo Kim, S. Jeon, Changhan Kim, Kyunghoon Min
{"title":"Highly Stackable 3D Ferroelectric NAND Devices: Beyond the Charge Trap Based Memory","authors":"S. Yoon, Sung I. Hong, Garam Choi, Daehyun Kim, Ildo Kim, S. Jeon, Changhan Kim, Kyunghoon Min","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779278","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the multi-level capable 3D ferroelectricNAND (Fe-NAND) device using the 3D NAND test vehicle for mass production. The present 3D ferroelectric NAND shows the potential multi-level cell operation with the 3.4 V program/erase window. We also reported cycling and retention characteristics.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131531740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu-Hsuan Lin, P. Tseng, F. Lee, Ming-Hsiu Lee, C. Hsieh, Dai-Ying Lee, Keh-Chung Wang, Chih-Yuan Lu
{"title":"NOR Flash-based Multilevel In-Memory-Searching Architecture for Approximate Computing","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Lin, P. Tseng, F. Lee, Ming-Hsiu Lee, C. Hsieh, Dai-Ying Lee, Keh-Chung Wang, Chih-Yuan Lu","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779250","url":null,"abstract":"In the approximate in-memory-searching (IMS) system, the numeral-system-induced matching score counting error will cause computation error and degrade the system performance significantly especially at high resolution scenarios. This paper discusses the problem in detail and proposes a novel NOR-Flash-based multilevel IMS cell and the related operation scheme for approximate computing. The device characteristics and reliability performances are carefully evaluated on a high density NOR Flash array. Experiments and simulations suggest that the proposed approximate IMS cell not only can provide the matching score based on the difference between the input and the stored data, but also improve the system robustness toward data variation.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121339111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Chen, Zongpeng Zhu, Anyu Li, N. Mashhadi, Robert E. Frickey, Jinhe Ye, Xin Guo
{"title":"SSD Drive Failure Prediction on Alibaba Data Center Using Machine Learning","authors":"Lei Chen, Zongpeng Zhu, Anyu Li, N. Mashhadi, Robert E. Frickey, Jinhe Ye, Xin Guo","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779284","url":null,"abstract":"Flash-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have become a critical storage tier in data centers and enterprise storage systems. Cloud companies are very interested in predicting drive failures. Drive failure prediction enables managing drive replacement and backup data beforehand and helps planning drive purchase strategies. Solidigm and Alibaba collaborate to collect and analyze Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART) data and predict SSD failures 30 days ahead of time using machine learning techniques. In this paper, we use group k-fold cross-validation to select the best parameters for machine learning models and avoid overfitting. After obtaining the prediction score of each sample from the model, a post-processing with neural network is applied on those prediction scores to get the drive-level prediction. A modified ensemble learning method is designed and implemented by majority voting on different models of Light GBM and Random Forest to further improve prediction results. This paper is the first work in both academia and the storage industry to design a drive failure prediction system for deploying in data centers by optimizing models with the highest Precision instead of the highest F1-score to minimize false positive rate. We advance to get drive failure prediction with 100% Precision and 21% Recall, enabling us to avoid the high cost of false positives.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115137448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yandong Luo, Piyush Kumar, Y. Liao, William Hwang, F. Xue, Wilman Tsai, Shan-Xiang Wang, A. Naeemi, Shimeng Yu
{"title":"Performance Benchmarking of Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic RAM (SOT-MRAM) for Deep Neural Network (DNN) Accelerators","authors":"Yandong Luo, Piyush Kumar, Y. Liao, William Hwang, F. Xue, Wilman Tsai, Shan-Xiang Wang, A. Naeemi, Shimeng Yu","doi":"10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMW52921.2022.9779279","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the system level evaluation is performed for DNN inference engines using SOT-MRAM, which includes compute-in-memory (CIM) paradigm and near-memory systolic array. The write performance of the SOT materials is projected to 7nm with a macrospin model. For read-intensive CIM, SOT-MRAM with increased on-resistance can achieve 51% and 93% higher energy efficiency than 8T-SRAM at 22nm and 7nm nodes, respectively. For write-intensive systolic array at 7nm node, SOT-MRAM with PtCu track shows 17% higher energy efficiency than SRAM global buffer, respectively.","PeriodicalId":132074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132129191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}