{"title":"Utilization of quartile analysis in process control","authors":"A. El-Sayed, C. Montgomery, S. Jenkins","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993708","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the utilization of quartile analysis in correlating inline measurements to end of line yield and electrical parametrics outliers (tail of population) over a large sample of lots to reduce the signal to noise ratio. In this paper we will discuss four case studies for a .25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology in a high volume-manufacturing environment where quartile analysis was used and proved successful. Case study A is addressing a .5% process yield loss due to high via resistance. Quartile (QTR) analysis of via resistance vs. key in-line processes indicated sensitivities to inter-metal-dielectric (IMD) thickness and via size. Case study B is utilizing QTR analysis to determine optimum contact etch time to overcome marginality to poly-metal-dielectric (PMD) thickness without compromising device diode leakage. Case Study C correlated a functional yield loss at the edge of the wafer to high TiN target life. Case Study D correlated titanium (Ti) kit life to high via Kelvin. In these case studies, quartile analysis was effectively used to analyze large sample of lots, evaluate current process control limits, identify any process marginalities, and drive corrective actions.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125035987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kodama, H. Kakinuma, J. Kumagai, H. Niina, J. Kiji
{"title":"Potential propagation model-based failure analysis support tool for MOS LSIs","authors":"M. Kodama, H. Kakinuma, J. Kumagai, H. Niina, J. Kiji","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993661","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient failure analysis method using a MOS LSI failure analysis system, named Failure Analysis Support Tool (FAST). When LSI design data, test patterns and test conditions are input into FAST, it calculates the potential in integrated circuits based on our proposing Potential Propagation model, and outputs the result as a timing diagram. The location of electrical faults can then be identified using the timing diagram FAST even allows engineers without detailed knowledge of the design to analyze failures in the device swiftly and accurately. This method is useful for logic LSIs and the peripheral circuits of memory LSIs, where faults are often difficult to locate.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126315842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced quality of tunnel oxide by in-situ screen oxide for embedded flash memory application","authors":"T. Nakamura, M. Ichii","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993705","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed flash-memory-integrated VLSI logic chips. The base technology is logic process and logic design system is fully utilized for this chip design. In the flash memory, tunnel oxide film plays very important roles for data retention, write, and erase operations. Especially data retention is one of the most important parameters. Flash memory data is stored as electrons in the conductor isolated by tunnel oxide. Therefore, data retention performance is mainly dominated by electron leakage property of the tunnel oxide film. In this paper, tunnel oxide electron leakage dependency on the following two process conditions is described One is the wafer position in the tunnel oxide growth furnace tube. Wafers loaded at the bottom of the furnace boat showed lower electron leakage. The other is in-situ screen oxide formation at tunnel oxide formation. In-situ oxidation just prior to the tunnel oxide growth forms 2-3 nm-screen oxide. This screen oxide reduces electron leakage current through tunnel oxide. Tunnel oxide surface roughness was measured by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to evaluate electron leakage through tunnel oxide. In-situ screened tunnel oxide showed smoother surface than that of non-screened tunnel oxide. Data retention performance is improved as the tunnel oxide surface get smoother.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128653208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost and initial performance observations of CMP vs. spin-etch processing for removal of copper metalization from patterned low-k materials","authors":"P. Lysaght, W. Mlynko, P. Lefèvre, I. Ybarra","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993639","url":null,"abstract":"While copper is rapidly replacing aluminum as the main on-chip conductor, new dielectric materials are being investigated as potential replacements for silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/, k=3.9) to reduce the capacitance component of RC interconnect delays. We identify integration challenges and addresses potential solutions pertaining to the manufacture of copper/low-k dual damascene structures at International SEMATECH (ISMT). Results of initial investigations of the feasibility of wet spin-etch processing (SEP) as an alternative to chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) for the removal of electroplated copper overburden from a film stack that includes soft, compressible low-k dielectric material are presented. Chemical consumption per wafer for the two processes is also presented.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130220092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defect mode classification in logic LSI manufacturing process using I/sub DDQ/","authors":"M. Sanada, K. Uehira, E. Fuse","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993659","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal I/sub DDQ/ (Quiescent V/sub DD/ supply current) indicates the existence of physical damage in a circuit Using this phenomenon, a CAD-based fault diagnosis technology has been developed to analyze the manufacturing yield of logic LSI. This method to detect the fatal defect fragments in several abnormalities identified with wafer inspection apparatus includes a way to separate various leakage faults and to define the diagnosis area encircling the abnormal portions. The diagnosis way progressively narrows the faulty area by using logic simulation to extract the logic states of the diagnosis area, and by locating test vectors related to abnormal I/sub DDQ/. The fundamental diagnosis way employs the comparative operation of each circuit. The obtained result is investigated to analyze the manufacturing process which mostly influences yield and to classify the fault mode. These defect information is fed back to logic LSI manufacturing processes, helping to improve manufacturing yield.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121963619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fukasawa, T. Kitoku, A. Kobayashi, Y. Hirayama, M. Saito, K. Nagaseki
{"title":"Approach for environmental standard with etch tools","authors":"K. Fukasawa, T. Kitoku, A. Kobayashi, Y. Hirayama, M. Saito, K. Nagaseki","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993675","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce electrical power usage and the consumption of PFCs, we have researched three kinds of techniques. The first is intermittent operation of dry pumps. The next is chiller with a new refrigeration system. The technique is a gas circulation system. The first technique, intermittent pump operation, results in 51.6% reduction in carbon dioxide to be emitted for the use of energy, which includes electrical energy, nitrogen and cooling water. Next, the new Chiller conserves 68% of the electrical energy at maximum. The gas circulation system can mark 50-70% reduction in the usage of process gases, and this leads to approximately 75% reduction in PFCs emissions.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121242951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Petri net simulation of manufacturing systems considering multiple machines, operators, and maintenance for a product-mix","authors":"S. Arima, K. Saito","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993682","url":null,"abstract":"A manufacturing system was modeled using a Petri net description, and the model was analyzed using a newly developed simulator. The simulator can consider concurrent events, conflict events, and stochastic events. This work first demonstrated a Petri net simulation which, in conclusion is a powerful tool for product-mix analyses.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127058755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tae Seon Kim, Se-Hwan Ahn, Y. Jang, Jeong In Lee, Kil Jae Lee, B. Kim, Chang Hyun Cho
{"title":"Intelligent yield prediction models for high-speed microprocessors","authors":"Tae Seon Kim, Se-Hwan Ahn, Y. Jang, Jeong In Lee, Kil Jae Lee, B. Kim, Chang Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993644","url":null,"abstract":"Neural network based yield prediction models are developed to optimize high-speed microprocessor manufacturing processes. Based on measured sixty ET (electrical test) data, wafer level parametric yield prediction models are developed. In this work, manufacturing yield was considered as a manufacturing performance index because it is very critical to overall manufacturing cost and product quality. The prediction results show 41.09% improvement as compared to statistical prediction model using multiple regression. These modeling approaches are also applied to predict final chip speed to minimize undesirable packaging costs. The prediction results show only 1.7% of average speed differences. Ultimately, these neural prediction models are used to find optimal process conditions, and with the successful implementation of this work, it can serve as a catalyst to improve productivity and chip quality.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127491532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aluminum grain interaction with metal etch induced by TiN film thickness","authors":"J. Campbell, A. Griffin, J. Manzay, A. Oliva","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993706","url":null,"abstract":"In Texas Instruments' DMOS5 wafer fabrication, yield loss occurred in a consistent spatial signature on 0.35 /spl mu/m product wafers. The defect was termed the \"Beard\" due to its crescent shape on the wafers. It was found that the Beard could be reduced, but not eliminated, by an increase in metal overetch. The metal stack consisted of a sandwich of a top TiN anti-reflective coating, an aluminum/0.5% copper interconnect, a bottom TiN layer and a Ti sticking layer.. Ultimately, an interaction was found between the thickness of the bottom TiN layer with the Beard. Specifically, a thinner TiN film had more fails. Texture analysis shows that the aluminum film decreases in [111] texture with a thinner underlying TiN film. This change in aluminum grain texture is the likely cause of the observed localized regions of unetched aluminum and TiN. By thickening the TiN by 1.5X and thereby achieving a greater percentage of columnar [111] grains, residual TiN shorts do not occur as confirmed by electrical test of the product wafers.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130726951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation requirements for edge exclusion area reduction for maximized output of chips from a 200 mm wafer","authors":"S. Kawashima, S. Nukii","doi":"10.1109/ISSM.2000.993625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM.2000.993625","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity improvement is one of the most important factors to reduce manufacturing costs for all semiconductor manufacturing companies and refers to how many functionally good chips can be manufactured from one wafer. Edge exclusion area reduction is one of the most effective methods for productivity improvement as well as yield improvement actions, and a gain of the number of valid chips inside the edge exclusion area does not depend on the chip size. We discuss the implementation requirements of edge exclusion area reduction by understanding quality level, thickness uniformity, and particle deposition of processing tools, and the essential requirements for edge exclusion area reduction are reduce yield variations within the wafer, understand thickness non-uniformity for processing tools and minimize areas where yield is affected, avoid clamps for wafer handling mechanisms, and use die-to-die comparisons to check for size uniformity among wafer-edge chips Therefore the conclusion is that a 5 mm edge exclusion can be reduced to a 3 mm edge exclusion.","PeriodicalId":104122,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ISSM2000. Ninth International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37130)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134515940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}