{"title":"Ultrahigh Frequency SAW Devices Based on 128°Y-X LiNbO₃/SiO₂/Sapphire Structure","authors":"Jiajun Gao;Sulei Fu;Huiping Xu;Peisen Liu;Boyuan Xiao;Xinchen Zhou;Rui Wang;Donghui Zhang;Feng Pan;Cheng Song","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3586647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3586647","url":null,"abstract":"Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices based on multilayer structures herald dawns in satisfying stringent high-frequency demands of 5G and sub-6G wireless systems. However, SAW devices for X-band via lithography have not been realized. This work targets at boosting the operating frequency of SAW devices to the X-band simply by standard photolithography and lift-off techniques. Based on 128°Y-X LiNbO3 (LN)/SiO2/Sapphire heterostructure, a high-order thickness shear (TS) SAW as the intended mode is successfully excited. Theoretical and experimental optimization of LN cut orientation, LN and SiO2 thickness, and wavelength (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> enable the resonators and filters to cover most partial X-band. The resonators achieve an ultrahigh center frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${f}_{text {c}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 10.53 GHz, with a large coupling coefficient (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${K}^{{2}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 11.05% and Bode-<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Q}_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 372. The corresponding filters covering 8.9–10.3 GHz exhibit a minimum insertion loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {IL}}_{min }text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 3.06–3.31 dB. This first prototype of X-band SAW devices fabricated via standard lithography highlights enormous potential of SAW technology for next-generation wireless systems.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1640-1643"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2.4 kV β-Ga2O3 SBDs With 1.22 GW/cm2 Figure of Merit by N2O Plasma Treatment","authors":"Yongjie He;Maolin Pan;Jining Yang;Wenjun Liu;Hao Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585723","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the effect of N2O plasma treatment at different temperatures on the performance of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The results show that after <inline-formula> <tex-math>$300~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C N2O plasma treatment, the device leakage current decreased from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 10^{-{9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 10^{-{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/cm2, and the on-off ratio increased from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6times 10^{{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 10^{{11}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Due to the passivation of surface states and oxygen vacancies by nitrogen and oxygen ions, the carrier concentration decreased from <inline-formula> <tex-math>${2}.{20}times {10} ^{{16}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>${1}.{61}times {10} ^{{16}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The improvement is attributed to the formation of a significant amount of Ga-N bonds on the sample surface, which results in the generation of a high-resistance N-doped <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 layer. This further improves the device breakdown voltage (V<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{text {br}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from 664 V to 2,437 V with a power figure of merit (PFOM) of 1.22 GW/cm2. Our breakdown electric field (E<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{text {br}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the highest among reported vertical <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 SBDs without termination structure, and Vbr is the highest of devices with the same epitaxy thickness.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1577-1580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Wang;Wenlong Han;Liuzhen Peng;Canran Zhang;Qilong Wang
{"title":"Graphene Metasurface Absorber for Traveling Wave Tube Backward Wave Oscillation Suppression","authors":"Pan Wang;Wenlong Han;Liuzhen Peng;Canran Zhang;Qilong Wang","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585514","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of backward wave-induced instability in traveling-wave tubes (TWTs), this letter proposes a graphene metasurface absorber (GMA) for backward wave absorption. The beam-wave interaction simulation results show that the U-shaped meander-line slow wave structure (ML-SWS) with a central operating frequency of 80 GHz, generates pronounced backward waves at 119.7 GHz and 233.7 GHz. The GMA exhibits frequency-selective absorption characteristics, achieving an absorption rate exceeding 78% for the aforementioned backward waves. When integrated beneath the U-shaped ML-SWS, further particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations demonstrate a significant suppression of the backward waves, resulting in enhanced operational stability. We prepared microstrip line samples loaded with GMA that can be excited by probe pad. The measured results show that the absorption rate of the GMA at 90 GHz is 86.8%. This design provides a new way to improve the stability of TWTs.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1624-1627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay Kumar Visvkarma;Juan Nicolas Jimenez Gaona;Chan-Wen Chiu;Yixin Xiong;Yi-Shuo Huang;Rian Guan;Nathan S. Banner;Suzanne E. Mohney;Rongming Chu
{"title":"p-GaN Gated HEMT With 770 ION/IOFF Ratio Operating at 800 °C","authors":"Ajay Kumar Visvkarma;Juan Nicolas Jimenez Gaona;Chan-Wen Chiu;Yixin Xiong;Yi-Shuo Huang;Rian Guan;Nathan S. Banner;Suzanne E. Mohney;Rongming Chu","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585816","url":null,"abstract":"A p-GaN gated high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has been developed and electrically tested up to 800 ° C. The device demonstrated a high on-state current of 80 mA/mm and simultaneously a high ION/IOFF ratio of 770 at 800 ° C. The transistor was also thermally stressed at 800 ° C for 60 min. It demonstrated stable operation throughout the entire stress duration. The favorable on-current, on/off ratio, and stability show a promising path for high-temperature electronics based on GaN.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1509-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"XBAR-Structured Magnetoelectric Antenna With Magnetostrictive Interdigital Transducers","authors":"Yifan Fu;Rui Hu;Junru Li;Du Li;Yinuo Song;Bin Fang;Wenkui Lin;Zhongming Zeng;Xiangwei Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585497","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an ultra-compact magnetoelectric (ME) antenna based on a laterally excited bulk acoustic wave resonator (XBAR) structure integrated with magnetostrictive (MS) interdigital transducers (IDTs). The antenna design leverages three distinct resonant regions within a single device: pseudo thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (PFBAR) and contour mode resonator (CMR)-like single-IDT regions, XBAR-type paired-IDT regions, and a floating electrode higher-overtone bulk acoustic resonator (FHBAR) region. These resonant units collectively enable multimodal electromagnetic (EM) radiation with improved gain and broadened operational bandwidth. The device is fabricated using a FeGaB/AlScN/Mo multilayer stack on a silicon substrate via CMOS-compatible processes. Experimental results demonstrate peak gains of −17.8 dBi at 0.268 GHz and −20.5 dBi at 0.667 GHz. This work provides new insights into the design of high-integration, multimode ME antennas and offers a promising solution for future miniaturized wireless communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1612-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oguz Odabasi;Md. Irfan Khan;Xin Zhai;Harsh Rana;Elaheh Ahmadi
{"title":"Enhancement Mode N-Polar Deep Recess GaN HEMT With Record Small Signal Performance","authors":"Oguz Odabasi;Md. Irfan Khan;Xin Zhai;Harsh Rana;Elaheh Ahmadi","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585597","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we report a novel enhancement mode N-polar Deep Recess (NPDR) Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). Enhancement mode operation was achieved by recess etching with a combination of atomic layer etching (ALE) and wet etching. A high-k and high breakdown field HfSiO gate dielectric was employed. The epi-structure was grown on a low dislocation density on-axis N-polar GaN substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). As a result, true normally-off operation with +0.8V threshold voltage, 1.5 A/mm peak saturation drain current, and 0.55 S/mm transconductance was achieved with 75 nm gate length (LG). A cutoff frequency (fT) of 122 GHz was measured, which resulted in a record fT*LG of 9.1 GHz <inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m for E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Load pull measurements demonstrated an output power of 2.7 W/mm and a power-added efficiency of 46% at 10 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1505-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Al-Doping on Ferroelectricity and Reliability of HfZrO Film Under High Temperature Annealing","authors":"Seonggeun Kim;Seungwon Go;Sihyun Kim;Sangwan Kim","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585154","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the influences of Al-doping on a ferroelectricity and a reliability of Hf<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{{0}.{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>Zr<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{{0}.{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>O2 (HZO) films with a high temperature annealing. The Al-doped HZO (Al:HZO) films, in which the Al2O3 (AlO) layers are uniformly doped into the HZO films, are fabricated by using the super-cycles of atomic layer deposition (ALD). All the Al:HZO films show the reduced leakage current, increased breakdown field, 10-year lifetime voltage (> 2.32 V), endurance (> <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles) without observable fatigue and wake-up effect. Among the Al:HZO films, the 72:1 cycle ratio (CR) exhibits the highest remanent polarization (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${P}_{text {r}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {sim } 22.7~boldsymbol {mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C/cm2, while the 36:1 CR offered an optimal trade-off between reliability and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${P}_{text {r}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {sim } 19.1~boldsymbol {mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C/cm<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{{2}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. These results suggest that the Al:HZO films are promising candidates for the next-generation 3D ferroelectric memory applications requiring high thermal budget compatibility and robust reliability.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1648-1651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bilayer Ohmic Electrode Engineering in TaOX ReRAM Devices","authors":"Godwin Paul;Tom Glint;Stephan Menzel;Vikas Rana","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3585469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3585469","url":null,"abstract":"<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {TaO}_{text {X}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>Redox-based Random Access Memory (ReRAM) is a strong candidate to replace existing memory technologies, offering low power consumption, high endurance, and long retention. However, reducing switching energy and enhancing switching uniformity are critical for practical applications. Previous efforts to improve switching uniformity have compromised device performance, leading to low On/Off ratio or high operating voltages. In this work, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {TaO}_{text {X}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ReRAM is engineered with bilayer ohmic electrodes (OE) and the switching mechanism for specific OE thicknesses is explored based on the switching behavior and material properties of OE. An optimized Ti(2 nm)/Ta(13 nm) bilayer OE ReRAM is presented with a reduced forming voltage, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 11times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 6times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) faster mean SET (RESET) switching speeds, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 6times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> lower mean switching energy and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 10times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> lower resistance drift during long switching cycles compared to its single-layer OE counterpart, without degradation in other device performance metrics.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 9","pages":"1537-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11063316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wide Band Gap Semiconductors for Automotive Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3577888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3577888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 7","pages":"1257-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11060944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}